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Номер 2, страница 120 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Шахмаев, Бунчук
Авторы: Шахмаев Н. М., Бунчук А. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Мнемозина
Год издания: 2007 - 2026
Цвет обложки: голубой
ISBN: 978-5-346-01799-8
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Глава 8. Закон сохранения энергии. Параграф 28. Работа силы - номер 2, страница 120.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436827 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Работа силы" "field_branch_order" => "28" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1108 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1140 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436827 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Работа силы" "field_branch_order" => "28" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1156 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1702452 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1157 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437031" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> В каких случаях работа положительна? отрицательна? равна нулю?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1493" "height" => 133 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/0-28/2-1.webp?ts=1759448844" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1702452 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437031" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> В каких случаях работа положительна? отрицательна? равна нулю?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1493" "height" => 133 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/0-28/2-1.webp?ts=1759448844" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1163 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1732373 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1164 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437031" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Что такое работа? В каких единицах она выражается?</p><p>В механике <strong>работа</strong> – это физическая величина, являющаяся скалярной количественной мерой действия силы на тело. Работа совершается, когда под действием силы тело перемещается. Она равна произведению модуля силы, модуля перемещения тела и косинуса угла между векторами силы и перемещения.</p><p>Математически работа $\text{A}$ вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$</p><p>где:<br>$\text{A}$ – работа,<br>$\text{F}$ – модуль приложенной силы,<br>$\text{s}$ – модуль перемещения тела,<br>$\alpha$ – угол между направлением силы и направлением перемещения.</p><p>В Международной системе единиц (СИ) работа измеряется в <strong>джоулях</strong> (Дж). Один джоуль равен работе, совершаемой силой в один ньютон при перемещении тела на один метр в направлении действия силы.</p><p>$1 \text{ Дж} = 1 \text{ Н} \cdot \text{м}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Работа – это физическая величина, характеризующая процесс перемещения тела под действием силы. Она выражается в джоулях (Дж).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> В каких случаях работа положительна? отрицательна? равна нулю?</p><p>Знак работы зависит от угла $\alpha$ между вектором силы $\vec{F}$ и вектором перемещения $\vec{s}$, что следует из формулы $A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$.</p><p><strong>Работа положительна ($A > 0$):</strong><br>Работа является положительной, если угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения является острым, то есть $0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(\alpha) > 0$. Это означает, что сила (или ее проекция на направление движения) сонаправлена с перемещением и способствует этому движению.<br><em>Пример:</em> Когда мы толкаем санки, и они движутся вперед, работа нашей силы положительна.</p><p><strong>Работа отрицательна ($A < 0$):</strong><br>Работа является отрицательной, если угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения является тупым, то есть $90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(\alpha) < 0$. Это означает, что сила (или ее проекция на направление движения) направлена противоположно перемещению и препятствует ему.<br><em>Пример:</em> Сила трения, действующая на движущиеся санки, совершает отрицательную работу, так как она направлена против движения.</p><p><strong>Работа равна нулю ($A = 0$):</strong><br>Работа равна нулю в трех случаях:<br>1. Приложенная сила равна нулю ($F=0$).<br>2. Перемещение тела равно нулю ($s=0$). <em>Пример:</em> Человек давит на стену, но стена не двигается.<br>3. Угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения равен $90^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$. Сила перпендикулярна перемещению.<br><em>Пример:</em> Сила тяжести, действующая на книгу, которую несут горизонтально, не совершает работы, так как направлена вертикально вниз, а перемещение горизонтально.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Работа положительна, если сила сонаправлена с перемещением ($0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$). Работа отрицательна, если сила направлена противоположно перемещению ($90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$). Работа равна нулю, если сила равна нулю, перемещение равно нулю, или сила перпендикулярна перемещению ($\alpha = 90^\circ$).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1732373 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437031" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Что такое работа? В каких единицах она выражается?</p><p>В механике <strong>работа</strong> – это физическая величина, являющаяся скалярной количественной мерой действия силы на тело. Работа совершается, когда под действием силы тело перемещается. Она равна произведению модуля силы, модуля перемещения тела и косинуса угла между векторами силы и перемещения.</p><p>Математически работа $\text{A}$ вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$</p><p>где:<br>$\text{A}$ – работа,<br>$\text{F}$ – модуль приложенной силы,<br>$\text{s}$ – модуль перемещения тела,<br>$\alpha$ – угол между направлением силы и направлением перемещения.</p><p>В Международной системе единиц (СИ) работа измеряется в <strong>джоулях</strong> (Дж). Один джоуль равен работе, совершаемой силой в один ньютон при перемещении тела на один метр в направлении действия силы.</p><p>$1 \text{ Дж} = 1 \text{ Н} \cdot \text{м}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Работа – это физическая величина, характеризующая процесс перемещения тела под действием силы. Она выражается в джоулях (Дж).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> В каких случаях работа положительна? отрицательна? равна нулю?</p><p>Знак работы зависит от угла $\alpha$ между вектором силы $\vec{F}$ и вектором перемещения $\vec{s}$, что следует из формулы $A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$.</p><p><strong>Работа положительна ($A > 0$):</strong><br>Работа является положительной, если угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения является острым, то есть $0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(\alpha) > 0$. Это означает, что сила (или ее проекция на направление движения) сонаправлена с перемещением и способствует этому движению.<br><em>Пример:</em> Когда мы толкаем санки, и они движутся вперед, работа нашей силы положительна.</p><p><strong>Работа отрицательна ($A < 0$):</strong><br>Работа является отрицательной, если угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения является тупым, то есть $90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(\alpha) < 0$. Это означает, что сила (или ее проекция на направление движения) направлена противоположно перемещению и препятствует ему.<br><em>Пример:</em> Сила трения, действующая на движущиеся санки, совершает отрицательную работу, так как она направлена против движения.</p><p><strong>Работа равна нулю ($A = 0$):</strong><br>Работа равна нулю в трех случаях:<br>1. Приложенная сила равна нулю ($F=0$).<br>2. Перемещение тела равно нулю ($s=0$). <em>Пример:</em> Человек давит на стену, но стена не двигается.<br>3. Угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения равен $90^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$. Сила перпендикулярна перемещению.<br><em>Пример:</em> Сила тяжести, действующая на книгу, которую несут горизонтально, не совершает работы, так как направлена вертикально вниз, а перемещение горизонтально.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Работа положительна, если сила сонаправлена с перемещением ($0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$). Работа отрицательна, если сила направлена противоположно перемещению ($90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$). Работа равна нулю, если сила равна нулю, перемещение равно нулю, или сила перпендикулярна перемещению ($\alpha = 90^\circ$).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437032" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437030" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => 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=> "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1171 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6294 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Шахмаев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => 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"updated_at" => null "name" => "голубой" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "goluboy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1199 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1436679 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/page-120" "field_display_title" => "120" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "120" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1153} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1212 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1702755 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1702755 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436680" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436678" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1704 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1718 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437030 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1719 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1720 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1721 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1722 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1724 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1730 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437030 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1719 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1720 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1721 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1722 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1724 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1730 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1725 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1723 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1732 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1728 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1726 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1729 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1727 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1723 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1732 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1728 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1726 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1729 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1727 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1737 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437032 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1738 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1739 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1740 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1741 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1752 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1757 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437032 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1738 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1739 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1740 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1741 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1752 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1757 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1742 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437033 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1744 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1743 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1749 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1748 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1770 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1772 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437033 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1744 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1743 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1749 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1748 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1770 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1772 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1771 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437034 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1773 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1774 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1775 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1776 …2} …5 ] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1777 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1806 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1436679 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/page-120" "field_display_title" => "120" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "120" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436680" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436678" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1704} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "120" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/28-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437032" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437030" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436679" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2 (с. 120)
Условие. №2 (с. 120)
скриншот условия
2. В каких случаях работа положительна? отрицательна? равна нулю?
Решение. №2 (с. 120)
1. Что такое работа? В каких единицах она выражается?
В механике работа – это физическая величина, являющаяся скалярной количественной мерой действия силы на тело. Работа совершается, когда под действием силы тело перемещается. Она равна произведению модуля силы, модуля перемещения тела и косинуса угла между векторами силы и перемещения.
Математически работа $\text{A}$ вычисляется по формуле:
$A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$
где:
$\text{A}$ – работа,
$\text{F}$ – модуль приложенной силы,
$\text{s}$ – модуль перемещения тела,
$\alpha$ – угол между направлением силы и направлением перемещения.
В Международной системе единиц (СИ) работа измеряется в джоулях (Дж). Один джоуль равен работе, совершаемой силой в один ньютон при перемещении тела на один метр в направлении действия силы.
$1 \text{ Дж} = 1 \text{ Н} \cdot \text{м}$
Ответ: Работа – это физическая величина, характеризующая процесс перемещения тела под действием силы. Она выражается в джоулях (Дж).
2. В каких случаях работа положительна? отрицательна? равна нулю?
Знак работы зависит от угла $\alpha$ между вектором силы $\vec{F}$ и вектором перемещения $\vec{s}$, что следует из формулы $A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$.
Работа положительна ($A > 0$):
Работа является положительной, если угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения является острым, то есть $0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(\alpha) > 0$. Это означает, что сила (или ее проекция на направление движения) сонаправлена с перемещением и способствует этому движению.
Пример: Когда мы толкаем санки, и они движутся вперед, работа нашей силы положительна.
Работа отрицательна ($A < 0$):
Работа является отрицательной, если угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения является тупым, то есть $90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(\alpha) < 0$. Это означает, что сила (или ее проекция на направление движения) направлена противоположно перемещению и препятствует ему.
Пример: Сила трения, действующая на движущиеся санки, совершает отрицательную работу, так как она направлена против движения.
Работа равна нулю ($A = 0$):
Работа равна нулю в трех случаях:
1. Приложенная сила равна нулю ($F=0$).
2. Перемещение тела равно нулю ($s=0$). Пример: Человек давит на стену, но стена не двигается.
3. Угол $\alpha$ между направлением силы и направлением перемещения равен $90^\circ$. В этом случае $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$. Сила перпендикулярна перемещению.
Пример: Сила тяжести, действующая на книгу, которую несут горизонтально, не совершает работы, так как направлена вертикально вниз, а перемещение горизонтально.
Ответ: Работа положительна, если сила сонаправлена с перемещением ($0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$). Работа отрицательна, если сила направлена противоположно перемещению ($90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$). Работа равна нулю, если сила равна нулю, перемещение равно нулю, или сила перпендикулярна перемещению ($\alpha = 90^\circ$).
Другие задания:
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