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Номер 6, страница 315 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Грачев, Погожев
Авторы: Грачев А. В., Погожев В. А., Боков П. Ю.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: алгоритм успеха
Издательство: Вентана-граф
Год издания: 2012 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий изображено здание и радуга
ISBN: 978-5-360-07412-0
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Глава 9. Физика атома и атомного ядра. Параграф 52. Поглощение и испускание света атомами. Оптические спектры - номер 6, страница 315.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438011 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "9" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "307" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438011 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "9" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "307" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438011 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "9" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "307" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вентана-граф" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ventana-graf" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вентана-граф" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ventana-graf" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1134 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1140 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1142 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1144 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "алгоритм успеха" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "algoritm uspekha" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "алгоритм успеха" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "algoritm uspekha" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1148 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1150 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 6900 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "доработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "dorabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 6900 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "доработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "dorabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1156 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438011 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "9" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_page_start" => "307" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Поглощение и испускание света атомами. Оптические спектры" "field_branch_order" => "52" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1160 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "312" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1125} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Поглощение и испускание света атомами. Оптические спектры" "field_branch_order" => "52" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163} "field_page_start" => "312" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1705437 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6112 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6112 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438548" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> Что можно определить, зная спектр излучения (поглощения) вещества?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "485" "height" => 85 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-52vopr/6-1.webp?ts=1759503235" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1705437 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438548" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> Что можно определить, зная спектр излучения (поглощения) вещества?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "485" "height" => 85 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-52vopr/6-1.webp?ts=1759503235" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1813121 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438548" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Спектр излучения или поглощения вещества — это его уникальная характеристика, подобная отпечатку пальца. Анализ этого спектра, называемый спектральным анализом, позволяет получить большое количество информации о веществе. Вот что можно определить:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Химический (атомный и молекулярный) состав.</p><p>Это основное применение спектрального анализа. Каждый химический элемент (в атомарном состоянии) имеет свой неповторимый линейчатый спектр. Положения (длины волн или частоты) спектральных линий в спектре исследуемого вещества однозначно указывают на то, какие химические элементы входят в его состав. Сравнивая полученный спектр с эталонными спектрами известных элементов, можно провести качественный анализ, то есть определить, из чего состоит вещество. Это относится и к молекулам, которые имеют более сложные, полосатые спектры.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Количественный состав.</p><p>Интенсивность спектральных линий (их яркость в спектре излучения или глубина в спектре поглощения) зависит от количества атомов или молекул данного вещества в источнике света или на пути его распространения. Чем больше концентрация элемента, тем интенсивнее его спектральные линии. Это позволяет проводить количественный анализ, определяя массовую долю или концентрацию каждого компонента в смеси.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Физические условия и параметры объекта.</p><p>Спектр несет информацию не только о составе, но и о состоянии вещества и окружающей его среде:</p><ul><li><strong>Температура.</strong> По распределению энергии в сплошном спектре (для нагретых твердых тел или плотных газов) можно определить температуру источника (согласно закону Вина и закону Стефана-Больцмана). Также о высокой температуре свидетельствует наличие в спектре линий ионизированных атомов. Относительная интенсивность различных линий одного и того же элемента также зависит от температуры.</li><li><strong>Давление и плотность.</strong> Спектральные линии имеют конечную ширину. Увеличение давления и плотности газа приводит к уширению спектральных линий из-за более частых столкновений между атомами. По ширине линий можно судить о давлении в веществе.</li><li><strong>Скорость движения объекта.</strong> На основе эффекта Доплера можно определить лучевую скорость объекта (скорость вдоль луча зрения). Если источник излучения движется к наблюдателю, длины волн его спектральных линий смещаются в синюю (коротковолновую) сторону спектра. Если удаляется — в красную (длинноволновую). Величина смещения $ \Delta\lambda $ связана со скоростью $ v $ соотношением $ \frac{\Delta\lambda}{\lambda_0} \approx \frac{v}{c} $, где $ \lambda_0 $ — длина волны в покое, а $ c $ — скорость света. Этот метод широко используется в астрономии для определения скоростей звезд и галактик.</li><li><strong>Скорость вращения.</strong> Если наблюдаемый объект (например, звезда) вращается, то один его край приближается к нам, а другой удаляется. Из-за эффекта Доплера это приводит к уширению спектральных линий. По величине этого уширения можно рассчитать скорость вращения объекта.</li><li><strong>Магнитные поля.</strong> В сильных магнитных полях происходит расщепление спектральных линий на несколько компонент (эффект Зеемана). Измеряя это расщепление, можно определить напряженность и конфигурацию магнитного поля источника излучения.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Зная спектр излучения (поглощения) вещества, можно определить его качественный и количественный химический состав, а также множество физических параметров и условий, в которых оно находится: температуру, давление, плотность, скорость движения, скорость вращения и наличие магнитных полей.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1813121 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438548" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Спектр излучения или поглощения вещества — это его уникальная характеристика, подобная отпечатку пальца. Анализ этого спектра, называемый спектральным анализом, позволяет получить большое количество информации о веществе. Вот что можно определить:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Химический (атомный и молекулярный) состав.</p><p>Это основное применение спектрального анализа. Каждый химический элемент (в атомарном состоянии) имеет свой неповторимый линейчатый спектр. Положения (длины волн или частоты) спектральных линий в спектре исследуемого вещества однозначно указывают на то, какие химические элементы входят в его состав. Сравнивая полученный спектр с эталонными спектрами известных элементов, можно провести качественный анализ, то есть определить, из чего состоит вещество. Это относится и к молекулам, которые имеют более сложные, полосатые спектры.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Количественный состав.</p><p>Интенсивность спектральных линий (их яркость в спектре излучения или глубина в спектре поглощения) зависит от количества атомов или молекул данного вещества в источнике света или на пути его распространения. Чем больше концентрация элемента, тем интенсивнее его спектральные линии. Это позволяет проводить количественный анализ, определяя массовую долю или концентрацию каждого компонента в смеси.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Физические условия и параметры объекта.</p><p>Спектр несет информацию не только о составе, но и о состоянии вещества и окружающей его среде:</p><ul><li><strong>Температура.</strong> По распределению энергии в сплошном спектре (для нагретых твердых тел или плотных газов) можно определить температуру источника (согласно закону Вина и закону Стефана-Больцмана). Также о высокой температуре свидетельствует наличие в спектре линий ионизированных атомов. Относительная интенсивность различных линий одного и того же элемента также зависит от температуры.</li><li><strong>Давление и плотность.</strong> Спектральные линии имеют конечную ширину. Увеличение давления и плотности газа приводит к уширению спектральных линий из-за более частых столкновений между атомами. По ширине линий можно судить о давлении в веществе.</li><li><strong>Скорость движения объекта.</strong> На основе эффекта Доплера можно определить лучевую скорость объекта (скорость вдоль луча зрения). Если источник излучения движется к наблюдателю, длины волн его спектральных линий смещаются в синюю (коротковолновую) сторону спектра. Если удаляется — в красную (длинноволновую). Величина смещения $ \Delta\lambda $ связана со скоростью $ v $ соотношением $ \frac{\Delta\lambda}{\lambda_0} \approx \frac{v}{c} $, где $ \lambda_0 $ — длина волны в покое, а $ c $ — скорость света. Этот метод широко используется в астрономии для определения скоростей звезд и галактик.</li><li><strong>Скорость вращения.</strong> Если наблюдаемый объект (например, звезда) вращается, то один его край приближается к нам, а другой удаляется. Из-за эффекта Доплера это приводит к уширению спектральных линий. По величине этого уширения можно рассчитать скорость вращения объекта.</li><li><strong>Магнитные поля.</strong> В сильных магнитных полях происходит расщепление спектральных линий на несколько компонент (эффект Зеемана). Измеряя это расщепление, можно определить напряженность и конфигурацию магнитного поля источника излучения.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Зная спектр излучения (поглощения) вещества, можно определить его качественный и количественный химический состав, а также множество физических параметров и условий, в которых оно находится: температуру, давление, плотность, скорость движения, скорость вращения и наличие магнитных полей.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438549" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438547" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1125} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1437821 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/page-315" "field_display_title" => "315" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "315" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1125} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1705817 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1705817 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437822" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437820" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1270 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438543 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438543 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1277 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438544 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438544 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1289 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438545 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438545 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1301 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438546 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438546 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1313 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438547 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1320 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438547 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1320 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1325 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1328 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1328 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1337 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52upr-1" "field_display_title" => "Упражнение" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1339 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1340 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1341 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1343 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52upr-1" "field_display_title" => "Упражнение" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1339 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1340 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1341 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1343 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1437821 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/page-315" "field_display_title" => "315" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "315" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437822" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437820" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "315" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/52vopr-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438549" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438547" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437821" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№6 (с. 315)
Условие. №6 (с. 315)
скриншот условия
6. Что можно определить, зная спектр излучения (поглощения) вещества?
Решение. №6 (с. 315)
Спектр излучения или поглощения вещества — это его уникальная характеристика, подобная отпечатку пальца. Анализ этого спектра, называемый спектральным анализом, позволяет получить большое количество информации о веществе. Вот что можно определить:
1. Химический (атомный и молекулярный) состав.
Это основное применение спектрального анализа. Каждый химический элемент (в атомарном состоянии) имеет свой неповторимый линейчатый спектр. Положения (длины волн или частоты) спектральных линий в спектре исследуемого вещества однозначно указывают на то, какие химические элементы входят в его состав. Сравнивая полученный спектр с эталонными спектрами известных элементов, можно провести качественный анализ, то есть определить, из чего состоит вещество. Это относится и к молекулам, которые имеют более сложные, полосатые спектры.
2. Количественный состав.
Интенсивность спектральных линий (их яркость в спектре излучения или глубина в спектре поглощения) зависит от количества атомов или молекул данного вещества в источнике света или на пути его распространения. Чем больше концентрация элемента, тем интенсивнее его спектральные линии. Это позволяет проводить количественный анализ, определяя массовую долю или концентрацию каждого компонента в смеси.
3. Физические условия и параметры объекта.
Спектр несет информацию не только о составе, но и о состоянии вещества и окружающей его среде:
- Температура. По распределению энергии в сплошном спектре (для нагретых твердых тел или плотных газов) можно определить температуру источника (согласно закону Вина и закону Стефана-Больцмана). Также о высокой температуре свидетельствует наличие в спектре линий ионизированных атомов. Относительная интенсивность различных линий одного и того же элемента также зависит от температуры.
- Давление и плотность. Спектральные линии имеют конечную ширину. Увеличение давления и плотности газа приводит к уширению спектральных линий из-за более частых столкновений между атомами. По ширине линий можно судить о давлении в веществе.
- Скорость движения объекта. На основе эффекта Доплера можно определить лучевую скорость объекта (скорость вдоль луча зрения). Если источник излучения движется к наблюдателю, длины волн его спектральных линий смещаются в синюю (коротковолновую) сторону спектра. Если удаляется — в красную (длинноволновую). Величина смещения $ \Delta\lambda $ связана со скоростью $ v $ соотношением $ \frac{\Delta\lambda}{\lambda_0} \approx \frac{v}{c} $, где $ \lambda_0 $ — длина волны в покое, а $ c $ — скорость света. Этот метод широко используется в астрономии для определения скоростей звезд и галактик.
- Скорость вращения. Если наблюдаемый объект (например, звезда) вращается, то один его край приближается к нам, а другой удаляется. Из-за эффекта Доплера это приводит к уширению спектральных линий. По величине этого уширения можно рассчитать скорость вращения объекта.
- Магнитные поля. В сильных магнитных полях происходит расщепление спектральных линий на несколько компонент (эффект Зеемана). Измеряя это расщепление, можно определить напряженность и конфигурацию магнитного поля источника излучения.
Ответ: Зная спектр излучения (поглощения) вещества, можно определить его качественный и количественный химический состав, а также множество физических параметров и условий, в которых оно находится: температуру, давление, плотность, скорость движения, скорость вращения и наличие магнитных полей.
Другие задания:
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