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Упражнение, страница 127 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Грачев, Погожев
Авторы: Грачев А. В., Погожев В. А., Боков П. Ю.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: алгоритм успеха
Издательство: Вентана-граф
Год издания: 2012 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий изображено здание и радуга
ISBN: 978-5-360-07412-0
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Глава 2. Динамика. Параграф 20. История развития представлений о Вселенной - страница 127.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20upr-1" "field_display_title" => "Упражнение" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437905 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Динамика" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "70" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1042 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 …30} 1 => App\Models\Term {#1049 …30} 2 => App\Models\Term {#1050 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1065 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1071 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437905 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Динамика" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_page_start" => "70" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437905 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Динамика" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "70" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1130 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вентана-граф" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ventana-graf" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вентана-граф" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ventana-graf" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1132 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1134 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "алгоритм успеха" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "algoritm uspekha" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "алгоритм успеха" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "algoritm uspekha" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1147 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 6900 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "доработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "dorabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 6900 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "доработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "dorabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1155 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437905 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Динамика" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_page_start" => "70" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1157 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437926 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "История развития представлений о Вселенной" "field_branch_order" => "20" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "122" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1124} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437926 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "История развития представлений о Вселенной" "field_branch_order" => "20" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162} "field_page_start" => "122" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1705091 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1102 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6112 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1103 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6112 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438206" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Подготовьте сообщение на тему «Геоцентрическая и гелиоцентрическая системы». Для сообщения используйте материалы http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Геоцентрическая_система_мира, http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гелиоцентрическая_система_мира. Сделайте доклад.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "478" "height" => 147 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-20upr/1-1.webp?ts=1759503125" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1705091 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438206" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Подготовьте сообщение на тему «Геоцентрическая и гелиоцентрическая системы». Для сообщения используйте материалы http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Геоцентрическая_система_мира, http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гелиоцентрическая_система_мира. Сделайте доклад.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "478" "height" => 147 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-20upr/1-1.webp?ts=1759503125" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1812775 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1095 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438206" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Геоцентрическая система мира</strong></p><p>Геоцентрическая система мира (от др.-греч. Γῆ, Γαῖα — Земля) — это представление об устройстве мироздания, согласно которому центральное положение во Вселенной занимает неподвижная Земля, а вокруг неё вращаются все небесные тела: Солнце, Луна, планеты и звёзды. Эта система была доминирующей в астрономии на протяжении многих веков, начиная с Древней Греции.</p><p>Наиболее законченную форму геоцентрическая система получила в работах древнегреческого учёного Клавдия Птолемея во II веке н. э. Его модель, изложенная в труде «Альмагест», господствовала в европейской и арабской науке более 1400 лет. Согласно Птолемею, каждая планета равномерно движется по малому кругу, называемому <em>эпициклом</em>, центр которого, в свою очередь, движется по большому кругу — <em>деференту</em>. В центре деферента находится Земля. Такая сложная конструкция была необходима для объяснения видимого с Земли неравномерного движения планет, в частности, их попятного (ретроградного) движения, когда планета на небесном своде как бы движется в обратную сторону.</p><p>Хотя система Птолемея позволяла с достаточной для того времени точностью предсказывать положение планет, с накоплением новых, более точных данных наблюдений, она требовала введения всё новых и новых эпициклов, что делало её чрезвычайно громоздкой. Это, а также её неспособность объяснить некоторые явления (например, изменение яркости планет и фазы Венеры), привело к её постепенному вытеснению гелиоцентрической системой.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Геоцентрическая система — это модель мира, в центре которой находится неподвижная Земля, а вокруг неё вращаются Солнце, планеты и другие небесные тела. Её наиболее известной формой является система Птолемея, использовавшая эпициклы и деференты для объяснения движения планет.</p><p><strong>Гелиоцентрическая система мира</strong></p><p>Гелиоцентрическая система мира (от др.-греч. Ἥλιος — Солнце) — это представление об устройстве Вселенной, согласно которому Солнце является центральным небесным телом, а все планеты, включая Землю, обращаются вокруг него.</p><p>Хотя первые идеи о гелиоцентризме высказывал ещё древнегреческий астроном Аристарх Самосский в III веке до н. э., его теория не получила поддержки. Революцию в науке произвёл польский астроном Николай Коперник, опубликовавший в 1543 году свой труд «О вращениях небесных сфер». Коперник предложил модель, в которой:</p><ul><li>В центре мира находится Солнце.</li><li>Земля является одной из планет, обращающейся вокруг Солнца за один год.</li><li>Земля вращается вокруг своей оси за одни сутки, что объясняет смену дня и ночи.</li></ul><p>Система Коперника была значительно проще системы Птолемея и давала более естественное объяснение многим астрономическим явлениям. Например, попятное движение планет объяснялось тем, что Земля, двигаясь по своей орбите, обгоняет внешние планеты (Марс, Юпитер, Сатурн) или её обгоняют внутренние (Венера, Меркурий).</p><p>Дальнейшее развитие и утверждение гелиоцентрической системы связано с работами других великих учёных. Иоганн Кеплер в начале XVII века на основе наблюдений Тихо Браге установил, что планеты движутся не по кругам, а по эллипсам (законы Кеплера). Галилео Галилей с помощью телескопа совершил ряд открытий, подтверждавших правоту Коперника: он обнаружил спутники Юпитера (доказав, что не все тела вращаются вокруг Земли) и фазы Венеры, аналогичные лунным (что было возможно только если Венера вращается вокруг Солнца). Окончательное теоретическое обоснование гелиоцентрической системе дал Исаак Ньютон, открывший закон всемирного тяготения ($F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$), который объяснял, какая сила удерживает планеты на их орбитах вокруг Солнца.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Гелиоцентрическая система — это модель мира, в центре которой находится Солнце, а Земля и другие планеты вращаются вокруг него. Эта система, предложенная Коперником и развитая Кеплером, Галилеем и Ньютоном, является общепринятой для описания Солнечной системы.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1812775 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438206" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Геоцентрическая система мира</strong></p><p>Геоцентрическая система мира (от др.-греч. Γῆ, Γαῖα — Земля) — это представление об устройстве мироздания, согласно которому центральное положение во Вселенной занимает неподвижная Земля, а вокруг неё вращаются все небесные тела: Солнце, Луна, планеты и звёзды. Эта система была доминирующей в астрономии на протяжении многих веков, начиная с Древней Греции.</p><p>Наиболее законченную форму геоцентрическая система получила в работах древнегреческого учёного Клавдия Птолемея во II веке н. э. Его модель, изложенная в труде «Альмагест», господствовала в европейской и арабской науке более 1400 лет. Согласно Птолемею, каждая планета равномерно движется по малому кругу, называемому <em>эпициклом</em>, центр которого, в свою очередь, движется по большому кругу — <em>деференту</em>. В центре деферента находится Земля. Такая сложная конструкция была необходима для объяснения видимого с Земли неравномерного движения планет, в частности, их попятного (ретроградного) движения, когда планета на небесном своде как бы движется в обратную сторону.</p><p>Хотя система Птолемея позволяла с достаточной для того времени точностью предсказывать положение планет, с накоплением новых, более точных данных наблюдений, она требовала введения всё новых и новых эпициклов, что делало её чрезвычайно громоздкой. Это, а также её неспособность объяснить некоторые явления (например, изменение яркости планет и фазы Венеры), привело к её постепенному вытеснению гелиоцентрической системой.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Геоцентрическая система — это модель мира, в центре которой находится неподвижная Земля, а вокруг неё вращаются Солнце, планеты и другие небесные тела. Её наиболее известной формой является система Птолемея, использовавшая эпициклы и деференты для объяснения движения планет.</p><p><strong>Гелиоцентрическая система мира</strong></p><p>Гелиоцентрическая система мира (от др.-греч. Ἥλιος — Солнце) — это представление об устройстве Вселенной, согласно которому Солнце является центральным небесным телом, а все планеты, включая Землю, обращаются вокруг него.</p><p>Хотя первые идеи о гелиоцентризме высказывал ещё древнегреческий астроном Аристарх Самосский в III веке до н. э., его теория не получила поддержки. Революцию в науке произвёл польский астроном Николай Коперник, опубликовавший в 1543 году свой труд «О вращениях небесных сфер». Коперник предложил модель, в которой:</p><ul><li>В центре мира находится Солнце.</li><li>Земля является одной из планет, обращающейся вокруг Солнца за один год.</li><li>Земля вращается вокруг своей оси за одни сутки, что объясняет смену дня и ночи.</li></ul><p>Система Коперника была значительно проще системы Птолемея и давала более естественное объяснение многим астрономическим явлениям. Например, попятное движение планет объяснялось тем, что Земля, двигаясь по своей орбите, обгоняет внешние планеты (Марс, Юпитер, Сатурн) или её обгоняют внутренние (Венера, Меркурий).</p><p>Дальнейшее развитие и утверждение гелиоцентрической системы связано с работами других великих учёных. Иоганн Кеплер в начале XVII века на основе наблюдений Тихо Браге установил, что планеты движутся не по кругам, а по эллипсам (законы Кеплера). Галилео Галилей с помощью телескопа совершил ряд открытий, подтверждавших правоту Коперника: он обнаружил спутники Юпитера (доказав, что не все тела вращаются вокруг Земли) и фазы Венеры, аналогичные лунным (что было возможно только если Венера вращается вокруг Солнца). Окончательное теоретическое обоснование гелиоцентрической системе дал Исаак Ньютон, открывший закон всемирного тяготения ($F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$), который объяснял, какая сила удерживает планеты на их орбитах вокруг Солнца.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Гелиоцентрическая система — это модель мира, в центре которой находится Солнце, а Земля и другие планеты вращаются вокруг него. Эта система, предложенная Коперником и развитая Кеплером, Галилеем и Ньютоном, является общепринятой для описания Солнечной системы.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438207" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438205" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1124} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1437633 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/page-127" "field_display_title" => "127" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "127" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1124} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1164 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1705629 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1102} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "127-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "614" "height" => 834 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-1/127-1.webp?ts=1759503668" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1705629 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "127-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "614" "height" => 834 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-1/127-1.webp?ts=1759503668" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437634" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437632" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1274 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438203 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1275 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1157} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1290 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1292 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438204" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438202" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1124} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438203 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438204" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438202" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1282 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438204 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1275 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1157} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1302 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1304 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438205" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438203" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1124} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438204 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438205" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438203" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1294 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438205 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20vopr-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1275 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1157} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1322 …30} …1 ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438206" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438204" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438205 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20vopr-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438206" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438204" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1298 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20upr-1" "field_display_title" => "Упражнение" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438207" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438205" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20upr-1" "field_display_title" => "Упражнение" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438207" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438205" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1437633 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/page-127" "field_display_title" => "127" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "127" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437634" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437632" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "127" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/20upr-1" "field_display_title" => "Упражнение" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438207" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438205" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437633" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
Упражнение (с. 127)
Условие. Упражнение (с. 127)
скриншот условия
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Решение. Упражнение (с. 127)
Геоцентрическая система мира
Геоцентрическая система мира (от др.-греч. Γῆ, Γαῖα — Земля) — это представление об устройстве мироздания, согласно которому центральное положение во Вселенной занимает неподвижная Земля, а вокруг неё вращаются все небесные тела: Солнце, Луна, планеты и звёзды. Эта система была доминирующей в астрономии на протяжении многих веков, начиная с Древней Греции.
Наиболее законченную форму геоцентрическая система получила в работах древнегреческого учёного Клавдия Птолемея во II веке н. э. Его модель, изложенная в труде «Альмагест», господствовала в европейской и арабской науке более 1400 лет. Согласно Птолемею, каждая планета равномерно движется по малому кругу, называемому эпициклом, центр которого, в свою очередь, движется по большому кругу — деференту. В центре деферента находится Земля. Такая сложная конструкция была необходима для объяснения видимого с Земли неравномерного движения планет, в частности, их попятного (ретроградного) движения, когда планета на небесном своде как бы движется в обратную сторону.
Хотя система Птолемея позволяла с достаточной для того времени точностью предсказывать положение планет, с накоплением новых, более точных данных наблюдений, она требовала введения всё новых и новых эпициклов, что делало её чрезвычайно громоздкой. Это, а также её неспособность объяснить некоторые явления (например, изменение яркости планет и фазы Венеры), привело к её постепенному вытеснению гелиоцентрической системой.
Ответ: Геоцентрическая система — это модель мира, в центре которой находится неподвижная Земля, а вокруг неё вращаются Солнце, планеты и другие небесные тела. Её наиболее известной формой является система Птолемея, использовавшая эпициклы и деференты для объяснения движения планет.
Гелиоцентрическая система мира
Гелиоцентрическая система мира (от др.-греч. Ἥλιος — Солнце) — это представление об устройстве Вселенной, согласно которому Солнце является центральным небесным телом, а все планеты, включая Землю, обращаются вокруг него.
Хотя первые идеи о гелиоцентризме высказывал ещё древнегреческий астроном Аристарх Самосский в III веке до н. э., его теория не получила поддержки. Революцию в науке произвёл польский астроном Николай Коперник, опубликовавший в 1543 году свой труд «О вращениях небесных сфер». Коперник предложил модель, в которой:
- В центре мира находится Солнце.
- Земля является одной из планет, обращающейся вокруг Солнца за один год.
- Земля вращается вокруг своей оси за одни сутки, что объясняет смену дня и ночи.
Система Коперника была значительно проще системы Птолемея и давала более естественное объяснение многим астрономическим явлениям. Например, попятное движение планет объяснялось тем, что Земля, двигаясь по своей орбите, обгоняет внешние планеты (Марс, Юпитер, Сатурн) или её обгоняют внутренние (Венера, Меркурий).
Дальнейшее развитие и утверждение гелиоцентрической системы связано с работами других великих учёных. Иоганн Кеплер в начале XVII века на основе наблюдений Тихо Браге установил, что планеты движутся не по кругам, а по эллипсам (законы Кеплера). Галилео Галилей с помощью телескопа совершил ряд открытий, подтверждавших правоту Коперника: он обнаружил спутники Юпитера (доказав, что не все тела вращаются вокруг Земли) и фазы Венеры, аналогичные лунным (что было возможно только если Венера вращается вокруг Солнца). Окончательное теоретическое обоснование гелиоцентрической системе дал Исаак Ньютон, открывший закон всемирного тяготения ($F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$), который объяснял, какая сила удерживает планеты на их орбитах вокруг Солнца.
Ответ: Гелиоцентрическая система — это модель мира, в центре которой находится Солнце, а Земля и другие планеты вращаются вокруг него. Эта система, предложенная Коперником и развитая Кеплером, Галилеем и Ньютоном, является общепринятой для описания Солнечной системы.
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