Номер 766, страница 189 - гдз по геометрии 10-11 класс учебник Атанасян, Бутузов

Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета

Авторы: Атанасян Л. С., Бутузов В. Ф., Кадомцев С. Б., Позняк Э. Г., Киселёва Л. С.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый и углублённый

Цвет обложки: коричневый с ромбами

ISBN: 978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия

Глава 7. Метод координат в пространстве. Движения. Параграф 3. Движения, дополнительные задачи - номер 766, страница 189.

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                      ]
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                    }
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
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                    }
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                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1073
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                      ]
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1075
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                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => null
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1077
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                      ]
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                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
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                    "field_link_to_source" => null
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                      ]
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                    }
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                    }
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                    }
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                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1083
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "name" => "коричневый"
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                          ]
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              ]
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
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            }
          ]
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            "field_branch_order" => "7"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "160"
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            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
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            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086}
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          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #perPage: 15
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          #attributes: array:24 [
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_display_title" => "Метод координат в пространстве. Движения"
            "field_branch_order" => "7"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "160"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 744405
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Метод координат в пространстве. Движения"
            "field_branch_order" => "7"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
            "field_page_start" => "160"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131}
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          ]
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
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          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 744410
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Движения, дополнительные задачи"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1134
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
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                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "187"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
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            }
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            }
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            "field_page_start" => "187"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
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            0 => "*"
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1111
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          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
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          +exists: true
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 939810
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1108
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2315
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
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                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
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                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "wiris"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2315
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
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                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2}
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                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "745181"
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            ]
            "text" => "<p> <b>766.</b> В правильной треугольной пирамиде <i>DABC</i> высота DO равна 3 см, а боковое ребро <i>DA</i> равно 5 см. Найдите: </p> <p> а) площадь полной поверхности пирамиды; </p> <p> б) объём пирамиды; </p> <p> в) угол между боковым ребром и плоскостью основания; </p> <p> г) угол наклона боковой грани к плоскости основания; </p> <p> д) скалярное произведение векторов <span class="long"><span class="fraction"><span>1</span><span>2</span></span>(<span class="arrtoptoleft">DB</span> + <span class="arrtoptoleft">DC</span>) <span class="arrtoptoleft">MA</span>,</span> где <i>M</i> — середина ребра BC; </p> <p> е) радиус шара, вписанного в пирамиду. </p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "766-1.jpg"
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                "width" => "1569"
                "height" => 515
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/0-00/766-1.webp?ts=1739436882"
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          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 939810
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "745181"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p> <b>766.</b> В правильной треугольной пирамиде <i>DABC</i> высота DO равна 3 см, а боковое ребро <i>DA</i> равно 5 см. Найдите: </p> <p> а) площадь полной поверхности пирамиды; </p> <p> б) объём пирамиды; </p> <p> в) угол между боковым ребром и плоскостью основания; </p> <p> г) угол наклона боковой грани к плоскости основания; </p> <p> д) скалярное произведение векторов <span class="long"><span class="fraction"><span>1</span><span>2</span></span>(<span class="arrtoptoleft">DB</span> + <span class="arrtoptoleft">DC</span>) <span class="arrtoptoleft">MA</span>,</span> где <i>M</i> — середина ребра BC; </p> <p> е) радиус шара, вписанного в пирамиду. </p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "766-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1569"
                "height" => 515
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/0-00/766-1.webp?ts=1739436882"
              ]
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          ]
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1096
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
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          #perPage: 15
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 942710
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1095
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2317
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
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                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2317
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2}
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
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            "img" => array:6 [
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          #original: array:6 [
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            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043}
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            "img" => array:6 [
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              3 => array:5 [
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              5 => array:5 [
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                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/2-00/766-6.webp?ts=1739441669"
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          ]
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Element {#1102
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 942484
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1103
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
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            "text" => "<p>Дано: правильная треугольная пирамида $DABC$, высота $DO = 3$ см, боковое ребро $DA = 5$ см.</p><p>Так как пирамида правильная, в основании лежит равносторонний треугольник $ABC$, а высота $DO$ проецируется в его центр $O$. Точка $O$ является центром вписанной и описанной окружностей треугольника $ABC$.</p><p>Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник $DOA$. $DO$ — катет (высота пирамиды), $DA$ — гипотенуза (боковое ребро), $OA$ — второй катет. $OA$ является радиусом описанной окружности $R$ основания $ABC$.</p><p>По теореме Пифагора:</p><p>$OA = \sqrt{DA^2 - DO^2} = \sqrt{5^2 - 3^2} = \sqrt{25 - 9} = \sqrt{16} = 4$ см.</p><p>Итак, $R = OA = 4$ см.</p><p>Для равностороннего треугольника со стороной $a$ радиус описанной окружности $R = \frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}$. Отсюда найдем сторону основания $a$:</p><p>$a = R \cdot \sqrt{3} = 4\sqrt{3}$ см.</p><p>Радиус вписанной окружности $r$ для равностороннего треугольника равен $r = \frac{R}{2}$.</p><p>$r = OM = \frac{4}{2} = 2$ см, где $M$ — середина стороны $BC$.</p><p><strong>а) площадь полной поверхности пирамиды;</strong></p><p>Площадь полной поверхности пирамиды $S_{\text{полн}}$ равна сумме площади основания $S_{\text{осн}}$ и площади боковой поверхности $S_{\text{бок}}$.</p><p>1. Площадь основания (равностороннего треугольника):</p><p>$S_{\text{осн}} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(4\sqrt{3})^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{16 \cdot 3 \cdot \sqrt{3}}{4} = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p>2. Площадь боковой поверхности. $S_{\text{бок}} = 3 \cdot S_{\triangle DBC}$. Для нахождения площади боковой грани $DBC$ нужна ее высота (апофема пирамиды) $DM$. Найдем $DM$ из прямоугольного треугольника $DOM$ (где $M$ — середина $BC$):</p><p>$DM = \sqrt{DO^2 + OM^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} = \sqrt{9 + 4} = \sqrt{13}$ см.</p><p>Площадь одной боковой грани:</p><p>$S_{\triangle DBC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BC \cdot DM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{13} = 2\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p>Площадь всей боковой поверхности:</p><p>$S_{\text{бок}} = 3 \cdot 2\sqrt{39} = 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p>3. Площадь полной поверхности:</p><p>$S_{\text{полн}} = S_{\text{осн}} + S_{\text{бок}} = 12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39} = 6\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{13})$ см?.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p><strong>б) объём пирамиды;</strong></p><p>Объём пирамиды вычисляется по формуле $V = \frac{1}{3} S_{\text{осн}} \cdot H$, где $H=DO$.</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 12\sqrt{3} \cdot 3 = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p><strong>в) угол между боковым ребром и плоскостью основания;</strong></p><p>Угол между боковым ребром (например, $DA$) и плоскостью основания ($ABC$) — это угол между ребром и его проекцией на эту плоскость. Проекцией ребра $DA$ является отрезок $OA$. Искомый угол — это $\angle DAO$ в прямоугольном треугольнике $DOA$.</p><p>Мы знаем все стороны этого треугольника: $DO=3$, $OA=4$, $DA=5$.</p><p>$\sin(\angle DAO) = \frac{DO}{DA} = \frac{3}{5}$.</p><p>Следовательно, угол равен $\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)$.</p><p><strong>г) угол наклона боковой грани к плоскости основания;</strong></p><p>Угол наклона боковой грани (например, $DBC$) к плоскости основания ($ABC$) — это линейный угол двугранного угла, который образуется перпендикулярами, проведенными к линии их пересечения ($BC$). Такими перпендикулярами являются апофема $DM$ и радиус вписанной окружности $OM$. Искомый угол — это $\angle DMO$ в прямоугольном треугольнике $DOM$.</p><p>Мы знаем катеты этого треугольника: $DO=3$, $OM=2$.</p><p>$\text{tg}(\angle DMO) = \frac{DO}{OM} = \frac{3}{2}$.</p><p>Следовательно, угол равен $\text{arctg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\text{arctg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.</p><p><strong>д) скалярное произведение векторов $\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC})\overrightarrow{MA}$, где $M$ — середина ребра $BC$;</strong></p><p>1. Упростим первый вектор. По правилу сложения векторов, выходящих из одной точки, вектор $\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC}$ равен $2\overrightarrow{DM}$, где $M$ — середина отрезка $BC$.</p><p>Таким образом, $\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC}) = \frac{1}{2}(2\overrightarrow{DM}) = \overrightarrow{DM}$.</p><p>2. Нам нужно найти скалярное произведение $\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA}$.</p><p>По определению, скалярное произведение равно произведению длин векторов на косинус угла между ними: $\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA} = |\overrightarrow{DM}| \cdot |\overrightarrow{MA}| \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>3. Найдем длины векторов и косинус угла между ними. Рассмотрим треугольник $DMA$.</p><p>Длина $|\overrightarrow{DM}|$ — это апофема, мы ее нашли в пункте а): $|\overrightarrow{DM}| = \sqrt{13}$ см.</p><p>Длина $|\overrightarrow{MA}|$ — это медиана (и высота) равностороннего треугольника $ABC$. $|\overrightarrow{MA}| = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{4\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{4 \cdot 3}{2} = 6$ см.</p><p>Длина ребра $|\overrightarrow{DA}|$ дана по условию: $|\overrightarrow{DA}| = 5$ см.</p><p>4. По теореме косинусов для треугольника $DMA$:</p><p>$DA^2 = DM^2 + MA^2 - 2 \cdot DM \cdot MA \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$5^2 = (\sqrt{13})^2 + 6^2 - 2 \cdot \sqrt{13} \cdot 6 \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$25 = 13 + 36 - 12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$25 = 49 - 12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA) = 49 - 25 = 24$.</p><p>$\cos(\angle DMA) = \frac{24}{12\sqrt{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$.</p><p>5. Вычисляем скалярное произведение:</p><p>$\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA} = |\overrightarrow{DM}| \cdot |\overrightarrow{MA}| \cdot \cos(\angle DMA) = \sqrt{13} \cdot 6 \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}} = 6 \cdot 2 = 12$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $12$.</p><p><strong>е) радиус шара, вписанного в пирамиду.</strong></p><p>Радиус $r_{\text{впис}}$ вписанного шара можно найти по формуле, связывающей объем пирамиды $V$ и площадь ее полной поверхности $S_{\text{полн}}$:</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{3} r_{\text{впис}} \cdot S_{\text{полн}}$.</p><p>Отсюда $r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{3V}{S_{\text{полн}}}$.</p><p>Из предыдущих пунктов имеем:</p><p>$V = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p>$S_{\text{полн}} = 12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p>Подставляем значения:</p><p>$r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{3 \cdot 12\sqrt{3}}{12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}} = \frac{36\sqrt{3}}{6\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{13})} = \frac{6}{2 + \sqrt{13}}$.</p><p>Избавимся от иррациональности в знаменателе, умножив числитель и знаменатель на сопряженное выражение $(\sqrt{13} - 2)$:</p><p>$r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{(2 + \sqrt{13})(\sqrt{13} - 2)} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{(\sqrt{13})^2 - 2^2} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{13 - 4} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{9} = \frac{2(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{3}$ см.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\frac{2(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{3}$ см.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Дано: правильная треугольная пирамида $DABC$, высота $DO = 3$ см, боковое ребро $DA = 5$ см.</p><p>Так как пирамида правильная, в основании лежит равносторонний треугольник $ABC$, а высота $DO$ проецируется в его центр $O$. Точка $O$ является центром вписанной и описанной окружностей треугольника $ABC$.</p><p>Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник $DOA$. $DO$ — катет (высота пирамиды), $DA$ — гипотенуза (боковое ребро), $OA$ — второй катет. $OA$ является радиусом описанной окружности $R$ основания $ABC$.</p><p>По теореме Пифагора:</p><p>$OA = \sqrt{DA^2 - DO^2} = \sqrt{5^2 - 3^2} = \sqrt{25 - 9} = \sqrt{16} = 4$ см.</p><p>Итак, $R = OA = 4$ см.</p><p>Для равностороннего треугольника со стороной $a$ радиус описанной окружности $R = \frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}$. Отсюда найдем сторону основания $a$:</p><p>$a = R \cdot \sqrt{3} = 4\sqrt{3}$ см.</p><p>Радиус вписанной окружности $r$ для равностороннего треугольника равен $r = \frac{R}{2}$.</p><p>$r = OM = \frac{4}{2} = 2$ см, где $M$ — середина стороны $BC$.</p><p><strong>а) площадь полной поверхности пирамиды;</strong></p><p>Площадь полной поверхности пирамиды $S_{\text{полн}}$ равна сумме площади основания $S_{\text{осн}}$ и площади боковой поверхности $S_{\text{бок}}$.</p><p>1. Площадь основания (равностороннего треугольника):</p><p>$S_{\text{осн}} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(4\sqrt{3})^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{16 \cdot 3 \cdot \sqrt{3}}{4} = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p>2. Площадь боковой поверхности. $S_{\text{бок}} = 3 \cdot S_{\triangle DBC}$. Для нахождения площади боковой грани $DBC$ нужна ее высота (апофема пирамиды) $DM$. Найдем $DM$ из прямоугольного треугольника $DOM$ (где $M$ — середина $BC$):</p><p>$DM = \sqrt{DO^2 + OM^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} = \sqrt{9 + 4} = \sqrt{13}$ см.</p><p>Площадь одной боковой грани:</p><p>$S_{\triangle DBC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BC \cdot DM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{13} = 2\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p>Площадь всей боковой поверхности:</p><p>$S_{\text{бок}} = 3 \cdot 2\sqrt{39} = 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p>3. Площадь полной поверхности:</p><p>$S_{\text{полн}} = S_{\text{осн}} + S_{\text{бок}} = 12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39} = 6\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{13})$ см?.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p><strong>б) объём пирамиды;</strong></p><p>Объём пирамиды вычисляется по формуле $V = \frac{1}{3} S_{\text{осн}} \cdot H$, где $H=DO$.</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 12\sqrt{3} \cdot 3 = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p><strong>в) угол между боковым ребром и плоскостью основания;</strong></p><p>Угол между боковым ребром (например, $DA$) и плоскостью основания ($ABC$) — это угол между ребром и его проекцией на эту плоскость. Проекцией ребра $DA$ является отрезок $OA$. Искомый угол — это $\angle DAO$ в прямоугольном треугольнике $DOA$.</p><p>Мы знаем все стороны этого треугольника: $DO=3$, $OA=4$, $DA=5$.</p><p>$\sin(\angle DAO) = \frac{DO}{DA} = \frac{3}{5}$.</p><p>Следовательно, угол равен $\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)$.</p><p><strong>г) угол наклона боковой грани к плоскости основания;</strong></p><p>Угол наклона боковой грани (например, $DBC$) к плоскости основания ($ABC$) — это линейный угол двугранного угла, который образуется перпендикулярами, проведенными к линии их пересечения ($BC$). Такими перпендикулярами являются апофема $DM$ и радиус вписанной окружности $OM$. Искомый угол — это $\angle DMO$ в прямоугольном треугольнике $DOM$.</p><p>Мы знаем катеты этого треугольника: $DO=3$, $OM=2$.</p><p>$\text{tg}(\angle DMO) = \frac{DO}{OM} = \frac{3}{2}$.</p><p>Следовательно, угол равен $\text{arctg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\text{arctg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.</p><p><strong>д) скалярное произведение векторов $\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC})\overrightarrow{MA}$, где $M$ — середина ребра $BC$;</strong></p><p>1. Упростим первый вектор. По правилу сложения векторов, выходящих из одной точки, вектор $\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC}$ равен $2\overrightarrow{DM}$, где $M$ — середина отрезка $BC$.</p><p>Таким образом, $\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC}) = \frac{1}{2}(2\overrightarrow{DM}) = \overrightarrow{DM}$.</p><p>2. Нам нужно найти скалярное произведение $\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA}$.</p><p>По определению, скалярное произведение равно произведению длин векторов на косинус угла между ними: $\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA} = |\overrightarrow{DM}| \cdot |\overrightarrow{MA}| \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>3. Найдем длины векторов и косинус угла между ними. Рассмотрим треугольник $DMA$.</p><p>Длина $|\overrightarrow{DM}|$ — это апофема, мы ее нашли в пункте а): $|\overrightarrow{DM}| = \sqrt{13}$ см.</p><p>Длина $|\overrightarrow{MA}|$ — это медиана (и высота) равностороннего треугольника $ABC$. $|\overrightarrow{MA}| = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{4\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{4 \cdot 3}{2} = 6$ см.</p><p>Длина ребра $|\overrightarrow{DA}|$ дана по условию: $|\overrightarrow{DA}| = 5$ см.</p><p>4. По теореме косинусов для треугольника $DMA$:</p><p>$DA^2 = DM^2 + MA^2 - 2 \cdot DM \cdot MA \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$5^2 = (\sqrt{13})^2 + 6^2 - 2 \cdot \sqrt{13} \cdot 6 \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$25 = 13 + 36 - 12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$25 = 49 - 12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.</p><p>$12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA) = 49 - 25 = 24$.</p><p>$\cos(\angle DMA) = \frac{24}{12\sqrt{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$.</p><p>5. Вычисляем скалярное произведение:</p><p>$\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA} = |\overrightarrow{DM}| \cdot |\overrightarrow{MA}| \cdot \cos(\angle DMA) = \sqrt{13} \cdot 6 \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}} = 6 \cdot 2 = 12$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $12$.</p><p><strong>е) радиус шара, вписанного в пирамиду.</strong></p><p>Радиус $r_{\text{впис}}$ вписанного шара можно найти по формуле, связывающей объем пирамиды $V$ и площадь ее полной поверхности $S_{\text{полн}}$:</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{3} r_{\text{впис}} \cdot S_{\text{полн}}$.</p><p>Отсюда $r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{3V}{S_{\text{полн}}}$.</p><p>Из предыдущих пунктов имеем:</p><p>$V = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.</p><p>$S_{\text{полн}} = 12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.</p><p>Подставляем значения:</p><p>$r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{3 \cdot 12\sqrt{3}}{12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}} = \frac{36\sqrt{3}}{6\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{13})} = \frac{6}{2 + \sqrt{13}}$.</p><p>Избавимся от иррациональности в знаменателе, умножив числитель и знаменатель на сопряженное выражение $(\sqrt{13} - 2)$:</p><p>$r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{(2 + \sqrt{13})(\sqrt{13} - 2)} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{(\sqrt{13})^2 - 2^2} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{13 - 4} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{9} = \frac{2(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{3}$ см.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\frac{2(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{3}$ см.</p>"
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№766 (с. 189)
Условие. №766 (с. 189)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 189, номер 766, Условие

766. В правильной треугольной пирамиде DABC высота DO равна 3 см, а боковое ребро DA равно 5 см. Найдите:

а) площадь полной поверхности пирамиды;

б) объём пирамиды;

в) угол между боковым ребром и плоскостью основания;

г) угол наклона боковой грани к плоскости основания;

д) скалярное произведение векторов 12(DB + DC) MA, где M — середина ребра BC;

е) радиус шара, вписанного в пирамиду.

Решение 2. №766 (с. 189)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 189, номер 766, Решение 2
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 189, номер 766, Решение 2 (продолжение 2)
Решение 3. №766 (с. 189)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 189, номер 766, Решение 3
Решение 6. №766 (с. 189)

Дано: правильная треугольная пирамида $DABC$, высота $DO = 3$ см, боковое ребро $DA = 5$ см.

Так как пирамида правильная, в основании лежит равносторонний треугольник $ABC$, а высота $DO$ проецируется в его центр $O$. Точка $O$ является центром вписанной и описанной окружностей треугольника $ABC$.

Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник $DOA$. $DO$ — катет (высота пирамиды), $DA$ — гипотенуза (боковое ребро), $OA$ — второй катет. $OA$ является радиусом описанной окружности $R$ основания $ABC$.

По теореме Пифагора:

$OA = \sqrt{DA^2 - DO^2} = \sqrt{5^2 - 3^2} = \sqrt{25 - 9} = \sqrt{16} = 4$ см.

Итак, $R = OA = 4$ см.

Для равностороннего треугольника со стороной $a$ радиус описанной окружности $R = \frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}$. Отсюда найдем сторону основания $a$:

$a = R \cdot \sqrt{3} = 4\sqrt{3}$ см.

Радиус вписанной окружности $r$ для равностороннего треугольника равен $r = \frac{R}{2}$.

$r = OM = \frac{4}{2} = 2$ см, где $M$ — середина стороны $BC$.

а) площадь полной поверхности пирамиды;

Площадь полной поверхности пирамиды $S_{\text{полн}}$ равна сумме площади основания $S_{\text{осн}}$ и площади боковой поверхности $S_{\text{бок}}$.

1. Площадь основания (равностороннего треугольника):

$S_{\text{осн}} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(4\sqrt{3})^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{16 \cdot 3 \cdot \sqrt{3}}{4} = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.

2. Площадь боковой поверхности. $S_{\text{бок}} = 3 \cdot S_{\triangle DBC}$. Для нахождения площади боковой грани $DBC$ нужна ее высота (апофема пирамиды) $DM$. Найдем $DM$ из прямоугольного треугольника $DOM$ (где $M$ — середина $BC$):

$DM = \sqrt{DO^2 + OM^2} = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} = \sqrt{9 + 4} = \sqrt{13}$ см.

Площадь одной боковой грани:

$S_{\triangle DBC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BC \cdot DM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{13} = 2\sqrt{39}$ см?.

Площадь всей боковой поверхности:

$S_{\text{бок}} = 3 \cdot 2\sqrt{39} = 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.

3. Площадь полной поверхности:

$S_{\text{полн}} = S_{\text{осн}} + S_{\text{бок}} = 12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39} = 6\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{13})$ см?.

Ответ: $12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.

б) объём пирамиды;

Объём пирамиды вычисляется по формуле $V = \frac{1}{3} S_{\text{осн}} \cdot H$, где $H=DO$.

$V = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 12\sqrt{3} \cdot 3 = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.

Ответ: $12\sqrt{3}$ см?.

в) угол между боковым ребром и плоскостью основания;

Угол между боковым ребром (например, $DA$) и плоскостью основания ($ABC$) — это угол между ребром и его проекцией на эту плоскость. Проекцией ребра $DA$ является отрезок $OA$. Искомый угол — это $\angle DAO$ в прямоугольном треугольнике $DOA$.

Мы знаем все стороны этого треугольника: $DO=3$, $OA=4$, $DA=5$.

$\sin(\angle DAO) = \frac{DO}{DA} = \frac{3}{5}$.

Следовательно, угол равен $\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)$.

Ответ: $\arcsin\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)$.

г) угол наклона боковой грани к плоскости основания;

Угол наклона боковой грани (например, $DBC$) к плоскости основания ($ABC$) — это линейный угол двугранного угла, который образуется перпендикулярами, проведенными к линии их пересечения ($BC$). Такими перпендикулярами являются апофема $DM$ и радиус вписанной окружности $OM$. Искомый угол — это $\angle DMO$ в прямоугольном треугольнике $DOM$.

Мы знаем катеты этого треугольника: $DO=3$, $OM=2$.

$\text{tg}(\angle DMO) = \frac{DO}{OM} = \frac{3}{2}$.

Следовательно, угол равен $\text{arctg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.

Ответ: $\text{arctg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.

д) скалярное произведение векторов $\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC})\overrightarrow{MA}$, где $M$ — середина ребра $BC$;

1. Упростим первый вектор. По правилу сложения векторов, выходящих из одной точки, вектор $\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC}$ равен $2\overrightarrow{DM}$, где $M$ — середина отрезка $BC$.

Таким образом, $\frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{DB} + \overrightarrow{DC}) = \frac{1}{2}(2\overrightarrow{DM}) = \overrightarrow{DM}$.

2. Нам нужно найти скалярное произведение $\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA}$.

По определению, скалярное произведение равно произведению длин векторов на косинус угла между ними: $\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA} = |\overrightarrow{DM}| \cdot |\overrightarrow{MA}| \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.

3. Найдем длины векторов и косинус угла между ними. Рассмотрим треугольник $DMA$.

Длина $|\overrightarrow{DM}|$ — это апофема, мы ее нашли в пункте а): $|\overrightarrow{DM}| = \sqrt{13}$ см.

Длина $|\overrightarrow{MA}|$ — это медиана (и высота) равностороннего треугольника $ABC$. $|\overrightarrow{MA}| = \frac{a\sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{4\sqrt{3} \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{4 \cdot 3}{2} = 6$ см.

Длина ребра $|\overrightarrow{DA}|$ дана по условию: $|\overrightarrow{DA}| = 5$ см.

4. По теореме косинусов для треугольника $DMA$:

$DA^2 = DM^2 + MA^2 - 2 \cdot DM \cdot MA \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.

$5^2 = (\sqrt{13})^2 + 6^2 - 2 \cdot \sqrt{13} \cdot 6 \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.

$25 = 13 + 36 - 12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.

$25 = 49 - 12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA)$.

$12\sqrt{13} \cdot \cos(\angle DMA) = 49 - 25 = 24$.

$\cos(\angle DMA) = \frac{24}{12\sqrt{13}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}$.

5. Вычисляем скалярное произведение:

$\overrightarrow{DM} \cdot \overrightarrow{MA} = |\overrightarrow{DM}| \cdot |\overrightarrow{MA}| \cdot \cos(\angle DMA) = \sqrt{13} \cdot 6 \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}} = 6 \cdot 2 = 12$.

Ответ: $12$.

е) радиус шара, вписанного в пирамиду.

Радиус $r_{\text{впис}}$ вписанного шара можно найти по формуле, связывающей объем пирамиды $V$ и площадь ее полной поверхности $S_{\text{полн}}$:

$V = \frac{1}{3} r_{\text{впис}} \cdot S_{\text{полн}}$.

Отсюда $r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{3V}{S_{\text{полн}}}$.

Из предыдущих пунктов имеем:

$V = 12\sqrt{3}$ см?.

$S_{\text{полн}} = 12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}$ см?.

Подставляем значения:

$r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{3 \cdot 12\sqrt{3}}{12\sqrt{3} + 6\sqrt{39}} = \frac{36\sqrt{3}}{6\sqrt{3}(2 + \sqrt{13})} = \frac{6}{2 + \sqrt{13}}$.

Избавимся от иррациональности в знаменателе, умножив числитель и знаменатель на сопряженное выражение $(\sqrt{13} - 2)$:

$r_{\text{впис}} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{(2 + \sqrt{13})(\sqrt{13} - 2)} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{(\sqrt{13})^2 - 2^2} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{13 - 4} = \frac{6(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{9} = \frac{2(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{3}$ см.

Ответ: $\frac{2(\sqrt{13} - 2)}{3}$ см.

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