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Номер 4, страница 160, часть 1 - гдз по Истории России 9 класс учебник Арсентьев, Данилов
Авторы: Арсентьев Н. М., Данилов А. А., Левандовский А. А., Токарева А. Я., Торкунов А. В., Дмитриев А. П.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Часть: 1
Цвет обложки: белый, красный с императором
ISBN: 978-5-09-102256-8
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Часть 1. Тема III. Россия в правление Александра II. Параграф 26. Внешняя политика Александра II. Русско-турецкая война 1877—1878 гг.. Повторяем и делаем выводы - номер 4, страница 160.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 763408 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik/26-6-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 762842 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "7" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" ] "field_branch_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 1" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с императором" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "649" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102256-8" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} …40 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 762842 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "7" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" ] "field_branch_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 1" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1214 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 762842 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1215 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ …7] #original: array:7 [ …7] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "7" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" ] "field_branch_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 1" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1216 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1220 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1222 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1224 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1226 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1227 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1228 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1229 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1230 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Term {#1231 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1234 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1236 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1238 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1243 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1245 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1230} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с императором" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "649" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102256-8" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" 1 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1739543153" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "часть 1" 1 => "часть 2" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 1" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 2" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1588" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1251 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1252 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 551 "class_subject" => 485 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с императором" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "649" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102256-8" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" 1 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1739543153" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "часть 1" 1 => "часть 2" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 1" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 2" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1588" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249} "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 551 "class_subject" => 485 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 762842 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "field_page_start" => "7" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" ] "field_branch_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739543153" "alt" => "часть 1" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1254 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 762920 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Россия в правление Александра II" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1256 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ …7] #original: array:7 [ …7] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "111" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 762920 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Россия в правление Александра II" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259} "field_page_start" => "111" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1260 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 762946 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Внешняя политика Александра II. Русско-турецкая война 1877—1878 гг." "field_branch_order" => "26" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1261 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ …7] #original: array:7 [ …7] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "152" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1262 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 762946 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Внешняя политика Александра II. Русско-турецкая война 1877—1878 гг." "field_branch_order" => "26" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264} "field_page_start" => "152" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Branch {#1346 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 762951 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторяем и делаем выводы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1347 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "160" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1358 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1357 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 762951 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторяем и делаем выводы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1347} "field_page_start" => "160" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1358} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1188 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 956800 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1187 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Проанализируйте реформы 1860-1870-х гг. Сделайте вывод об их влиянии на социально-экономическое развитие страны.</strong></p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1609" "height" => 163 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/0-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648415" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 956800 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Проанализируйте реформы 1860-1870-х гг. Сделайте вывод об их влиянии на социально-экономическое развитие страны.</strong></p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1609" "height" => 163 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/0-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648415" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1171 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 957365 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1172 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>В период правления Александра II в России были проведены либеральные реформы, затронувшие все стороны общественной жизни. Земская и городская реформы сыграли важную положительную роль, заложили основы системы самоуправления. Благодаря реформам первоначальные навыки управления и общественной работы получили значительные слои населения. Реформы закладывали зачатки, пусть весьма робкие, гражданского общества и правового государства. Вместе с тем они сохраняли сословные преимущества дворян, а также имели ограничения для национальных районов страны.</p><p>Таблица «Либеральные реформы 1860-1870-х гг.»</p><div class="table-wrap"><table><tr><td><b>Название реформы</b></td><td><b>Основное содержание</b></td><td><b>Значение</b></td></tr><tr><td>Земская</td><td>Создание в уездах и губерниях новых органов управления - земств.</td><td>Способствовала приобщению широких слоев населения к вопросам управления.</td></tr><tr><td>Городская</td><td>Введение в стране всесословных органов управления - городских дум.</td><td>Способствовала приобщению широких слоев населения к вопросам управления.</td></tr><tr><td>Судебная</td><td>Реформа сохранила Сенат как высшую судебную инстанцию. Были созданы три типа судов: мировой суд, окружной суд и судебная палата. Реформа устанавливала гласность судебных процессов: судебные заседания проходили открыто, в присутствии публики; отчёты о процессах, представлявших общественный интерес, печатали газеты. Также устанавливалась состязательность сторон.</td><td>Совершенствование судебной системы.</td></tr><tr><td>Военная</td><td>- Реформирование военно-учебных заведений - создание военных гимназий.<br>- Введение всеобщей воинской повинности в 1874 г..<br>- В армии были отменены телесные наказания (наказание розгами сохранялось только для штрафников), улучшено питание, переоборудованы казармы, вводилось обучение солдат грамоте.<br>- Перевооружение армии и флота.<br>- Изменялась система боевой подготовки. Был издан ряд новых уставов, наставлений, учебных пособий, которые ставили задачу учить солдат лишь тому, что необходимо на войне, значительно сократив время на строевую подготовку.<br>- Реформирование местного военного управления.</td><td>Была сформирована массовая, боеспособная армии.</td></tr></table></div>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2002" "height" => 2823 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/1-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648408" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1990" "height" => 2698 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/1-26-6/4-2.webp?ts=1739648408" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 957365 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>В период правления Александра II в России были проведены либеральные реформы, затронувшие все стороны общественной жизни. Земская и городская реформы сыграли важную положительную роль, заложили основы системы самоуправления. Благодаря реформам первоначальные навыки управления и общественной работы получили значительные слои населения. Реформы закладывали зачатки, пусть весьма робкие, гражданского общества и правового государства. Вместе с тем они сохраняли сословные преимущества дворян, а также имели ограничения для национальных районов страны.</p><p>Таблица «Либеральные реформы 1860-1870-х гг.»</p><div class="table-wrap"><table><tr><td><b>Название реформы</b></td><td><b>Основное содержание</b></td><td><b>Значение</b></td></tr><tr><td>Земская</td><td>Создание в уездах и губерниях новых органов управления - земств.</td><td>Способствовала приобщению широких слоев населения к вопросам управления.</td></tr><tr><td>Городская</td><td>Введение в стране всесословных органов управления - городских дум.</td><td>Способствовала приобщению широких слоев населения к вопросам управления.</td></tr><tr><td>Судебная</td><td>Реформа сохранила Сенат как высшую судебную инстанцию. Были созданы три типа судов: мировой суд, окружной суд и судебная палата. Реформа устанавливала гласность судебных процессов: судебные заседания проходили открыто, в присутствии публики; отчёты о процессах, представлявших общественный интерес, печатали газеты. Также устанавливалась состязательность сторон.</td><td>Совершенствование судебной системы.</td></tr><tr><td>Военная</td><td>- Реформирование военно-учебных заведений - создание военных гимназий.<br>- Введение всеобщей воинской повинности в 1874 г..<br>- В армии были отменены телесные наказания (наказание розгами сохранялось только для штрафников), улучшено питание, переоборудованы казармы, вводилось обучение солдат грамоте.<br>- Перевооружение армии и флота.<br>- Изменялась система боевой подготовки. Был издан ряд новых уставов, наставлений, учебных пособий, которые ставили задачу учить солдат лишь тому, что необходимо на войне, значительно сократив время на строевую подготовку.<br>- Реформирование местного военного управления.</td><td>Была сформирована массовая, боеспособная армии.</td></tr></table></div>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2002" "height" => 2823 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/1-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648408" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1990" "height" => 2698 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/1-26-6/4-2.webp?ts=1739648408" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1182 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 957309 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1180 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1909" "height" => 329 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/2-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648354" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1857" "height" => 376 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/2-26-6/4-2.webp?ts=1739648354" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 957309 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1909" "height" => 329 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/2-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648354" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1857" "height" => 376 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/2-26-6/4-2.webp?ts=1739648354" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1163 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 957670 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:3 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1918" "height" => 2867 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/3-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648533" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1918" "height" => 2938 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/3-26-6/4-2.webp?ts=1739648533" ] 2 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-3.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1918" "height" => 469 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/3-26-6/4-3.webp?ts=1739648533" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 957670 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763408" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:3 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1918" "height" => 2867 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/3-26-6/4-1.webp?ts=1739648533" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1918" "height" => 2938 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/3-26-6/4-2.webp?ts=1739648533" ] 2 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-3.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1918" "height" => 469 "path" => "/media/istoriya_09/arsentev-u23/3-26-6/4-3.webp?ts=1739648533" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763409" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763407" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1164 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 941206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik/page-1-160" "field_display_title" => "160" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "160" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1214} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "941207" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "941205" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1495 #items: array:11 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1513 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1680 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1762 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1749 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1733 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1714 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1693 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1644 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1666 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1651 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1603 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 941206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik/page-1-160" "field_display_title" => "160" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "160" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "941207" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "941205" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1495} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 763408 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/istoriya/arsentev-uchebnik/26-6-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763409" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "763407" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "941206" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№4 (с. 160)
Условие. №4 (с. 160)
скриншот условия
Проанализируйте реформы 1860-1870-х гг. Сделайте вывод об их влиянии на социально-экономическое развитие страны.
Решение 1. №4 (с. 160)
скриншот решения
В период правления Александра II в России были проведены либеральные реформы, затронувшие все стороны общественной жизни. Земская и городская реформы сыграли важную положительную роль, заложили основы системы самоуправления. Благодаря реформам первоначальные навыки управления и общественной работы получили значительные слои населения. Реформы закладывали зачатки, пусть весьма робкие, гражданского общества и правового государства. Вместе с тем они сохраняли сословные преимущества дворян, а также имели ограничения для национальных районов страны.
Таблица «Либеральные реформы 1860-1870-х гг.»
| Название реформы | Основное содержание | Значение |
| Земская | Создание в уездах и губерниях новых органов управления - земств. | Способствовала приобщению широких слоев населения к вопросам управления. |
| Городская | Введение в стране всесословных органов управления - городских дум. | Способствовала приобщению широких слоев населения к вопросам управления. |
| Судебная | Реформа сохранила Сенат как высшую судебную инстанцию. Были созданы три типа судов: мировой суд, окружной суд и судебная палата. Реформа устанавливала гласность судебных процессов: судебные заседания проходили открыто, в присутствии публики; отчёты о процессах, представлявших общественный интерес, печатали газеты. Также устанавливалась состязательность сторон. | Совершенствование судебной системы. |
| Военная | - Реформирование военно-учебных заведений - создание военных гимназий. - Введение всеобщей воинской повинности в 1874 г.. - В армии были отменены телесные наказания (наказание розгами сохранялось только для штрафников), улучшено питание, переоборудованы казармы, вводилось обучение солдат грамоте. - Перевооружение армии и флота. - Изменялась система боевой подготовки. Был издан ряд новых уставов, наставлений, учебных пособий, которые ставили задачу учить солдат лишь тому, что необходимо на войне, значительно сократив время на строевую подготовку. - Реформирование местного военного управления. | Была сформирована массовая, боеспособная армии. |
Решение 2 (краткие ответы). №4 (с. 160)
Решение 3 (подробные ответы). №4 (с. 160)
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