Номер 20, страница 93, часть 2 - гдз по алгебре 10 класс учебник Пак, Ардакулы

Авторы: Пак О. В., Ардакулы Д., Ескендирова Е. В.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Алматыкітап баспасы

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Часть: 2

ISBN: 978-601-01-3958-9

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Часть 2. Глава 6. Применение производной. Параграф 2. Экстремумы и критические точки - номер 20, страница 93.

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                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматыкітап баспасы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almatykitap baspasy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 7006
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматыкітап баспасы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almatykitap baspasy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1126
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7007
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Пак"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Олег"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7007
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Пак"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Олег"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1127
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7008
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ардакулы"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Дархан"
                            "field_patronymic" => null
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7008
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ардакулы"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Дархан"
                            "field_patronymic" => null
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Term {#1128
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7009
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ескендирова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Елена"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Викторовна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7009
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ескендирова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Елена"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Викторовна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1131
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1133
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1135
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 10 класса общеобразовательной школы общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
                    "field_priority" => "6"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-01-3958-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752152865"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752152865"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1940"
                        "height" => "2895"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/baspasy-pak-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
                      "subject" => 542
                      "class_subject" => 387
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4295
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139}
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 10 класса общеобразовательной школы общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
                    "field_priority" => "6"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-01-3958-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752152865"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752152865"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1940"
                        "height" => "2895"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/baspasy-pak-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
                      "subject" => 542
                      "class_subject" => 387
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119426
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119}
            "field_page_start" => "5"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1147
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119442
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Применение производной"
            "field_branch_order" => "6"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1149
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
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            "text" => "<p><strong>20. (3)</strong> Найдите точки локальных экстремумов для следующих функций:</p><p><strong>а)</strong> $f(x) = \cos x$;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $g(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x - \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}\right)$;</p><p><strong>В)</strong> $g(x) = \cos\left(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) + \cos\left(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - 2x.$</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>20. (3)</strong> Найдите точки локальных экстремумов для следующих функций:</p><p><strong>а)</strong> $f(x) = \cos x$;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $g(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x - \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}\right)$;</p><p><strong>В)</strong> $g(x) = \cos\left(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) + \cos\left(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - 2x.$</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> $f(x) = \cos x$</p><p>Для нахождения точек локальных экстремумов необходимо найти производную функции, приравнять ее к нулю и исследовать знак производной в окрестности найденных точек (или использовать вторую производную).</p><p>1. Находим первую производную функции:</p><p>$f'(x) = (\cos x)' = -\sin x$.</p><p>2. Находим критические точки, решая уравнение $f'(x) = 0$:</p><p>$-\sin x = 0 \implies \sin x = 0$.</p><p>Корнями этого уравнения являются $x = k\pi$, где $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>3. Для определения типа экстремума используем вторую производную:</p><p>$f''(x) = (-\sin x)' = -\cos x$.</p><p>Подставляем критические точки в $f''(x)$:</p><p>$f''(k\pi) = -\cos(k\pi)$.</p><p>Если $k$ — четное число ($k=2n$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}$), то $x=2n\pi$. $f''(2n\pi) = -\cos(2n\pi) = -1 < 0$. Следовательно, в этих точках находятся локальные максимумы.</p><p>Если $k$ — нечетное число ($k=2n+1$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}$), то $x=(2n+1)\pi$. $f''((2n+1)\pi) = -\cos((2n+1)\pi) = -(-1) = 1 > 0$. Следовательно, в этих точках находятся локальные минимумы.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> точки локального максимума $x = 2k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = \pi + 2k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $g(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x - \sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$</p><p>1. Находим первую производную функции:</p><p>$g'(x) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x)' - (\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}))' = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) \cdot (\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})' = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) \cdot (-\frac{1}{2})$.</p><p>$g'(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$.</p><p>2. Находим критические точки из уравнения $g'(x) = 0$:</p><p>$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) = 0 \implies \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$.</p><p>Отсюда $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \pm \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, где $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>Рассмотрим два случая:</p><p>Случай 1: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies -\frac{x}{2} = \frac{7\pi}{12} + 2k\pi \implies x = -\frac{7\pi}{6} - 4k\pi$.</p><p>Случай 2: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = -\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies -\frac{x}{2} = -\frac{13\pi}{12} + 2k\pi \implies x = \frac{13\pi}{6} - 4k\pi$.</p><p>3. Находим вторую производную:</p><p>$g''(x) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}))' = \frac{1}{2}(-\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})) \cdot (-\frac{1}{2}) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$.</p><p>В точках из случая 1: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, поэтому $g''(x) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(\frac{5\pi}{6}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{8} > 0$. Это точки локального минимума.</p><p>В точках из случая 2: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = -\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, поэтому $g''(x) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(-\frac{5\pi}{6}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (-\frac{1}{2}) = -\frac{1}{8} < 0$. Это точки локального максимума.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> точки локального максимума $x = \frac{13\pi}{6} + 4k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = -\frac{7\pi}{6} + 4k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p><strong>в)</strong> $g(x) = \cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}) + \cos(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}) - 2x$</p><p>1. Упростим функцию, используя формулу суммы косинусов $\cos\alpha + \cos\beta = 2\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}$:</p><p>$\cos(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}) + \cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}) = 2\cos(\frac{4x - \pi/6}{2})\cos(\frac{\pi/2}{2}) = 2\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})\cos(\frac{\pi}{4}) = \sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})$.</p><p>Функция принимает вид: $g(x) = \sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2x$.</p><p>2. Находим первую производную:</p><p>$g'(x) = (\sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2x)' = \sqrt{2}(-\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})) \cdot 2 - 2 = -2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2$.</p><p>3. Находим критические точки из уравнения $g'(x) = 0$:</p><p>$-2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2 = 0 \implies \sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.</p><p>Отсюда получаем две серии решений:</p><p>Случай 1: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi \implies 2x = -\frac{\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies x = -\frac{\pi}{12} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>Случай 2: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = \frac{5\pi}{4} + 2k\pi \implies 2x = \frac{4\pi}{3} + 2k\pi \implies x = \frac{2\pi}{3} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>4. Находим вторую производную:</p><p>$g''(x) = (-2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2)' = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})$.</p><p>В точках из случая 1: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi$. Тогда $g''(x) = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(-\frac{\pi}{4}) = -4\sqrt{2}(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = -4 < 0$. Это точки локального максимума.</p><p>В точках из случая 2: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = \frac{5\pi}{4} + 2k\pi$. Тогда $g''(x) = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(\frac{5\pi}{4}) = -4\sqrt{2}(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = 4 > 0$. Это точки локального минимума.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> точки локального максимума $x = -\frac{\pi}{12} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = \frac{2\pi}{3} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> $f(x) = \cos x$</p><p>Для нахождения точек локальных экстремумов необходимо найти производную функции, приравнять ее к нулю и исследовать знак производной в окрестности найденных точек (или использовать вторую производную).</p><p>1. Находим первую производную функции:</p><p>$f'(x) = (\cos x)' = -\sin x$.</p><p>2. Находим критические точки, решая уравнение $f'(x) = 0$:</p><p>$-\sin x = 0 \implies \sin x = 0$.</p><p>Корнями этого уравнения являются $x = k\pi$, где $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>3. Для определения типа экстремума используем вторую производную:</p><p>$f''(x) = (-\sin x)' = -\cos x$.</p><p>Подставляем критические точки в $f''(x)$:</p><p>$f''(k\pi) = -\cos(k\pi)$.</p><p>Если $k$ — четное число ($k=2n$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}$), то $x=2n\pi$. $f''(2n\pi) = -\cos(2n\pi) = -1 < 0$. Следовательно, в этих точках находятся локальные максимумы.</p><p>Если $k$ — нечетное число ($k=2n+1$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}$), то $x=(2n+1)\pi$. $f''((2n+1)\pi) = -\cos((2n+1)\pi) = -(-1) = 1 > 0$. Следовательно, в этих точках находятся локальные минимумы.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> точки локального максимума $x = 2k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = \pi + 2k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $g(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x - \sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$</p><p>1. Находим первую производную функции:</p><p>$g'(x) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x)' - (\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}))' = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) \cdot (\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})' = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) \cdot (-\frac{1}{2})$.</p><p>$g'(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$.</p><p>2. Находим критические точки из уравнения $g'(x) = 0$:</p><p>$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) = 0 \implies \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$.</p><p>Отсюда $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \pm \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, где $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>Рассмотрим два случая:</p><p>Случай 1: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies -\frac{x}{2} = \frac{7\pi}{12} + 2k\pi \implies x = -\frac{7\pi}{6} - 4k\pi$.</p><p>Случай 2: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = -\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies -\frac{x}{2} = -\frac{13\pi}{12} + 2k\pi \implies x = \frac{13\pi}{6} - 4k\pi$.</p><p>3. Находим вторую производную:</p><p>$g''(x) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}))' = \frac{1}{2}(-\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})) \cdot (-\frac{1}{2}) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$.</p><p>В точках из случая 1: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, поэтому $g''(x) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(\frac{5\pi}{6}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{8} > 0$. Это точки локального минимума.</p><p>В точках из случая 2: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = -\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, поэтому $g''(x) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(-\frac{5\pi}{6}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (-\frac{1}{2}) = -\frac{1}{8} < 0$. Это точки локального максимума.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> точки локального максимума $x = \frac{13\pi}{6} + 4k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = -\frac{7\pi}{6} + 4k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p><strong>в)</strong> $g(x) = \cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}) + \cos(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}) - 2x$</p><p>1. Упростим функцию, используя формулу суммы косинусов $\cos\alpha + \cos\beta = 2\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}$:</p><p>$\cos(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}) + \cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}) = 2\cos(\frac{4x - \pi/6}{2})\cos(\frac{\pi/2}{2}) = 2\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})\cos(\frac{\pi}{4}) = \sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})$.</p><p>Функция принимает вид: $g(x) = \sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2x$.</p><p>2. Находим первую производную:</p><p>$g'(x) = (\sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2x)' = \sqrt{2}(-\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})) \cdot 2 - 2 = -2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2$.</p><p>3. Находим критические точки из уравнения $g'(x) = 0$:</p><p>$-2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2 = 0 \implies \sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.</p><p>Отсюда получаем две серии решений:</p><p>Случай 1: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi \implies 2x = -\frac{\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies x = -\frac{\pi}{12} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>Случай 2: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = \frac{5\pi}{4} + 2k\pi \implies 2x = \frac{4\pi}{3} + 2k\pi \implies x = \frac{2\pi}{3} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p><p>4. Находим вторую производную:</p><p>$g''(x) = (-2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2)' = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})$.</p><p>В точках из случая 1: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi$. Тогда $g''(x) = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(-\frac{\pi}{4}) = -4\sqrt{2}(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = -4 < 0$. Это точки локального максимума.</p><p>В точках из случая 2: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = \frac{5\pi}{4} + 2k\pi$. Тогда $g''(x) = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(\frac{5\pi}{4}) = -4\sqrt{2}(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = 4 > 0$. Это точки локального минимума.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> точки локального максимума $x = -\frac{\pi}{12} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = \frac{2\pi}{3} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.</p>"
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№20 (с. 93)
Условие. №20 (с. 93)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Пак Олег Владимирович, Ардакулы Дархан, Ескендирова Елена Викторовна, издательство Алматыкітап баспасы, Алматы, 2019, Часть 2, страница 93, номер 20, Условие

20. (3) Найдите точки локальных экстремумов для следующих функций:

а) $f(x) = \cos x$;

б) $g(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x - \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}\right)$;

В) $g(x) = \cos\left(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) + \cos\left(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - 2x.$

Решение 2 (rus). №20 (с. 93)

а) $f(x) = \cos x$

Для нахождения точек локальных экстремумов необходимо найти производную функции, приравнять ее к нулю и исследовать знак производной в окрестности найденных точек (или использовать вторую производную).

1. Находим первую производную функции:

$f'(x) = (\cos x)' = -\sin x$.

2. Находим критические точки, решая уравнение $f'(x) = 0$:

$-\sin x = 0 \implies \sin x = 0$.

Корнями этого уравнения являются $x = k\pi$, где $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

3. Для определения типа экстремума используем вторую производную:

$f''(x) = (-\sin x)' = -\cos x$.

Подставляем критические точки в $f''(x)$:

$f''(k\pi) = -\cos(k\pi)$.

Если $k$ — четное число ($k=2n$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}$), то $x=2n\pi$. $f''(2n\pi) = -\cos(2n\pi) = -1 < 0$. Следовательно, в этих точках находятся локальные максимумы.

Если $k$ — нечетное число ($k=2n+1$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}$), то $x=(2n+1)\pi$. $f''((2n+1)\pi) = -\cos((2n+1)\pi) = -(-1) = 1 > 0$. Следовательно, в этих точках находятся локальные минимумы.

Ответ: точки локального максимума $x = 2k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = \pi + 2k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

б) $g(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x - \sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$

1. Находим первую производную функции:

$g'(x) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}x)' - (\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}))' = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) \cdot (\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})' = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) \cdot (-\frac{1}{2})$.

$g'(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$.

2. Находим критические точки из уравнения $g'(x) = 0$:

$\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) = 0 \implies \cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}) = -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$.

Отсюда $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \pm \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, где $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

Рассмотрим два случая:

Случай 1: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies -\frac{x}{2} = \frac{7\pi}{12} + 2k\pi \implies x = -\frac{7\pi}{6} - 4k\pi$.

Случай 2: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = -\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies -\frac{x}{2} = -\frac{13\pi}{12} + 2k\pi \implies x = \frac{13\pi}{6} - 4k\pi$.

3. Находим вторую производную:

$g''(x) = (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \frac{1}{2}\cos(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2}))' = \frac{1}{2}(-\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})) \cdot (-\frac{1}{2}) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2})$.

В точках из случая 1: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, поэтому $g''(x) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(\frac{5\pi}{6}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{8} > 0$. Это точки локального минимума.

В точках из случая 2: $\frac{\pi}{4} - \frac{x}{2} = -\frac{5\pi}{6} + 2k\pi$, поэтому $g''(x) = \frac{1}{4}\sin(-\frac{5\pi}{6}) = \frac{1}{4} \cdot (-\frac{1}{2}) = -\frac{1}{8} < 0$. Это точки локального максимума.

Ответ: точки локального максимума $x = \frac{13\pi}{6} + 4k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = -\frac{7\pi}{6} + 4k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

в) $g(x) = \cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}) + \cos(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}) - 2x$

1. Упростим функцию, используя формулу суммы косинусов $\cos\alpha + \cos\beta = 2\cos\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\cos\frac{\alpha-\beta}{2}$:

$\cos(2x + \frac{\pi}{6}) + \cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{3}) = 2\cos(\frac{4x - \pi/6}{2})\cos(\frac{\pi/2}{2}) = 2\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})\cos(\frac{\pi}{4}) = \sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})$.

Функция принимает вид: $g(x) = \sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2x$.

2. Находим первую производную:

$g'(x) = (\sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2x)' = \sqrt{2}(-\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})) \cdot 2 - 2 = -2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2$.

3. Находим критические точки из уравнения $g'(x) = 0$:

$-2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2 = 0 \implies \sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.

Отсюда получаем две серии решений:

Случай 1: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi \implies 2x = -\frac{\pi}{6} + 2k\pi \implies x = -\frac{\pi}{12} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

Случай 2: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = \frac{5\pi}{4} + 2k\pi \implies 2x = \frac{4\pi}{3} + 2k\pi \implies x = \frac{2\pi}{3} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

4. Находим вторую производную:

$g''(x) = (-2\sqrt{2}\sin(2x - \frac{\pi}{12}) - 2)' = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(2x - \frac{\pi}{12})$.

В точках из случая 1: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = -\frac{\pi}{4} + 2k\pi$. Тогда $g''(x) = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(-\frac{\pi}{4}) = -4\sqrt{2}(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = -4 < 0$. Это точки локального максимума.

В точках из случая 2: $2x - \frac{\pi}{12} = \frac{5\pi}{4} + 2k\pi$. Тогда $g''(x) = -4\sqrt{2}\cos(\frac{5\pi}{4}) = -4\sqrt{2}(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}) = 4 > 0$. Это точки локального минимума.

Ответ: точки локального максимума $x = -\frac{\pi}{12} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$; точки локального минимума $x = \frac{2\pi}{3} + k\pi, k \in \mathbb{Z}$.

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