Номер 25, страница 93, часть 2 - гдз по алгебре 10 класс учебник Пак, Ардакулы

Авторы: Пак О. В., Ардакулы Д., Ескендирова Е. В.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Алматыкітап баспасы

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Часть: 2

ISBN: 978-601-01-3958-9

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Часть 2. Глава 6. Применение производной. Параграф 2. Экстремумы и критические точки - номер 25, страница 93.

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                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 10 класса общеобразовательной школы общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
                    "field_priority" => "6"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-01-3958-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/baspasy-pak-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119426
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073}
            "field_page_start" => "5"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
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            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
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            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103}
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1104
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119442
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Применение производной"
            "field_branch_order" => "6"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1106
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "76"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
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            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1108
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4295
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
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                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 10 класса общеобразовательной школы общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
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                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
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                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
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                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2}
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                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/baspasy-pak-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
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                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2}
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                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
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                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
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                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
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                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
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                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-01-3958-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
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                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2}
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                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2}
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                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
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                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1137
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "5"
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                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1119426
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => null
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "5"
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                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
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                    "field_navigation_title" => null
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119442
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Применение производной"
            "field_branch_order" => "6"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105}
            "field_page_start" => "76"
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            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107}
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          ]
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          #dateFormat: null
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1170
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119446
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Экстремумы и критические точки"
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1172
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "86"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
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            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1174
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4295
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2}
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            "text" => "<p> Критическая точка функции — это внутренняя точка области определения, в которой её производная равна нулю или не существует. Данная функция $y(x) = ax^2 + 4a^3x - 1$ является многочленом, поэтому она определена и дифференцируема на всей числовой оси. Следовательно, её критическими точками могут быть только те точки, в которых производная обращается в ноль.</p><p> <strong>При каких значениях параметра $a$ точка $x=-50$ является критической для функции $y=ax^2+4a^3x-1$?</strong></p><p> Сначала найдем производную функции $y(x)$ по переменной $x$:<br> $y'(x) = (ax^2 + 4a^3x - 1)' = 2ax + 4a^3$.</p><p> Точка $x=-50$ будет критической, если производная в этой точке равна нулю, то есть $y'(-50) = 0$. Подставим $x=-50$ в выражение для производной и решим полученное уравнение относительно $a$:<br> $y'(-50) = 2a(-50) + 4a^3 = 0$<br> $-100a + 4a^3 = 0$<br> $4a(a^2 - 25) = 0$<br> $4a(a - 5)(a + 5) = 0$</p><p> Произведение равно нулю, если один из множителей равен нулю. Отсюда получаем три возможных значения параметра $a$:<br> $a_1 = 0$<br> $a_2 = 5$<br> $a_3 = -5$</p><p> Таким образом, точка $x=-50$ является критической при $a \in \{-5, 0, 5\}$.</p><p> <strong>При каждом из найденных значений $a$ выясните точкой максимума или точкой минимума является $x=-50$ для данной функции.</strong></p><p> Для определения характера критической точки воспользуемся тестом по второй производной. Найдем вторую производную функции $y(x)$:<br> $y''(x) = (2ax + 4a^3)' = 2a$.</p><p> Знак второй производной в критической точке определяет тип экстремума: если $y''(x_0) > 0$, то $x_0$ — точка минимума; если $y''(x_0) < 0$, то $x_0$ — точка максимума. Если $y''(x_0) = 0$, то тест не дает однозначного ответа и требуется дополнительное исследование.</p><p> Рассмотрим каждый найденный случай для $a$:</p><p> 1. <strong>При $a = 0$</strong><br> Функция принимает вид $y = 0 \cdot x^2 + 4 \cdot 0^3 \cdot x - 1$, то есть $y = -1$. Это постоянная функция.<br> Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot 0 = 0$. Тест по второй производной неинформативен.<br> Поскольку функция является константой, ее значение во всех точках одинаково. Точка $x=-50$ не является ни точкой локального максимума, ни точкой локального минимума.</p><p> 2. <strong>При $a = 5$</strong><br> Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot 5 = 10$.<br> Так как $y''(-50) = 10 > 0$, то в точке $x=-50$ функция имеет минимум.</p><p> 3. <strong>При $a = -5$</strong><br> Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot (-5) = -10$.<br> Так как $y''(-50) = -10 < 0$, то в точке $x=-50$ функция имеет максимум.</p><p> Ответ: Точка $x=-50$ является критической при $a \in \{-5, 0, 5\}$. При $a=-5$ точка $x=-50$ является точкой максимума; при $a=5$ точка $x=-50$ является точкой минимума; при $a=0$ точка $x=-50$ является критической, но не является точкой экстремума.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p> Критическая точка функции — это внутренняя точка области определения, в которой её производная равна нулю или не существует. Данная функция $y(x) = ax^2 + 4a^3x - 1$ является многочленом, поэтому она определена и дифференцируема на всей числовой оси. Следовательно, её критическими точками могут быть только те точки, в которых производная обращается в ноль.</p><p> <strong>При каких значениях параметра $a$ точка $x=-50$ является критической для функции $y=ax^2+4a^3x-1$?</strong></p><p> Сначала найдем производную функции $y(x)$ по переменной $x$:<br> $y'(x) = (ax^2 + 4a^3x - 1)' = 2ax + 4a^3$.</p><p> Точка $x=-50$ будет критической, если производная в этой точке равна нулю, то есть $y'(-50) = 0$. Подставим $x=-50$ в выражение для производной и решим полученное уравнение относительно $a$:<br> $y'(-50) = 2a(-50) + 4a^3 = 0$<br> $-100a + 4a^3 = 0$<br> $4a(a^2 - 25) = 0$<br> $4a(a - 5)(a + 5) = 0$</p><p> Произведение равно нулю, если один из множителей равен нулю. Отсюда получаем три возможных значения параметра $a$:<br> $a_1 = 0$<br> $a_2 = 5$<br> $a_3 = -5$</p><p> Таким образом, точка $x=-50$ является критической при $a \in \{-5, 0, 5\}$.</p><p> <strong>При каждом из найденных значений $a$ выясните точкой максимума или точкой минимума является $x=-50$ для данной функции.</strong></p><p> Для определения характера критической точки воспользуемся тестом по второй производной. Найдем вторую производную функции $y(x)$:<br> $y''(x) = (2ax + 4a^3)' = 2a$.</p><p> Знак второй производной в критической точке определяет тип экстремума: если $y''(x_0) > 0$, то $x_0$ — точка минимума; если $y''(x_0) < 0$, то $x_0$ — точка максимума. Если $y''(x_0) = 0$, то тест не дает однозначного ответа и требуется дополнительное исследование.</p><p> Рассмотрим каждый найденный случай для $a$:</p><p> 1. <strong>При $a = 0$</strong><br> Функция принимает вид $y = 0 \cdot x^2 + 4 \cdot 0^3 \cdot x - 1$, то есть $y = -1$. Это постоянная функция.<br> Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot 0 = 0$. Тест по второй производной неинформативен.<br> Поскольку функция является константой, ее значение во всех точках одинаково. Точка $x=-50$ не является ни точкой локального максимума, ни точкой локального минимума.</p><p> 2. <strong>При $a = 5$</strong><br> Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot 5 = 10$.<br> Так как $y''(-50) = 10 > 0$, то в точке $x=-50$ функция имеет минимум.</p><p> 3. <strong>При $a = -5$</strong><br> Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot (-5) = -10$.<br> Так как $y''(-50) = -10 < 0$, то в точке $x=-50$ функция имеет максимум.</p><p> Ответ: Точка $x=-50$ является критической при $a \in \{-5, 0, 5\}$. При $a=-5$ точка $x=-50$ является точкой максимума; при $a=5$ точка $x=-50$ является точкой минимума; при $a=0$ точка $x=-50$ является критической, но не является точкой экстремума.</p>"
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№25 (с. 93)
Условие. №25 (с. 93)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Пак Олег Владимирович, Ардакулы Дархан, Ескендирова Елена Викторовна, издательство Алматыкітап баспасы, Алматы, 2019, Часть 2, страница 93, номер 25, Условие

25. (3) При каких значениях параметра $a$ точка $x = -50$ является критической для функции $y=ax^2 + 4a^3x-1$? При каждом из найденных значений $a$ выясните точкой максимума или точкой минимума является $x=-50$ для данной функции.

Решение 2 (rus). №25 (с. 93)

Критическая точка функции — это внутренняя точка области определения, в которой её производная равна нулю или не существует. Данная функция $y(x) = ax^2 + 4a^3x - 1$ является многочленом, поэтому она определена и дифференцируема на всей числовой оси. Следовательно, её критическими точками могут быть только те точки, в которых производная обращается в ноль.

При каких значениях параметра $a$ точка $x=-50$ является критической для функции $y=ax^2+4a^3x-1$?

Сначала найдем производную функции $y(x)$ по переменной $x$:
$y'(x) = (ax^2 + 4a^3x - 1)' = 2ax + 4a^3$.

Точка $x=-50$ будет критической, если производная в этой точке равна нулю, то есть $y'(-50) = 0$. Подставим $x=-50$ в выражение для производной и решим полученное уравнение относительно $a$:
$y'(-50) = 2a(-50) + 4a^3 = 0$
$-100a + 4a^3 = 0$
$4a(a^2 - 25) = 0$
$4a(a - 5)(a + 5) = 0$

Произведение равно нулю, если один из множителей равен нулю. Отсюда получаем три возможных значения параметра $a$:
$a_1 = 0$
$a_2 = 5$
$a_3 = -5$

Таким образом, точка $x=-50$ является критической при $a \in \{-5, 0, 5\}$.

При каждом из найденных значений $a$ выясните точкой максимума или точкой минимума является $x=-50$ для данной функции.

Для определения характера критической точки воспользуемся тестом по второй производной. Найдем вторую производную функции $y(x)$:
$y''(x) = (2ax + 4a^3)' = 2a$.

Знак второй производной в критической точке определяет тип экстремума: если $y''(x_0) > 0$, то $x_0$ — точка минимума; если $y''(x_0) < 0$, то $x_0$ — точка максимума. Если $y''(x_0) = 0$, то тест не дает однозначного ответа и требуется дополнительное исследование.

Рассмотрим каждый найденный случай для $a$:

1. При $a = 0$
Функция принимает вид $y = 0 \cdot x^2 + 4 \cdot 0^3 \cdot x - 1$, то есть $y = -1$. Это постоянная функция.
Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot 0 = 0$. Тест по второй производной неинформативен.
Поскольку функция является константой, ее значение во всех точках одинаково. Точка $x=-50$ не является ни точкой локального максимума, ни точкой локального минимума.

2. При $a = 5$
Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot 5 = 10$.
Так как $y''(-50) = 10 > 0$, то в точке $x=-50$ функция имеет минимум.

3. При $a = -5$
Вторая производная $y''(x) = 2a = 2 \cdot (-5) = -10$.
Так как $y''(-50) = -10 < 0$, то в точке $x=-50$ функция имеет максимум.

Ответ: Точка $x=-50$ является критической при $a \in \{-5, 0, 5\}$. При $a=-5$ точка $x=-50$ является точкой максимума; при $a=5$ точка $x=-50$ является точкой минимума; при $a=0$ точка $x=-50$ является критической, но не является точкой экстремума.

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