Номер 592, страница 153 - гдз по геометрии 10-11 класс учебник Атанасян, Бутузов

Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета

Авторы: Атанасян Л. С., Бутузов В. Ф., Кадомцев С. Б., Позняк Э. Г., Киселёва Л. С.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый и углублённый

Цвет обложки: коричневый с ромбами

ISBN: 978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия

Глава 6. Векторы в пространстве. Параграф 3. Компланарные векторы - номер 592, страница 153.

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                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
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                     …7
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              <p><strong>592.</strong> Дан параллелепипед <em>ABCDA₁B₁C₁D₁.</em> Какие из следующих трёх векторов компланарны:</p><figure><figure>\n
               <img src="/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/0-00/592.webp?ts=1745680947" alt="Какие из следующих трёх векторов компланарны" loading="lazy" width="1403" height="212">\n
               </figure>\n
              <figcaption> </figcaption></figure>
              """
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
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                "width" => "1545"
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              <p><strong>592.</strong> Дан параллелепипед <em>ABCDA₁B₁C₁D₁.</em> Какие из следующих трёх векторов компланарны:</p><figure><figure>\n
               <img src="/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/0-00/592.webp?ts=1745680947" alt="Какие из следующих трёх векторов компланарны" loading="lazy" width="1403" height="212">\n
               </figure>\n
              <figcaption> </figcaption></figure>
              """
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            "text" => "<p>Для определения компланарности трёх векторов необходимо проверить, можно ли их расположить в одной плоскости. Три вектора компланарны, если они линейно зависимы, то есть один из них можно выразить через два других, или если существует их нетривиальная линейная комбинация, равная нулевому вектору. В контексте параллелепипеда $ABCDA_1B_1C_1D_1$ мы будем использовать его свойства: равенство и параллельность противоположных рёбер.</p><strong>а)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AA_1}$, $\vec{CC_1}$ и $\vec{BB_1}$.<br>В параллелепипеде $ABCDA_1B_1C_1D_1$ боковые рёбра $AA_1$, $BB_1$ и $CC_1$ параллельны и равны по длине. Следовательно, векторы, лежащие на этих рёбрах, равны между собой: $\vec{AA_1} = \vec{BB_1} = \vec{CC_1}$.<br>Поскольку все три вектора равны, они коллинеарны (параллельны одной прямой). Любые коллинеарные векторы всегда компланарны, так как если отложить их от одной точки, они лягут на одну прямую, а через любую прямую можно провести плоскость.<br>Ответ: векторы компланарны.</p><strong>б)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AB}$, $\vec{AD}$ и $\vec{AA_1}$.<br>Эти три вектора исходят из одной вершины A и направлены вдоль трёх рёбер параллелепипеда. В общем случае (для невырожденного параллелепипеда) эти три ребра не лежат в одной плоскости. Векторы $\vec{AB}$, $\vec{AD}$ и $\vec{AA_1}$ являются базисными для трёхмерного пространства. Три вектора, образующие базис, по определению не могут быть компланарными (они линейно независимы).<br>Ответ: векторы не компланарны.</p><strong>в)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{B_1B}$, $\vec{AC}$ и $\vec{DD_1}$.<br>Выразим эти векторы через базисные векторы, исходящие из вершины A. Пусть $\vec{AB} = \vec{a}$, $\vec{AD} = \vec{b}$, $\vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$.<br>1. Вектор $\vec{B_1B}$ противоположен вектору $\vec{BB_1}$. Так как $\vec{BB_1} = \vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$, то $\vec{B_1B} = -\vec{BB_1} = -\vec{c}$.<br>2. Вектор $\vec{AC}$ является диагональю основания и по правилу параллелограмма равен сумме векторов $\vec{AB}$ и $\vec{AD}$: $\vec{AC} = \vec{AB} + \vec{AD} = \vec{a} + \vec{b}$.<br>3. Вектор $\vec{DD_1}$ равен вектору $\vec{AA_1}$, так как это параллельные рёбра: $\vec{DD_1} = \vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$.<br>Проверим векторы на линейную зависимость. Векторы компланарны, если существуют такие числа $k_1, k_2, k_3$, не все равные нулю, что $k_1\vec{B_1B} + k_2\vec{AC} + k_3\vec{DD_1} = \vec{0}$.<br>Заметим, что $\vec{B_1B} + \vec{DD_1} = -\vec{c} + \vec{c} = \vec{0}$.<br>Следовательно, мы можем взять $k_1 = 1$, $k_2 = 0$ и $k_3 = 1$. Эта комбинация $1 \cdot \vec{B_1B} + 0 \cdot \vec{AC} + 1 \cdot \vec{DD_1} = \vec{0}$ является нетривиальной (не все коэффициенты равны нулю). Значит, векторы линейно зависимы и, следовательно, компланарны.<br>Ответ: векторы компланарны.</p><strong>г)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AD}$, $\vec{CC_1}$ и $\vec{A_1B_1}$.<br>Приведём эти векторы к общему началу A, используя свойства параллелепипеда:<br>1. Вектор $\vec{AD}$ уже исходит из точки A.<br>2. Вектор $\vec{CC_1}$ равен вектору бокового ребра $\vec{AA_1}$: $\vec{CC_1} = \vec{AA_1}$.<br>3. Вектор $\vec{A_1B_1}$ равен вектору ребра основания $\vec{AB}$: $\vec{A_1B_1} = \vec{AB}$.<br>Таким образом, данный набор векторов $\{\vec{AD}, \vec{CC_1}, \vec{A_1B_1}\}$ эквивалентен набору $\{\vec{AD}, \vec{AA_1}, \vec{AB}\}$. Этот набор векторов, с точностью до перестановки, совпадает с набором из пункта б). Как мы уже установили, эти векторы не являются компланарными.<br>Ответ: векторы не компланарны.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Для определения компланарности трёх векторов необходимо проверить, можно ли их расположить в одной плоскости. Три вектора компланарны, если они линейно зависимы, то есть один из них можно выразить через два других, или если существует их нетривиальная линейная комбинация, равная нулевому вектору. В контексте параллелепипеда $ABCDA_1B_1C_1D_1$ мы будем использовать его свойства: равенство и параллельность противоположных рёбер.</p><strong>а)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AA_1}$, $\vec{CC_1}$ и $\vec{BB_1}$.<br>В параллелепипеде $ABCDA_1B_1C_1D_1$ боковые рёбра $AA_1$, $BB_1$ и $CC_1$ параллельны и равны по длине. Следовательно, векторы, лежащие на этих рёбрах, равны между собой: $\vec{AA_1} = \vec{BB_1} = \vec{CC_1}$.<br>Поскольку все три вектора равны, они коллинеарны (параллельны одной прямой). Любые коллинеарные векторы всегда компланарны, так как если отложить их от одной точки, они лягут на одну прямую, а через любую прямую можно провести плоскость.<br>Ответ: векторы компланарны.</p><strong>б)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AB}$, $\vec{AD}$ и $\vec{AA_1}$.<br>Эти три вектора исходят из одной вершины A и направлены вдоль трёх рёбер параллелепипеда. В общем случае (для невырожденного параллелепипеда) эти три ребра не лежат в одной плоскости. Векторы $\vec{AB}$, $\vec{AD}$ и $\vec{AA_1}$ являются базисными для трёхмерного пространства. Три вектора, образующие базис, по определению не могут быть компланарными (они линейно независимы).<br>Ответ: векторы не компланарны.</p><strong>в)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{B_1B}$, $\vec{AC}$ и $\vec{DD_1}$.<br>Выразим эти векторы через базисные векторы, исходящие из вершины A. Пусть $\vec{AB} = \vec{a}$, $\vec{AD} = \vec{b}$, $\vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$.<br>1. Вектор $\vec{B_1B}$ противоположен вектору $\vec{BB_1}$. Так как $\vec{BB_1} = \vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$, то $\vec{B_1B} = -\vec{BB_1} = -\vec{c}$.<br>2. Вектор $\vec{AC}$ является диагональю основания и по правилу параллелограмма равен сумме векторов $\vec{AB}$ и $\vec{AD}$: $\vec{AC} = \vec{AB} + \vec{AD} = \vec{a} + \vec{b}$.<br>3. Вектор $\vec{DD_1}$ равен вектору $\vec{AA_1}$, так как это параллельные рёбра: $\vec{DD_1} = \vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$.<br>Проверим векторы на линейную зависимость. Векторы компланарны, если существуют такие числа $k_1, k_2, k_3$, не все равные нулю, что $k_1\vec{B_1B} + k_2\vec{AC} + k_3\vec{DD_1} = \vec{0}$.<br>Заметим, что $\vec{B_1B} + \vec{DD_1} = -\vec{c} + \vec{c} = \vec{0}$.<br>Следовательно, мы можем взять $k_1 = 1$, $k_2 = 0$ и $k_3 = 1$. Эта комбинация $1 \cdot \vec{B_1B} + 0 \cdot \vec{AC} + 1 \cdot \vec{DD_1} = \vec{0}$ является нетривиальной (не все коэффициенты равны нулю). Значит, векторы линейно зависимы и, следовательно, компланарны.<br>Ответ: векторы компланарны.</p><strong>г)</strong><p>Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AD}$, $\vec{CC_1}$ и $\vec{A_1B_1}$.<br>Приведём эти векторы к общему началу A, используя свойства параллелепипеда:<br>1. Вектор $\vec{AD}$ уже исходит из точки A.<br>2. Вектор $\vec{CC_1}$ равен вектору бокового ребра $\vec{AA_1}$: $\vec{CC_1} = \vec{AA_1}$.<br>3. Вектор $\vec{A_1B_1}$ равен вектору ребра основания $\vec{AB}$: $\vec{A_1B_1} = \vec{AB}$.<br>Таким образом, данный набор векторов $\{\vec{AD}, \vec{CC_1}, \vec{A_1B_1}\}$ эквивалентен набору $\{\vec{AD}, \vec{AA_1}, \vec{AB}\}$. Этот набор векторов, с точностью до перестановки, совпадает с набором из пункта б). Как мы уже установили, эти векторы не являются компланарными.<br>Ответ: векторы не компланарны.</p>"
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№592 (с. 153)
Условие. №592 (с. 153)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 153, номер 592, Условие

592. Дан параллелепипед ABCDA₁B₁C₁D₁. Какие из следующих трёх векторов компланарны:

Какие из следующих трёх векторов компланарны
Решение 2. №592 (с. 153)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 153, номер 592, Решение 2
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 153, номер 592, Решение 2 (продолжение 2)
Решение 3. №592 (с. 153)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 153, номер 592, Решение 3
Решение 4. №592 (с. 153)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 153, номер 592, Решение 4
Решение 5. №592 (с. 153)
Решение 6. №592 (с. 153)

Для определения компланарности трёх векторов необходимо проверить, можно ли их расположить в одной плоскости. Три вектора компланарны, если они линейно зависимы, то есть один из них можно выразить через два других, или если существует их нетривиальная линейная комбинация, равная нулевому вектору. В контексте параллелепипеда $ABCDA_1B_1C_1D_1$ мы будем использовать его свойства: равенство и параллельность противоположных рёбер.

а)

Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AA_1}$, $\vec{CC_1}$ и $\vec{BB_1}$.
В параллелепипеде $ABCDA_1B_1C_1D_1$ боковые рёбра $AA_1$, $BB_1$ и $CC_1$ параллельны и равны по длине. Следовательно, векторы, лежащие на этих рёбрах, равны между собой: $\vec{AA_1} = \vec{BB_1} = \vec{CC_1}$.
Поскольку все три вектора равны, они коллинеарны (параллельны одной прямой). Любые коллинеарные векторы всегда компланарны, так как если отложить их от одной точки, они лягут на одну прямую, а через любую прямую можно провести плоскость.
Ответ: векторы компланарны.

б)

Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AB}$, $\vec{AD}$ и $\vec{AA_1}$.
Эти три вектора исходят из одной вершины A и направлены вдоль трёх рёбер параллелепипеда. В общем случае (для невырожденного параллелепипеда) эти три ребра не лежат в одной плоскости. Векторы $\vec{AB}$, $\vec{AD}$ и $\vec{AA_1}$ являются базисными для трёхмерного пространства. Три вектора, образующие базис, по определению не могут быть компланарными (они линейно независимы).
Ответ: векторы не компланарны.

в)

Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{B_1B}$, $\vec{AC}$ и $\vec{DD_1}$.
Выразим эти векторы через базисные векторы, исходящие из вершины A. Пусть $\vec{AB} = \vec{a}$, $\vec{AD} = \vec{b}$, $\vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$.
1. Вектор $\vec{B_1B}$ противоположен вектору $\vec{BB_1}$. Так как $\vec{BB_1} = \vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$, то $\vec{B_1B} = -\vec{BB_1} = -\vec{c}$.
2. Вектор $\vec{AC}$ является диагональю основания и по правилу параллелограмма равен сумме векторов $\vec{AB}$ и $\vec{AD}$: $\vec{AC} = \vec{AB} + \vec{AD} = \vec{a} + \vec{b}$.
3. Вектор $\vec{DD_1}$ равен вектору $\vec{AA_1}$, так как это параллельные рёбра: $\vec{DD_1} = \vec{AA_1} = \vec{c}$.
Проверим векторы на линейную зависимость. Векторы компланарны, если существуют такие числа $k_1, k_2, k_3$, не все равные нулю, что $k_1\vec{B_1B} + k_2\vec{AC} + k_3\vec{DD_1} = \vec{0}$.
Заметим, что $\vec{B_1B} + \vec{DD_1} = -\vec{c} + \vec{c} = \vec{0}$.
Следовательно, мы можем взять $k_1 = 1$, $k_2 = 0$ и $k_3 = 1$. Эта комбинация $1 \cdot \vec{B_1B} + 0 \cdot \vec{AC} + 1 \cdot \vec{DD_1} = \vec{0}$ является нетривиальной (не все коэффициенты равны нулю). Значит, векторы линейно зависимы и, следовательно, компланарны.
Ответ: векторы компланарны.

г)

Рассмотрим векторы $\vec{AD}$, $\vec{CC_1}$ и $\vec{A_1B_1}$.
Приведём эти векторы к общему началу A, используя свойства параллелепипеда:
1. Вектор $\vec{AD}$ уже исходит из точки A.
2. Вектор $\vec{CC_1}$ равен вектору бокового ребра $\vec{AA_1}$: $\vec{CC_1} = \vec{AA_1}$.
3. Вектор $\vec{A_1B_1}$ равен вектору ребра основания $\vec{AB}$: $\vec{A_1B_1} = \vec{AB}$.
Таким образом, данный набор векторов $\{\vec{AD}, \vec{CC_1}, \vec{A_1B_1}\}$ эквивалентен набору $\{\vec{AD}, \vec{AA_1}, \vec{AB}\}$. Этот набор векторов, с точностью до перестановки, совпадает с набором из пункта б). Как мы уже установили, эти векторы не являются компланарными.
Ответ: векторы не компланарны.

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