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Номер 6, страница 28, часть 3 - гдз по физике 9 класс рабочая тетрадь Грачев, Погожев
Авторы: Грачев А. В., Погожев В. А., Боков П. Ю., Вишнякова Е. А.
Тип: рабочая тетрадь
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2021 - 2026
Часть: 3
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Часть 3. Глава 8. Оптика. Параграф 43. Закон преломления света на плоской границе двух однородных прозрачных сред - номер 6, страница 28.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1435246 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "28" "field_page_end" => "29" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad/43-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434847 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Часть" "field_creative_case" => "Частью" "field_dative_case" => "Части" "field_genitive_case" => "Части" "field_nominative_case" => "Часть" "field_prepositional_case" => "Части" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Часть" "field_creative_case" => "Частью" "field_dative_case" => "Части" "field_genitive_case" => "Части" "field_nominative_case" => "Часть" "field_prepositional_case" => "Части" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1203 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1059 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вишнякова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Екатерина" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вишнякова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Екатерина" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6736 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "рабочая тетрадь" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => "рабочие тетради" "field_short_name" => "рт" "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "rabochaya tetrad" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6736 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "рабочая тетрадь" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => "рабочие тетради" "field_short_name" => "рт" "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "rabochaya tetrad" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2021" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2, 3" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "594" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-rt/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)" "field_cover" => array:3 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759003248" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759003248" 2 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover3.webp?ts=1759003248" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:3 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" 2 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759003248" "alt" => "" "width" => "2293" "height" => "2989" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759003248" "alt" => "" "width" => "2265" "height" => "3003" ] 2 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover3.webp?ts=1759003248" "alt" => "" "width" => "2241" "height" => "2999" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1203 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2021" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2, 3" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "594" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-rt/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)" "field_cover" => array:3 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759003248" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759003248" 2 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover3.webp?ts=1759003248" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:3 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" 2 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759003248" "alt" => "" "width" => "2293" "height" => "2989" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759003248" "alt" => "" "width" => "2265" "height" => "3003" ] 2 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/covers/cover3.webp?ts=1759003248" "alt" => "" "width" => "2241" "height" => "2999" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434847 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434847 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434847 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434857 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон преломления света на плоской границе двух однородных прозрачных сред" "field_branch_order" => "43" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1134 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "27" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1144 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434857 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон преломления света на плоской границе двух однородных прозрачных сред" "field_branch_order" => "43" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_page_start" => "27" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1698634 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6173 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6173 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1435246" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> На рис. 26 показан ход луча света AB, проходящего через границу раздела двух однородных сред с разными показателями преломления. Определите, используя рисунок, относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой. Ответ округлите до трёх значащих цифр.</p><p><strong>Решение.</strong></p><p>Из рисунка определяем углы падения и преломления. Для угла падения $\text{i}$ используем прямоугольный треугольник, образованный падающим лучом и нормалью к поверхности. Луч в среде с показателем $n_1$ проходит 4 клетки по горизонтали и 4 клетки по вертикали относительно нормали. Тогда $\sin i$ будет равен отношению горизонтальной компоненты к длине отрезка луча:</p><p>$\sin i = \frac{4}{\sqrt{4^2+4^2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{16+16}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{32}} = \frac{4}{4\sqrt{2}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$</p><p>Для угла преломления $\text{r}$ используем аналогичный прямоугольный треугольник. Луч в среде с показателем $n_2$ проходит 4 клетки по горизонтали и 6 клеток по вертикали относительно нормали. Тогда $\sin r$ будет равен отношению горизонтальной компоненты к длине отрезка луча:</p><p>$\sin r = \frac{4}{\sqrt{4^2+6^2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{16+36}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{52}} = \frac{4}{2\sqrt{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$</p><p>По закону Снеллиуса:</p><p>$n_1 \sin i = n_2 \sin r$</p><p>Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой равен:</p><p>$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}$</p><p>Подставляем найденные значения:</p><p>$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{1/\sqrt{2}}{2/\sqrt{13}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2\sqrt{2}}$</p><p>Для упрощения домножим числитель и знаменатель на $\sqrt{2}$:</p><p>$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\sqrt{13}\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{26}}{4}$</p><p>Вычисляем значение и округляем до трёх значащих цифр:</p><p>$\frac{\sqrt{26}}{4} \approx \frac{5.0990195}{4} \approx 1.274754875 \approx 1.27$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> 1.27</p>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1958" "height" => 361 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/0-43/6-1.webp?ts=1759402836" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1845" "height" => 747 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/0-43/6-2.webp?ts=1759402836" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1698634 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1435246" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> На рис. 26 показан ход луча света AB, проходящего через границу раздела двух однородных сред с разными показателями преломления. Определите, используя рисунок, относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой. Ответ округлите до трёх значащих цифр.</p><p><strong>Решение.</strong></p><p>Из рисунка определяем углы падения и преломления. Для угла падения $\text{i}$ используем прямоугольный треугольник, образованный падающим лучом и нормалью к поверхности. Луч в среде с показателем $n_1$ проходит 4 клетки по горизонтали и 4 клетки по вертикали относительно нормали. Тогда $\sin i$ будет равен отношению горизонтальной компоненты к длине отрезка луча:</p><p>$\sin i = \frac{4}{\sqrt{4^2+4^2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{16+16}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{32}} = \frac{4}{4\sqrt{2}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$</p><p>Для угла преломления $\text{r}$ используем аналогичный прямоугольный треугольник. Луч в среде с показателем $n_2$ проходит 4 клетки по горизонтали и 6 клеток по вертикали относительно нормали. Тогда $\sin r$ будет равен отношению горизонтальной компоненты к длине отрезка луча:</p><p>$\sin r = \frac{4}{\sqrt{4^2+6^2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{16+36}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{52}} = \frac{4}{2\sqrt{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$</p><p>По закону Снеллиуса:</p><p>$n_1 \sin i = n_2 \sin r$</p><p>Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой равен:</p><p>$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}$</p><p>Подставляем найденные значения:</p><p>$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{1/\sqrt{2}}{2/\sqrt{13}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2\sqrt{2}}$</p><p>Для упрощения домножим числитель и знаменатель на $\sqrt{2}$:</p><p>$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\sqrt{13}\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{26}}{4}$</p><p>Вычисляем значение и округляем до трёх значащих цифр:</p><p>$\frac{\sqrt{26}}{4} \approx \frac{5.0990195}{4} \approx 1.274754875 \approx 1.27$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> 1.27</p>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1958" "height" => 361 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/0-43/6-1.webp?ts=1759402836" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1845" "height" => 747 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-rt/0-43/6-2.webp?ts=1759402836" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1734620 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6327 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ …1] …1 } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6327 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …1} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1435246" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p> <p>Из рисунка 26 определим геометрические параметры хода луча света, используя координатную сетку. За единицу длины примем размер одной клетки.</p> <p>Для падающего луча (в среде с показателем преломления $n_1$):</p> <p>Горизонтальное смещение луча $L_{x1} = 3$ ед.</p> <p>Вертикальное смещение луча $L_{y1} = 4$ ед.</p> <p>Для преломленного луча (в среде с показателем преломления $n_2$):</p> <p>Горизонтальное смещение луча $L_{x2} = 2$ ед.</p> <p>Вертикальное смещение луча $L_{y2} = 4$ ед.</p> <p><strong>Найти:</strong></p> <p>Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой $n_{21}$.</p> <p><strong>Решение:</strong></p> <p>Согласно закону преломления света (закону Снеллиуса):</p> <p>$n_1 \sin \alpha = n_2 \sin \beta$</p> <p>где $n_1$ и $n_2$ – абсолютные показатели преломления первой и второй сред, $\alpha$ – угол падения, $\beta$ – угол преломления. Углы падения и преломления – это углы между соответствующим лучом и нормалью (перпендикуляром) к границе раздела сред.</p> <p>Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой $n_{21}$ определяется как отношение их абсолютных показателей преломления:</p> <p>$n_{21} = \frac{n_2}{n_1}$</p> <p>Из закона Снеллиуса выразим это отношение:</p> <p>$n_{21} = \frac{\sin \alpha}{\sin \beta}$</p> <p>Синусы углов падения и преломления найдем из рисунка, рассмотрев прямоугольные треугольники, образованные лучами, нормалью к границе и горизонтальными линиями сетки.</p> <p>Для падающего луча (угол падения $\alpha$):</p> <p>Противолежащий катет равен горизонтальному смещению $L_{x1} = 3$.</p> <p>Прилежащий катет равен вертикальному смещению $L_{y1} = 4$.</p> <p>Гипотенуза $h_1$ по теореме Пифагора равна:</p> <p>$h_1 = \sqrt{L_{x1}^2 + L_{y1}^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5$ ед.</p> <p>Синус угла падения $\alpha$ – это отношение противолежащего катета к гипотенузе:</p> <p>$\sin \alpha = \frac{L_{x1}}{h_1} = \frac{3}{5}$</p> <p>Для преломленного луча (угол преломления $\beta$):</p> <p>Противолежащий катет равен горизонтальному смещению $L_{x2} = 2$.</p> <p>Прилежащий катет равен вертикальному смещению $L_{y2} = 4$.</p> <p>Гипотенуза $h_2$ равна:</p> <p>$h_2 = \sqrt{L_{x2}^2 + L_{y2}^2} = \sqrt{2^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{4 + 16} = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}$ ед.</p> <p>Синус угла преломления $\beta$ равен:</p> <p>$\sin \beta = \frac{L_{x2}}{h_2} = \frac{2}{2\sqrt{5}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}$</p> <p>Подставим найденные значения синусов в формулу для относительного показателя преломления:</p> <p>$n_{21} = \frac{\sin \alpha}{\sin \beta} = \frac{3/5}{1/\sqrt{5}} = \frac{3}{5} \cdot \sqrt{5} = \frac{3\sqrt{5}}{5}$</p> <p>Вычислим числовое значение и округлим результат до трёх значащих цифр, как требуется в условии задачи:</p> <p>$n_{21} \approx \frac{3 \cdot 2.2360679...}{5} \approx 1.3416407... \approx 1.34$</p> <p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $1.34$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1734620 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1435246" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p> <p>Из рисунка 26 определим геометрические параметры хода луча света, используя координатную сетку. За единицу длины примем размер одной клетки.</p> <p>Для падающего луча (в среде с показателем преломления $n_1$):</p> <p>Горизонтальное смещение луча $L_{x1} = 3$ ед.</p> <p>Вертикальное смещение луча $L_{y1} = 4$ ед.</p> <p>Для преломленного луча (в среде с показателем преломления $n_2$):</p> <p>Горизонтальное смещение луча $L_{x2} = 2$ ед.</p> <p>Вертикальное смещение луча $L_{y2} = 4$ ед.</p> <p><strong>Найти:</strong></p> <p>Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой $n_{21}$.</p> <p><strong>Решение:</strong></p> <p>Согласно закону преломления света (закону Снеллиуса):</p> <p>$n_1 \sin \alpha = n_2 \sin \beta$</p> <p>где $n_1$ и $n_2$ – абсолютные показатели преломления первой и второй сред, $\alpha$ – угол падения, $\beta$ – угол преломления. Углы падения и преломления – это углы между соответствующим лучом и нормалью (перпендикуляром) к границе раздела сред.</p> <p>Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой $n_{21}$ определяется как отношение их абсолютных показателей преломления:</p> <p>$n_{21} = \frac{n_2}{n_1}$</p> <p>Из закона Снеллиуса выразим это отношение:</p> <p>$n_{21} = \frac{\sin \alpha}{\sin \beta}$</p> <p>Синусы углов падения и преломления найдем из рисунка, рассмотрев прямоугольные треугольники, образованные лучами, нормалью к границе и горизонтальными линиями сетки.</p> <p>Для падающего луча (угол падения $\alpha$):</p> <p>Противолежащий катет равен горизонтальному смещению $L_{x1} = 3$.</p> <p>Прилежащий катет равен вертикальному смещению $L_{y1} = 4$.</p> <p>Гипотенуза $h_1$ по теореме Пифагора равна:</p> <p>$h_1 = \sqrt{L_{x1}^2 + L_{y1}^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5$ ед.</p> <p>Синус угла падения $\alpha$ – это отношение противолежащего катета к гипотенузе:</p> <p>$\sin \alpha = \frac{L_{x1}}{h_1} = \frac{3}{5}$</p> <p>Для преломленного луча (угол преломления $\beta$):</p> <p>Противолежащий катет равен горизонтальному смещению $L_{x2} = 2$.</p> <p>Прилежащий катет равен вертикальному смещению $L_{y2} = 4$.</p> <p>Гипотенуза $h_2$ равна:</p> <p>$h_2 = \sqrt{L_{x2}^2 + L_{y2}^2} = \sqrt{2^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{4 + 16} = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}$ ед.</p> <p>Синус угла преломления $\beta$ равен:</p> <p>$\sin \beta = \frac{L_{x2}}{h_2} = \frac{2}{2\sqrt{5}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}$</p> <p>Подставим найденные значения синусов в формулу для относительного показателя преломления:</p> <p>$n_{21} = \frac{\sin \alpha}{\sin \beta} = \frac{3/5}{1/\sqrt{5}} = \frac{3}{5} \cdot \sqrt{5} = \frac{3\sqrt{5}}{5}$</p> <p>Вычислим числовое значение и округлим результат до трёх значащих цифр, как требуется в условии задачи:</p> <p>$n_{21} \approx \frac{3 \cdot 2.2360679...}{5} \approx 1.3416407... \approx 1.34$</p> <p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $1.34$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1435247" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1435245" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1111 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1435663 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 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Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1435243 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "28" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad/43-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection 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#hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1266 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1435245 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "28" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad/43-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1435245 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "28" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad/43-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1278 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1435246 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "28" "field_page_end" => "29" "field_url" => 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№6 (с. 28)
Условие. №6 (с. 28)
скриншот условия
6. На рис. 26 показан ход луча света AB, проходящего через границу раздела двух однородных сред с разными показателями преломления. Определите, используя рисунок, относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой. Ответ округлите до трёх значащих цифр.
Решение.
Из рисунка определяем углы падения и преломления. Для угла падения $\text{i}$ используем прямоугольный треугольник, образованный падающим лучом и нормалью к поверхности. Луч в среде с показателем $n_1$ проходит 4 клетки по горизонтали и 4 клетки по вертикали относительно нормали. Тогда $\sin i$ будет равен отношению горизонтальной компоненты к длине отрезка луча:
$\sin i = \frac{4}{\sqrt{4^2+4^2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{16+16}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{32}} = \frac{4}{4\sqrt{2}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
Для угла преломления $\text{r}$ используем аналогичный прямоугольный треугольник. Луч в среде с показателем $n_2$ проходит 4 клетки по горизонтали и 6 клеток по вертикали относительно нормали. Тогда $\sin r$ будет равен отношению горизонтальной компоненты к длине отрезка луча:
$\sin r = \frac{4}{\sqrt{4^2+6^2}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{16+36}} = \frac{4}{\sqrt{52}} = \frac{4}{2\sqrt{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$
По закону Снеллиуса:
$n_1 \sin i = n_2 \sin r$
Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой равен:
$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}$
Подставляем найденные значения:
$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{1/\sqrt{2}}{2/\sqrt{13}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2\sqrt{2}}$
Для упрощения домножим числитель и знаменатель на $\sqrt{2}$:
$\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\sqrt{13}\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{26}}{4}$
Вычисляем значение и округляем до трёх значащих цифр:
$\frac{\sqrt{26}}{4} \approx \frac{5.0990195}{4} \approx 1.274754875 \approx 1.27$
Ответ: 1.27
Решение. №6 (с. 28)
Дано:
Из рисунка 26 определим геометрические параметры хода луча света, используя координатную сетку. За единицу длины примем размер одной клетки.
Для падающего луча (в среде с показателем преломления $n_1$):
Горизонтальное смещение луча $L_{x1} = 3$ ед.
Вертикальное смещение луча $L_{y1} = 4$ ед.
Для преломленного луча (в среде с показателем преломления $n_2$):
Горизонтальное смещение луча $L_{x2} = 2$ ед.
Вертикальное смещение луча $L_{y2} = 4$ ед.
Найти:
Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой $n_{21}$.
Решение:
Согласно закону преломления света (закону Снеллиуса):
$n_1 \sin \alpha = n_2 \sin \beta$
где $n_1$ и $n_2$ – абсолютные показатели преломления первой и второй сред, $\alpha$ – угол падения, $\beta$ – угол преломления. Углы падения и преломления – это углы между соответствующим лучом и нормалью (перпендикуляром) к границе раздела сред.
Относительный показатель преломления второй среды по отношению к первой $n_{21}$ определяется как отношение их абсолютных показателей преломления:
$n_{21} = \frac{n_2}{n_1}$
Из закона Снеллиуса выразим это отношение:
$n_{21} = \frac{\sin \alpha}{\sin \beta}$
Синусы углов падения и преломления найдем из рисунка, рассмотрев прямоугольные треугольники, образованные лучами, нормалью к границе и горизонтальными линиями сетки.
Для падающего луча (угол падения $\alpha$):
Противолежащий катет равен горизонтальному смещению $L_{x1} = 3$.
Прилежащий катет равен вертикальному смещению $L_{y1} = 4$.
Гипотенуза $h_1$ по теореме Пифагора равна:
$h_1 = \sqrt{L_{x1}^2 + L_{y1}^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5$ ед.
Синус угла падения $\alpha$ – это отношение противолежащего катета к гипотенузе:
$\sin \alpha = \frac{L_{x1}}{h_1} = \frac{3}{5}$
Для преломленного луча (угол преломления $\beta$):
Противолежащий катет равен горизонтальному смещению $L_{x2} = 2$.
Прилежащий катет равен вертикальному смещению $L_{y2} = 4$.
Гипотенуза $h_2$ равна:
$h_2 = \sqrt{L_{x2}^2 + L_{y2}^2} = \sqrt{2^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{4 + 16} = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}$ ед.
Синус угла преломления $\beta$ равен:
$\sin \beta = \frac{L_{x2}}{h_2} = \frac{2}{2\sqrt{5}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}$
Подставим найденные значения синусов в формулу для относительного показателя преломления:
$n_{21} = \frac{\sin \alpha}{\sin \beta} = \frac{3/5}{1/\sqrt{5}} = \frac{3}{5} \cdot \sqrt{5} = \frac{3\sqrt{5}}{5}$
Вычислим числовое значение и округлим результат до трёх значащих цифр, как требуется в условии задачи:
$n_{21} \approx \frac{3 \cdot 2.2360679...}{5} \approx 1.3416407... \approx 1.34$
Ответ: $1.34$.
Другие задания:
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