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Номер 7, страница 133 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Шахмаев, Бунчук
Авторы: Шахмаев Н. М., Бунчук А. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Мнемозина
Год издания: 2007 - 2026
Цвет обложки: голубой
ISBN: 978-5-346-01799-8
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Глава 8. Закон сохранения энергии. Параграф 30. Закон сохранения механической энергии - номер 7, страница 133.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437060 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/30-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" …2 ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения механической энергии" "field_branch_order" => "30" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "128" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436826 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения энергии" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_page_start" => "119" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон сохранения механической энергии" "field_branch_order" => "30" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_page_start" => "128" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1702481 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437060" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>7.</strong> Автомобиль массой 2 т затормозил и остановился, пройдя путь 50 м. Определите работу силы трения и изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля, если дорога горизонтальна, а коэффициент трения равен 0,4.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "7-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1570" "height" => 295 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/0-30/7-1.webp?ts=1759448851" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1702481 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437060" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>7.</strong> Автомобиль массой 2 т затормозил и остановился, пройдя путь 50 м. Определите работу силы трения и изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля, если дорога горизонтальна, а коэффициент трения равен 0,4.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "7-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1570" "height" => 295 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/0-30/7-1.webp?ts=1759448851" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1732402 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437060" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$m = 2 \text{ т} = 2000 \text{ кг}$</p><p>$s = 50 \text{ м}$</p><p>$\mu = 0,4$</p><p>$g \approx 10 \text{ м/с²}$</p><p>Автомобиль остановился, следовательно, его конечная скорость $v_к = 0 \text{ м/с}$.</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$A_{тр}$ — работа силы трения</p><p>$\Delta E_k$ — изменение кинетической энергии</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p><strong>Работа силы трения</strong></p><p>Работа силы определяется формулой $A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos\alpha$, где $\text{F}$ — модуль силы, $\text{s}$ — модуль перемещения, а $\alpha$ — угол между вектором силы и вектором перемещения.</p><p>Сила трения скольжения $F_{тр}$ всегда направлена против движения. Следовательно, угол $\alpha$ между вектором силы трения и вектором перемещения равен $180^\circ$, а $\cos(180^\circ) = -1$.</p><p>Таким образом, работа силы трения вычисляется как $A_{тр} = -F_{тр} \cdot s$.</p><p>Поскольку дорога горизонтальна, сила нормальной реакции опоры $\text{N}$ равна по модулю силе тяжести $mg$: $N = mg$.</p><p>Силу трения найдем по формуле $F_{тр} = \mu N = \mu mg$.</p><p>Подставим числовые значения:</p><p>$F_{тр} = 0,4 \cdot 2000 \text{ кг} \cdot 10 \text{ м/с²} = 8000 \text{ Н}$.</p><p>Теперь можем рассчитать работу силы трения:</p><p>$A_{тр} = -8000 \text{ Н} \cdot 50 \text{ м} = -400000 \text{ Дж} = -400 \text{ кДж}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> работа силы трения равна $-400 \text{ кДж}$.</p><p><strong>Изменение кинетической энергии</strong></p><p>Согласно теореме о кинетической энергии, изменение кинетической энергии тела равно работе всех сил, действующих на него: $\Delta E_k = A_{нет}$.</p><p>При торможении на горизонтальной дороге на автомобиль действуют: сила тяжести, сила нормальной реакции опоры и сила трения. Сила тяжести и сила реакции опоры перпендикулярны направлению движения и, следовательно, работы не совершают. Работа двигателя равна нулю, так как автомобиль тормозит.</p><p>Таким образом, полная работа, совершённая над автомобилем, равна работе силы трения: $A_{нет} = A_{тр}$.</p><p>Следовательно, изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля равно работе силы трения, которую мы уже нашли:</p><p>$\Delta E_k = A_{тр} = -400 \text{ кДж}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля равно $-400 \text{ кДж}$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1732402 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437060" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$m = 2 \text{ т} = 2000 \text{ кг}$</p><p>$s = 50 \text{ м}$</p><p>$\mu = 0,4$</p><p>$g \approx 10 \text{ м/с²}$</p><p>Автомобиль остановился, следовательно, его конечная скорость $v_к = 0 \text{ м/с}$.</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$A_{тр}$ — работа силы трения</p><p>$\Delta E_k$ — изменение кинетической энергии</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p><strong>Работа силы трения</strong></p><p>Работа силы определяется формулой $A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos\alpha$, где $\text{F}$ — модуль силы, $\text{s}$ — модуль перемещения, а $\alpha$ — угол между вектором силы и вектором перемещения.</p><p>Сила трения скольжения $F_{тр}$ всегда направлена против движения. Следовательно, угол $\alpha$ между вектором силы трения и вектором перемещения равен $180^\circ$, а $\cos(180^\circ) = -1$.</p><p>Таким образом, работа силы трения вычисляется как $A_{тр} = -F_{тр} \cdot s$.</p><p>Поскольку дорога горизонтальна, сила нормальной реакции опоры $\text{N}$ равна по модулю силе тяжести $mg$: $N = mg$.</p><p>Силу трения найдем по формуле $F_{тр} = \mu N = \mu mg$.</p><p>Подставим числовые значения:</p><p>$F_{тр} = 0,4 \cdot 2000 \text{ кг} \cdot 10 \text{ м/с²} = 8000 \text{ Н}$.</p><p>Теперь можем рассчитать работу силы трения:</p><p>$A_{тр} = -8000 \text{ Н} \cdot 50 \text{ м} = -400000 \text{ Дж} = -400 \text{ кДж}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> работа силы трения равна $-400 \text{ кДж}$.</p><p><strong>Изменение кинетической энергии</strong></p><p>Согласно теореме о кинетической энергии, изменение кинетической энергии тела равно работе всех сил, действующих на него: $\Delta E_k = A_{нет}$.</p><p>При торможении на горизонтальной дороге на автомобиль действуют: сила тяжести, сила нормальной реакции опоры и сила трения. Сила тяжести и сила реакции опоры перпендикулярны направлению движения и, следовательно, работы не совершают. Работа двигателя равна нулю, так как автомобиль тормозит.</p><p>Таким образом, полная работа, совершённая над автомобилем, равна работе силы трения: $A_{нет} = A_{тр}$.</p><p>Следовательно, изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля равно работе силы трения, которую мы уже нашли:</p><p>$\Delta E_k = A_{тр} = -400 \text{ кДж}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля равно $-400 \text{ кДж}$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437061" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437059" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1150 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1152 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1154 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1156 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5155 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5155 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6294 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Шахмаев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Михайлович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6294 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Шахмаев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Михайлович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3942 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бунчук" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Алексей" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3942 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бунчук" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Алексей" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1162 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1164 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1166 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1172 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1178 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 52 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "голубой" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "goluboy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 52 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "голубой" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "goluboy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1485 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1183 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1436692 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/page-133" "field_display_title" => "133" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "133" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1187 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1218 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1702768 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1702768 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436693" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436691" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1227 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437054 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/30-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1369 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1380 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437054 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/30-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1369 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1380 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null 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#hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1437 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437059 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/30-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1438 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1439 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1440 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1441 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1442 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1459 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437059 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/30-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1438 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1439 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1440 …2} "parent_branches" => 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#attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437060 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "133" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/30-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection 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№7 (с. 133)
Условие. №7 (с. 133)
скриншот условия
7. Автомобиль массой 2 т затормозил и остановился, пройдя путь 50 м. Определите работу силы трения и изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля, если дорога горизонтальна, а коэффициент трения равен 0,4.
Решение. №7 (с. 133)
Дано:
$m = 2 \text{ т} = 2000 \text{ кг}$
$s = 50 \text{ м}$
$\mu = 0,4$
$g \approx 10 \text{ м/с²}$
Автомобиль остановился, следовательно, его конечная скорость $v_к = 0 \text{ м/с}$.
Найти:
$A_{тр}$ — работа силы трения
$\Delta E_k$ — изменение кинетической энергии
Решение:
Работа силы трения
Работа силы определяется формулой $A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos\alpha$, где $\text{F}$ — модуль силы, $\text{s}$ — модуль перемещения, а $\alpha$ — угол между вектором силы и вектором перемещения.
Сила трения скольжения $F_{тр}$ всегда направлена против движения. Следовательно, угол $\alpha$ между вектором силы трения и вектором перемещения равен $180^\circ$, а $\cos(180^\circ) = -1$.
Таким образом, работа силы трения вычисляется как $A_{тр} = -F_{тр} \cdot s$.
Поскольку дорога горизонтальна, сила нормальной реакции опоры $\text{N}$ равна по модулю силе тяжести $mg$: $N = mg$.
Силу трения найдем по формуле $F_{тр} = \mu N = \mu mg$.
Подставим числовые значения:
$F_{тр} = 0,4 \cdot 2000 \text{ кг} \cdot 10 \text{ м/с²} = 8000 \text{ Н}$.
Теперь можем рассчитать работу силы трения:
$A_{тр} = -8000 \text{ Н} \cdot 50 \text{ м} = -400000 \text{ Дж} = -400 \text{ кДж}$.
Ответ: работа силы трения равна $-400 \text{ кДж}$.
Изменение кинетической энергии
Согласно теореме о кинетической энергии, изменение кинетической энергии тела равно работе всех сил, действующих на него: $\Delta E_k = A_{нет}$.
При торможении на горизонтальной дороге на автомобиль действуют: сила тяжести, сила нормальной реакции опоры и сила трения. Сила тяжести и сила реакции опоры перпендикулярны направлению движения и, следовательно, работы не совершают. Работа двигателя равна нулю, так как автомобиль тормозит.
Таким образом, полная работа, совершённая над автомобилем, равна работе силы трения: $A_{нет} = A_{тр}$.
Следовательно, изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля равно работе силы трения, которую мы уже нашли:
$\Delta E_k = A_{тр} = -400 \text{ кДж}$.
Ответ: изменение кинетической энергии автомобиля равно $-400 \text{ кДж}$.
Другие задания:
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