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Номер 5, страница 164 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Изергин
Авторы: Изергин Э. Т.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: инновационная школа
Издательство: Русское слово
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-533-01069-6
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Глава V. Физика атома и атомного ядра. Параграф 34. Атом Бора - номер 5, страница 164.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1439888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "164" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/34-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1439582 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "V" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "157" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4169 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4715 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "инновационная школа" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "innovacionnaya shkola" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4715 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "инновационная школа" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "innovacionnaya shkola" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 9 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "388" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01069-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759162386" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759162386" "alt" => "" "width" => "1881" "height" => "2502" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1077 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4169 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 9 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "388" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01069-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759162386" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759162386" "alt" => "" "width" => "1881" "height" => "2502" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1439582 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "V" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "157" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1439582 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "V" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "157" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1439582 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => "V" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_page_start" => "157" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1439585 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Атом Бора" "field_branch_order" => "34" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "161" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1439585 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Атом Бора" "field_branch_order" => "34" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_page_start" => "161" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1707411 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6139 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6139 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439888" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>5.</strong> В каком случае излучаемая атомом энергия больше: при переходе электрона с третьей стационарной орбиты на вторую или при переходе со второй стационарной орбиты на первую?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1455" "height" => 315 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/izergin-u/0-34/5-1.webp?ts=1759529260" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1707411 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439888" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>5.</strong> В каком случае излучаемая атомом энергия больше: при переходе электрона с третьей стационарной орбиты на вторую или при переходе со второй стационарной орбиты на первую?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1455" "height" => 315 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/izergin-u/0-34/5-1.webp?ts=1759529260" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1094 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1813429 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1089 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439888" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Согласно второму постулату Бора, при переходе электрона с одной стационарной орбиты на другую атом излучает квант электромагнитной энергии. Энергия этого кванта равна разности энергий стационарных состояний, между которыми происходит переход:</p><p>$\Delta E = E_{n_i} - E_{n_f}$</p><p>где $E_{n_i}$ — энергия электрона на начальной, более высокой орбите, а $E_{n_f}$ — энергия на конечной, более низкой орбите.</p><p>Энергия электрона на $\text{n}$-й стационарной орбите в атоме водорода (или водородоподобном ионе) определяется формулой:</p><p>$E_n = - \frac{E_0}{n^2}$</p><p>где $E_0$ — постоянная величина, равная энергии ионизации атома из основного состояния (для водорода $E_0 \approx 13,6$ эВ), а $\text{n}$ — номер орбиты (главное квантовое число).</p><p>Тогда энергия излучаемого фотона выражается как:</p><p>$\Delta E = E_0 \left( \frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} \right)$</p><p>Рассмотрим два случая, описанных в задаче, и сравним излучаемые энергии.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Переход электрона с третьей ($n_i=3$) на вторую ($n_f=2$) орбиту.</p><p>Излучаемая энергия $\Delta E_{3 \to 2}$ равна:</p><p>$\Delta E_{3 \to 2} = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{2^2} - \frac{1}{3^2}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{9-4}{36}\right) = \frac{5}{36} E_0$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Переход электрона со второй ($n_i=2$) на первую ($n_f=1$) орбиту.</p><p>Излучаемая энергия $\Delta E_{2 \to 1}$ равна:</p><p>$\Delta E_{2 \to 1} = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{2^2}\right) = E_0 \left(1 - \frac{1}{4}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{4-1}{4}\right) = \frac{3}{4} E_0$</p><p>Теперь сравним полученные значения энергии $\Delta E_{3 \to 2}$ и $\Delta E_{2 \to 1}$. Для этого приведем дроби $\frac{5}{36}$ и $\frac{3}{4}$ к общему знаменателю 36:</p><p>$\frac{3}{4} = \frac{3 \times 9}{4 \times 9} = \frac{27}{36}$</p><p>Сравнивая коэффициенты при $E_0$, получаем:</p><p>$\frac{27}{36} > \frac{5}{36}$</p><p>Следовательно, $\Delta E_{2 \to 1} > \Delta E_{3 \to 2}$.</p><p>Это означает, что при переходе со второй орбиты на первую излучается больше энергии, чем при переходе с третьей на вторую. Энергетические уровни в атоме расположены неравномерно: с увеличением номера орбиты они сближаются, поэтому разность энергий между соседними уровнями уменьшается.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> излучаемая атомом энергия больше при переходе электрона со второй стационарной орбиты на первую.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1813429 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439888" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Согласно второму постулату Бора, при переходе электрона с одной стационарной орбиты на другую атом излучает квант электромагнитной энергии. Энергия этого кванта равна разности энергий стационарных состояний, между которыми происходит переход:</p><p>$\Delta E = E_{n_i} - E_{n_f}$</p><p>где $E_{n_i}$ — энергия электрона на начальной, более высокой орбите, а $E_{n_f}$ — энергия на конечной, более низкой орбите.</p><p>Энергия электрона на $\text{n}$-й стационарной орбите в атоме водорода (или водородоподобном ионе) определяется формулой:</p><p>$E_n = - \frac{E_0}{n^2}$</p><p>где $E_0$ — постоянная величина, равная энергии ионизации атома из основного состояния (для водорода $E_0 \approx 13,6$ эВ), а $\text{n}$ — номер орбиты (главное квантовое число).</p><p>Тогда энергия излучаемого фотона выражается как:</p><p>$\Delta E = E_0 \left( \frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} \right)$</p><p>Рассмотрим два случая, описанных в задаче, и сравним излучаемые энергии.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Переход электрона с третьей ($n_i=3$) на вторую ($n_f=2$) орбиту.</p><p>Излучаемая энергия $\Delta E_{3 \to 2}$ равна:</p><p>$\Delta E_{3 \to 2} = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{2^2} - \frac{1}{3^2}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{9-4}{36}\right) = \frac{5}{36} E_0$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Переход электрона со второй ($n_i=2$) на первую ($n_f=1$) орбиту.</p><p>Излучаемая энергия $\Delta E_{2 \to 1}$ равна:</p><p>$\Delta E_{2 \to 1} = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{2^2}\right) = E_0 \left(1 - \frac{1}{4}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{4-1}{4}\right) = \frac{3}{4} E_0$</p><p>Теперь сравним полученные значения энергии $\Delta E_{3 \to 2}$ и $\Delta E_{2 \to 1}$. Для этого приведем дроби $\frac{5}{36}$ и $\frac{3}{4}$ к общему знаменателю 36:</p><p>$\frac{3}{4} = \frac{3 \times 9}{4 \times 9} = \frac{27}{36}$</p><p>Сравнивая коэффициенты при $E_0$, получаем:</p><p>$\frac{27}{36} > \frac{5}{36}$</p><p>Следовательно, $\Delta E_{2 \to 1} > \Delta E_{3 \to 2}$.</p><p>Это означает, что при переходе со второй орбиты на первую излучается больше энергии, чем при переходе с третьей на вторую. Энергетические уровни в атоме расположены неравномерно: с увеличением номера орбиты они сближаются, поэтому разность энергий между соседними уровнями уменьшается.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> излучаемая атомом энергия больше при переходе электрона со второй стационарной орбиты на первую.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439889" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439887" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1105 #connection: 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{#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1121} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1248 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 …21 } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1250 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439888" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439886" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1439482" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1439887 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "164" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/34-4" "field_display_title" => "4" 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№5 (с. 164)
Условие. №5 (с. 164)
скриншот условия
5. В каком случае излучаемая атомом энергия больше: при переходе электрона с третьей стационарной орбиты на вторую или при переходе со второй стационарной орбиты на первую?
Решение. №5 (с. 164)
Решение
Согласно второму постулату Бора, при переходе электрона с одной стационарной орбиты на другую атом излучает квант электромагнитной энергии. Энергия этого кванта равна разности энергий стационарных состояний, между которыми происходит переход:
$\Delta E = E_{n_i} - E_{n_f}$
где $E_{n_i}$ — энергия электрона на начальной, более высокой орбите, а $E_{n_f}$ — энергия на конечной, более низкой орбите.
Энергия электрона на $\text{n}$-й стационарной орбите в атоме водорода (или водородоподобном ионе) определяется формулой:
$E_n = - \frac{E_0}{n^2}$
где $E_0$ — постоянная величина, равная энергии ионизации атома из основного состояния (для водорода $E_0 \approx 13,6$ эВ), а $\text{n}$ — номер орбиты (главное квантовое число).
Тогда энергия излучаемого фотона выражается как:
$\Delta E = E_0 \left( \frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} \right)$
Рассмотрим два случая, описанных в задаче, и сравним излучаемые энергии.
1. Переход электрона с третьей ($n_i=3$) на вторую ($n_f=2$) орбиту.
Излучаемая энергия $\Delta E_{3 \to 2}$ равна:
$\Delta E_{3 \to 2} = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{2^2} - \frac{1}{3^2}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{9-4}{36}\right) = \frac{5}{36} E_0$
2. Переход электрона со второй ($n_i=2$) на первую ($n_f=1$) орбиту.
Излучаемая энергия $\Delta E_{2 \to 1}$ равна:
$\Delta E_{2 \to 1} = E_0 \left(\frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{2^2}\right) = E_0 \left(1 - \frac{1}{4}\right) = E_0 \left(\frac{4-1}{4}\right) = \frac{3}{4} E_0$
Теперь сравним полученные значения энергии $\Delta E_{3 \to 2}$ и $\Delta E_{2 \to 1}$. Для этого приведем дроби $\frac{5}{36}$ и $\frac{3}{4}$ к общему знаменателю 36:
$\frac{3}{4} = \frac{3 \times 9}{4 \times 9} = \frac{27}{36}$
Сравнивая коэффициенты при $E_0$, получаем:
$\frac{27}{36} > \frac{5}{36}$
Следовательно, $\Delta E_{2 \to 1} > \Delta E_{3 \to 2}$.
Это означает, что при переходе со второй орбиты на первую излучается больше энергии, чем при переходе с третьей на вторую. Энергетические уровни в атоме расположены неравномерно: с увеличением номера орбиты они сближаются, поэтому разность энергий между соседними уровнями уменьшается.
Ответ: излучаемая атомом энергия больше при переходе электрона со второй стационарной орбиты на первую.
Другие задания:
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