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Номер 3, страница 71 - гдз по химии 9 класс учебник Габриелян, Остроумов
Авторы: Габриелян О. С., Остроумов И. Г., Сладков С. А.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый, синий
ISBN: 978-5-09-110655-8
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Глава III. Неметаллы и их соединения. §12. Соединения галогенов. Проверьте свои знания - номер 3, страница 71.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 645257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 644926 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Неметаллы и их соединения" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "55" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1879 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1077 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4061 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Габриелян" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Олег" "field_patronymic" => "Саргисович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4061 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Габриелян" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Олег" "field_patronymic" => "Саргисович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5402 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Остроумов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Игорь" "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5402 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Остроумов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Игорь" "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1079 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5786 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Сладков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Сергей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5786 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Сладков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Сергей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1084 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "507" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_09/gabrielyan/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-110655-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_09/gabrielyan/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738590364" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_09/gabrielyan/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738590364" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1603" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => "<!--text2--> <h2> Законы химии с ГДЗ </h2> <p> На девятом году обучения школьникам придется много времени тратить на подготовку к ОГЭ. Некоторые ребята выбирают для сдачи такой предмет как химия, особенно если в дальнейшем собираются поступать на биологическую специальность. Поэтому им необходимо как можно лучше усвоить текущий материал, ведь он включает в себя достаточно сложные моменты. В этот период ученикам нужен хороший помощник, которым станет <strong>ГДЗ по химии 9 класс к учебнику Габриеляна, Остроумова, Сладкова (Просвещение, 2019-2023 гг.)</strong>. </p> <p> Как правило, больше всего трудностей у учащихся вызывают такие темы как: </p> <ol> <li>Электролитическая диссоциация.</li> <li>Химические свойства кислот как электролитов.</li> <li>Гидролиз солей.</li> <li>Аммиак. Соли аммония.</li> <li>Кислородсодержащие органические соединения.</li> <li>Химические свойства металлов.</li> </ol> <p> Естественно, подросткам стоит внимательно слушать на уроках учителя. Но случаются разные ситуации, когда пояснения преподавателя могут остаться незамеченными или недопонятыми. Тогда девятиклассникам приходится самостоятельно разбирать пройденные параграфы, с чем справляются далеко не все. Некоторые и вовсе лишь вскользь проходят теорию, считая, что и так все поймут. С решебником ребята с любым уровнем знаний получают возможность всесторонне изучить программу по предмету. </p> <h2> Пройти практику можно с ГДЗ к учебнику Габриеляна </h2> <p> Химия нравится многим школьникам, так как на уроках учителя показывают много увлекательных и интересных опытов. Да и в целом эта наука способна по-настоящему увлечь. Конечно, трудности неизбежны, особенно при решении уравнений. Поэтому ученикам нужно запоминать все формулы, иначе они рискуют наделать много ошибок. <strong>Решебник Габриеляна по химии 9 класс</strong>, написанный в соответствии с ФГОС, позволит разобраться во всех непонятных темах и хорошо усвоить новую информацию. </p> <p> Благодаря сведениям, почерпнутым из справочника, учащиеся получают возможность: </p> <ol> <li>научиться правильно решать сложные задачи;</li> <li>без ошибок выполнять самые обширные домашние задания;</li> <li>дополнительно тренироваться для отработки практики;</li> <li>выявлять свои слабые места.</li> </ol> <p> Практические номера имеют важное значение для понимания теоретических законов химии. Подростки учатся находить основу химических явлений, основываясь на сделанных расчетах. Стоит допустить ошибку, как простая реакция может обернуться глобальным взрывом, способным уничтожить всю планету. С помощью решебника девятиклассники точно поймут когда и какие действия они должны совершать, чтобы добиться нужного результата. </p> <h2> Влияет ли решебник на оценки? </h2> <p> Уроки по предмету, хоть и важны, но на них в школе отводится очень мало времени. Как правило, это 1-2 часа в неделю. При этом объемы и сложность информации, которую нужно понять и запомнить весьма велики. Так что порой без помощи ребятам бывает очень трудно справиться с полученными заданиями. Поэтому использование <strong>сборника ответов по химии для 9 класса автор Габриелян (ФГОС)</strong> можно считать не просто прихотью ленивых учеников, а насущной необходимостью для каждого школьника. </p> <p> Применяя пособие для систематических занятий, подростки: </p> <ul> <li>лучше разберутся в дисциплине;</li> <li>поднимут успеваемость по предмету;</li> <li>станут добиваться хороших оценок по тестированиям;</li> <li>не будут зависеть от помощи со стороны.</li> </ul> <p> В издании есть все необходимое, от верных ответов до дополнительных комментариев авторов, что позволит досконально освоить учебный материал самостоятельно. Но имеются и свои нюансы при работе с решебником. Если просто списывать из него готовые решения, то пользы это не принесет. 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Некоторые ребята выбирают для сдачи такой предмет как химия, особенно если в дальнейшем собираются поступать на биологическую специальность. Поэтому им необходимо как можно лучше усвоить текущий материал, ведь он включает в себя достаточно сложные моменты. В этот период ученикам нужен хороший помощник, которым станет <strong>ГДЗ по химии 9 класс к учебнику Габриеляна, Остроумова, Сладкова (Просвещение, 2019-2023 гг.)</strong>. </p> <p> Как правило, больше всего трудностей у учащихся вызывают такие темы как: </p> <ol> <li>Электролитическая диссоциация.</li> <li>Химические свойства кислот как электролитов.</li> <li>Гидролиз солей.</li> <li>Аммиак. Соли аммония.</li> <li>Кислородсодержащие органические соединения.</li> <li>Химические свойства металлов.</li> </ol> <p> Естественно, подросткам стоит внимательно слушать на уроках учителя. Но случаются разные ситуации, когда пояснения преподавателя могут остаться незамеченными или недопонятыми. Тогда девятиклассникам приходится самостоятельно разбирать пройденные параграфы, с чем справляются далеко не все. Некоторые и вовсе лишь вскользь проходят теорию, считая, что и так все поймут. С решебником ребята с любым уровнем знаний получают возможность всесторонне изучить программу по предмету. </p> <h2> Пройти практику можно с ГДЗ к учебнику Габриеляна </h2> <p> Химия нравится многим школьникам, так как на уроках учителя показывают много увлекательных и интересных опытов. Да и в целом эта наука способна по-настоящему увлечь. Конечно, трудности неизбежны, особенно при решении уравнений. Поэтому ученикам нужно запоминать все формулы, иначе они рискуют наделать много ошибок. <strong>Решебник Габриеляна по химии 9 класс</strong>, написанный в соответствии с ФГОС, позволит разобраться во всех непонятных темах и хорошо усвоить новую информацию. </p> <p> Благодаря сведениям, почерпнутым из справочника, учащиеся получают возможность: </p> <ol> <li>научиться правильно решать сложные задачи;</li> <li>без ошибок выполнять самые обширные домашние задания;</li> <li>дополнительно тренироваться для отработки практики;</li> <li>выявлять свои слабые места.</li> </ol> <p> Практические номера имеют важное значение для понимания теоретических законов химии. Подростки учатся находить основу химических явлений, основываясь на сделанных расчетах. Стоит допустить ошибку, как простая реакция может обернуться глобальным взрывом, способным уничтожить всю планету. С помощью решебника девятиклассники точно поймут когда и какие действия они должны совершать, чтобы добиться нужного результата. </p> <h2> Влияет ли решебник на оценки? </h2> <p> Уроки по предмету, хоть и важны, но на них в школе отводится очень мало времени. Как правило, это 1-2 часа в неделю. При этом объемы и сложность информации, которую нужно понять и запомнить весьма велики. Так что порой без помощи ребятам бывает очень трудно справиться с полученными заданиями. Поэтому использование <strong>сборника ответов по химии для 9 класса автор Габриелян (ФГОС)</strong> можно считать не просто прихотью ленивых учеников, а насущной необходимостью для каждого школьника. </p> <p> Применяя пособие для систематических занятий, подростки: </p> <ul> <li>лучше разберутся в дисциплине;</li> <li>поднимут успеваемость по предмету;</li> <li>станут добиваться хороших оценок по тестированиям;</li> <li>не будут зависеть от помощи со стороны.</li> </ul> <p> В издании есть все необходимое, от верных ответов до дополнительных комментариев авторов, что позволит досконально освоить учебный материал самостоятельно. Но имеются и свои нюансы при работе с решебником. Если просто списывать из него готовые решения, то пользы это не принесет. Только анализ выполненных д/з и тщательный разбор всех приведенных в сборнике сведений поможет приобрести необходимые знания. </p>" "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 499 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 644926 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Неметаллы и их соединения" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "55" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 644926 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Неметаллы и их соединения" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "55" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 644926 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Неметаллы и их соединения" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_page_start" => "55" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 644938 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "§12. Соединения галогенов" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 644938 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "§12. Соединения галогенов" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 644940 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Проверьте свои знания" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "71" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1147 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 644938 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "§12. Соединения галогенов" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 644938 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "§12. Соединения галогенов" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 644940 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Проверьте свои знания" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_page_start" => "71" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 801936 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1108 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1788 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1788 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> С помощью какого реактива можно распознать галогенид-ионы? Какой ион является исключением? Как его распознают?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1705" "height" => 168 "path" => "/media/himiya_09/gabrielyan/0-12p/3-1.webp?ts=1738671405" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 801936 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> С помощью какого реактива можно распознать галогенид-ионы? Какой ион является исключением? Как его распознают?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1705" "height" => 168 "path" => "/media/himiya_09/gabrielyan/0-12p/3-1.webp?ts=1738671405" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 802272 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1102 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1789 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Гайдукевич" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1789 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Гайдукевич" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645257" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "1665" "height" => 620 "path" => "/media/himiya_09/gabrielyan/1-12p/3-1.webp?ts=1738671478" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 802272 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645257" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "1665" "height" => 620 "path" => "/media/himiya_09/gabrielyan/1-12p/3-1.webp?ts=1738671478" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1517450 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5573 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5573 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>С помощью какого реактива можно распознать галогенид-ионы?</strong><br>Для качественного определения галогенид-ионов (хлорид-, бромид- и иодид-ионов) в растворе используется реактив — <strong>нитрат серебра ($AgNO_3$)</strong>. При добавлении раствора нитрата серебра к раствору, содержащему эти ионы, образуются нерастворимые в воде и азотной кислоте осадки галогенидов серебра, которые различаются по цвету:<br>- Хлорид-ионы ($Cl^-$) образуют с ионами серебра ($Ag^+$) белый творожистый осадок хлорида серебра ($AgCl$):<br>$Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl \downarrow$<br>- Бромид-ионы ($Br^-$) образуют светло-желтый (кремовый) осадок бромида серебра ($AgBr$):<br>$Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr \downarrow$<br>- Иодид-ионы ($I^-$) образуют желтый осадок иодида серебра ($AgI$):<br>$Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI \downarrow$</p><p><strong>Какой ион является исключением?</strong><br>Исключением среди галогенид-ионов является <strong>фторид-ион ($F^-$)</strong>. В отличие от других галогенидов серебра, фторид серебра ($AgF$) хорошо растворим в воде, поэтому при добавлении нитрата серебра к раствору, содержащему фторид-ионы, осадок не выпадает.</p><p><strong>Как его распознают?</strong><br>Распознать фторид-ионы можно с помощью другого реактива. Качественной реакцией на фторид-ион является его взаимодействие с ионами кальция ($Ca^{2+}$), которые можно добавить в виде раствора растворимой соли кальция, например, хлорида кальция ($CaCl_2$) или нитрата кальция ($Ca(NO_3)_2$). В результате реакции образуется малорастворимый белый осадок или помутнение раствора из-за образования фторида кальция ($CaF_2$).<br>Уравнение реакции в ионном виде:<br>$Ca^{2+} + 2F^- \rightarrow CaF_2 \downarrow$<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> Галогенид-ионы (хлорид-, бромид-, иодид-ионы) распознают с помощью раствора нитрата серебра ($AgNO_3$) по образованию характерных осадков. Исключением является фторид-ион ($F^-$), так как фторид серебра ($AgF$) растворим в воде. Фторид-ионы распознают с помощью растворимых солей кальция (например, $CaCl_2$), с которыми они образуют белый осадок фторида кальция ($CaF_2$).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1517450 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>С помощью какого реактива можно распознать галогенид-ионы?</strong><br>Для качественного определения галогенид-ионов (хлорид-, бромид- и иодид-ионов) в растворе используется реактив — <strong>нитрат серебра ($AgNO_3$)</strong>. При добавлении раствора нитрата серебра к раствору, содержащему эти ионы, образуются нерастворимые в воде и азотной кислоте осадки галогенидов серебра, которые различаются по цвету:<br>- Хлорид-ионы ($Cl^-$) образуют с ионами серебра ($Ag^+$) белый творожистый осадок хлорида серебра ($AgCl$):<br>$Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl \downarrow$<br>- Бромид-ионы ($Br^-$) образуют светло-желтый (кремовый) осадок бромида серебра ($AgBr$):<br>$Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr \downarrow$<br>- Иодид-ионы ($I^-$) образуют желтый осадок иодида серебра ($AgI$):<br>$Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI \downarrow$</p><p><strong>Какой ион является исключением?</strong><br>Исключением среди галогенид-ионов является <strong>фторид-ион ($F^-$)</strong>. В отличие от других галогенидов серебра, фторид серебра ($AgF$) хорошо растворим в воде, поэтому при добавлении нитрата серебра к раствору, содержащему фторид-ионы, осадок не выпадает.</p><p><strong>Как его распознают?</strong><br>Распознать фторид-ионы можно с помощью другого реактива. Качественной реакцией на фторид-ион является его взаимодействие с ионами кальция ($Ca^{2+}$), которые можно добавить в виде раствора растворимой соли кальция, например, хлорида кальция ($CaCl_2$) или нитрата кальция ($Ca(NO_3)_2$). В результате реакции образуется малорастворимый белый осадок или помутнение раствора из-за образования фторида кальция ($CaF_2$).<br>Уравнение реакции в ионном виде:<br>$Ca^{2+} + 2F^- \rightarrow CaF_2 \downarrow$<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> Галогенид-ионы (хлорид-, бромид-, иодид-ионы) распознают с помощью раствора нитрата серебра ($AgNO_3$) по образованию характерных осадков. Исключением является фторид-ион ($F^-$), так как фторид серебра ($AgF$) растворим в воде. Фторид-ионы распознают с помощью растворимых солей кальция (например, $CaCl_2$), с которыми они образуют белый осадок фторида кальция ($CaF_2$).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645258" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "645256" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 930985 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/page-71" "field_display_title" => "71" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "71" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1105377 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1105377 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "930986" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "930984" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 #items: array:12 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1246 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 645255 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 645255 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1252 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 645256 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 645256 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1257 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 645257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 645257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" …22 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1269 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1323 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1326 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1345 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1332 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1321 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1305 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1420 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 11 => App\Models\Task {#1423 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 930985 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/page-71" "field_display_title" => "71" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "71" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "930986" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "930984" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 645257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "71" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/himiya/gabrielyan-ostroumov-uchebnik/12p-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => 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№3 (с. 71)
Условие. №3 (с. 71)
скриншот условия
3. С помощью какого реактива можно распознать галогенид-ионы? Какой ион является исключением? Как его распознают?
Решение. №3 (с. 71)
Решение 2. №3 (с. 71)
С помощью какого реактива можно распознать галогенид-ионы?
Для качественного определения галогенид-ионов (хлорид-, бромид- и иодид-ионов) в растворе используется реактив — нитрат серебра ($AgNO_3$). При добавлении раствора нитрата серебра к раствору, содержащему эти ионы, образуются нерастворимые в воде и азотной кислоте осадки галогенидов серебра, которые различаются по цвету:
- Хлорид-ионы ($Cl^-$) образуют с ионами серебра ($Ag^+$) белый творожистый осадок хлорида серебра ($AgCl$):
$Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl \downarrow$
- Бромид-ионы ($Br^-$) образуют светло-желтый (кремовый) осадок бромида серебра ($AgBr$):
$Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr \downarrow$
- Иодид-ионы ($I^-$) образуют желтый осадок иодида серебра ($AgI$):
$Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI \downarrow$
Какой ион является исключением?
Исключением среди галогенид-ионов является фторид-ион ($F^-$). В отличие от других галогенидов серебра, фторид серебра ($AgF$) хорошо растворим в воде, поэтому при добавлении нитрата серебра к раствору, содержащему фторид-ионы, осадок не выпадает.
Как его распознают?
Распознать фторид-ионы можно с помощью другого реактива. Качественной реакцией на фторид-ион является его взаимодействие с ионами кальция ($Ca^{2+}$), которые можно добавить в виде раствора растворимой соли кальция, например, хлорида кальция ($CaCl_2$) или нитрата кальция ($Ca(NO_3)_2$). В результате реакции образуется малорастворимый белый осадок или помутнение раствора из-за образования фторида кальция ($CaF_2$).
Уравнение реакции в ионном виде:
$Ca^{2+} + 2F^- \rightarrow CaF_2 \downarrow$
Ответ: Галогенид-ионы (хлорид-, бромид-, иодид-ионы) распознают с помощью раствора нитрата серебра ($AgNO_3$) по образованию характерных осадков. Исключением является фторид-ион ($F^-$), так как фторид серебра ($AgF$) растворим в воде. Фторид-ионы распознают с помощью растворимых солей кальция (например, $CaCl_2$), с которыми они образуют белый осадок фторида кальция ($CaF_2$).
Другие задания:
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