Номер 803, страница 192 - гдз по геометрии 10-11 класс учебник Атанасян, Бутузов

Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета

Авторы: Атанасян Л. С., Бутузов В. Ф., Кадомцев С. Б., Позняк Э. Г., Киселёва Л. С.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый и углублённый

Цвет обложки: коричневый с ромбами

ISBN: 978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия

Глава 7. Метод координат в пространстве. Движения. Параграф 3. Движения, дополнительные задачи - номер 803, страница 192.

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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p> <b>803.</b> Докажите, что объём тетраэдра равен <span class="long"> <span class="fraction"><span>1</span><span>6</span></span><i>abc</i> sin φ,</span> где а и b — противоположные рёбра, а φ и <i>с</i> — соответственно угол и расстояние между ними. </p>"
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184}
            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p> <b>803.</b> Докажите, что объём тетраэдра равен <span class="long"> <span class="fraction"><span>1</span><span>6</span></span><i>abc</i> sin φ,</span> где а и b — противоположные рёбра, а φ и <i>с</i> — соответственно угол и расстояние между ними. </p>"
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        1 => App\Models\Element {#1182
          #connection: "mysql"
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1183
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #attributes: array:21 [ …21]
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              "refs" => "745218"
              "type" => "task"
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                "name" => "803-1.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 2568
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          ]
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            "id" => 942764
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "745218"
              "type" => "task"
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            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "803-1.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 2568
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            0 => "*"
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        2 => App\Models\Element {#1190
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 1352531
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1191
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #attributes: array:21 [ …21]
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            "text" => "<p>Для доказательства воспользуемся методами векторной алгебры.</p><p>Пусть в тетраэдре выбраны два противоположных (скрещивающихся) ребра. Обозначим векторы, соответствующие этим рёбрам, как $\vec{p}$ и $\vec{q}$. Согласно условию задачи:</p><ul><li>$a = |\vec{p}|$ и $b = |\vec{q}|$ — длины этих рёбер.</li> <li>$\varphi$ — угол между прямыми, содержащими эти рёбра (т.е. угол между направлениями векторов $\vec{p}$ и $\vec{q}$).</li> <li>$c$ — кратчайшее расстояние между этими прямыми.</li></ul><p>Объём тетраэдра $V$ может быть выражен через смешанное произведение векторов, представляющих два противоположных ребра ($\vec{p}$, $\vec{q}$) и вектор $\vec{d}$, соединяющий какие-либо две точки на этих рёбрах (например, их начала). Формула для объёма имеет вид:</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{6} |(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d}|$</p><p>Рассмотрим модуль смешанного произведения в этой формуле.</p><p>Вектор $\vec{n} = \vec{p} \times \vec{q}$ по определению векторного произведения перпендикулярен как вектору $\vec{p}$, так и вектору $\vec{q}$. Следовательно, он задаёт направление общего перпендикуляра к двум скрещивающимся прямым, на которых лежат рёбра.</p><p>Модуль этого вектора равен:</p><p>$|\vec{n}| = |\vec{p} \times \vec{q}| = |\vec{p}| \cdot |\vec{q}| \cdot \sin\varphi = ab\sin\varphi$</p><p>Теперь рассмотрим скалярное произведение $(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d} = \vec{n} \cdot \vec{d}$. Его модуль можно записать как:</p><p>$|\vec{n} \cdot \vec{d}| = |\vec{n}| \cdot |\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta|$, где $\theta$ — угол между векторами $\vec{n}$ и $\vec{d}$.</p><p>Величина $|\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta|$ представляет собой модуль проекции вектора $\vec{d}$ на направление вектора $\vec{n}$. Так как вектор $\vec{d}$ соединяет точки на двух скрещивающихся прямых, а вектор $\vec{n}$ задаёт направление общего перпендикуляра к ним, то модуль этой проекции есть в точности кратчайшее расстояние $c$ между этими прямыми.</p><p>$c = |\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta| = |\text{пр}_{\vec{n}}\vec{d}|$</p><p>Таким образом, мы можем выразить модуль смешанного произведения:</p><p>$|(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d}| = |\vec{n}| \cdot c = (ab\sin\varphi) \cdot c = abc\sin\varphi$</p><p>Подставим это выражение в формулу для объёма тетраэдра:</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{6} (abc\sin\varphi)$</p><p>Что и требовалось доказать.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Утверждение доказано. Объем тетраэдра, выраженный через длины $a$ и $b$ двух противоположных рёбер, расстояние $c$ и угол $\varphi$ между ними, действительно равен $V = \frac{1}{6} abc\sin\varphi$.</p>"
          ]
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            "id" => 1352531
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "745218"
              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p>Для доказательства воспользуемся методами векторной алгебры.</p><p>Пусть в тетраэдре выбраны два противоположных (скрещивающихся) ребра. Обозначим векторы, соответствующие этим рёбрам, как $\vec{p}$ и $\vec{q}$. Согласно условию задачи:</p><ul><li>$a = |\vec{p}|$ и $b = |\vec{q}|$ — длины этих рёбер.</li> <li>$\varphi$ — угол между прямыми, содержащими эти рёбра (т.е. угол между направлениями векторов $\vec{p}$ и $\vec{q}$).</li> <li>$c$ — кратчайшее расстояние между этими прямыми.</li></ul><p>Объём тетраэдра $V$ может быть выражен через смешанное произведение векторов, представляющих два противоположных ребра ($\vec{p}$, $\vec{q}$) и вектор $\vec{d}$, соединяющий какие-либо две точки на этих рёбрах (например, их начала). Формула для объёма имеет вид:</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{6} |(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d}|$</p><p>Рассмотрим модуль смешанного произведения в этой формуле.</p><p>Вектор $\vec{n} = \vec{p} \times \vec{q}$ по определению векторного произведения перпендикулярен как вектору $\vec{p}$, так и вектору $\vec{q}$. Следовательно, он задаёт направление общего перпендикуляра к двум скрещивающимся прямым, на которых лежат рёбра.</p><p>Модуль этого вектора равен:</p><p>$|\vec{n}| = |\vec{p} \times \vec{q}| = |\vec{p}| \cdot |\vec{q}| \cdot \sin\varphi = ab\sin\varphi$</p><p>Теперь рассмотрим скалярное произведение $(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d} = \vec{n} \cdot \vec{d}$. Его модуль можно записать как:</p><p>$|\vec{n} \cdot \vec{d}| = |\vec{n}| \cdot |\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta|$, где $\theta$ — угол между векторами $\vec{n}$ и $\vec{d}$.</p><p>Величина $|\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta|$ представляет собой модуль проекции вектора $\vec{d}$ на направление вектора $\vec{n}$. Так как вектор $\vec{d}$ соединяет точки на двух скрещивающихся прямых, а вектор $\vec{n}$ задаёт направление общего перпендикуляра к ним, то модуль этой проекции есть в точности кратчайшее расстояние $c$ между этими прямыми.</p><p>$c = |\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta| = |\text{пр}_{\vec{n}}\vec{d}|$</p><p>Таким образом, мы можем выразить модуль смешанного произведения:</p><p>$|(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d}| = |\vec{n}| \cdot c = (ab\sin\varphi) \cdot c = abc\sin\varphi$</p><p>Подставим это выражение в формулу для объёма тетраэдра:</p><p>$V = \frac{1}{6} (abc\sin\varphi)$</p><p>Что и требовалось доказать.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Утверждение доказано. Объем тетраэдра, выраженный через длины $a$ и $b$ двух противоположных рёбер, расстояние $c$ и угол $\varphi$ между ними, действительно равен $V = \frac{1}{6} abc\sin\varphi$.</p>"
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    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227
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        0 => App\Models\Book {#1172
          #connection: "mysql"
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          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
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            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1164
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
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            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1173
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Term {#1169
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1170
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168
              #items: array:5 [
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                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
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                  +incrementing: false
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                }
                1 => App\Models\Term {#1199
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Term {#1201
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                3 => App\Models\Term {#1202
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                4 => App\Models\Term {#1203
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1206
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                  #original: array:10 [ …10]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1208
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1210
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1214
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1216
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                  #original: array:10 [ …10]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_publication_number" => "11"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1218
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => "с ромбами"
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
            "field_reserve_field" => "Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия"
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "1147"
            "field_priority" => "12"
            "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1200"
                "height" => "1661"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => null
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/atanasjan-uchebnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1224
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 381
              "subject" => 543
              "class_subject" => 392
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:50 [
            "id" => 36
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165}
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171}
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167}
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168}
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204}
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205}
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207}
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209}
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211}
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212}
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213}
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215}
            "field_publication_number" => "11"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217}
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219}
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => "с ромбами"
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
            "field_reserve_field" => "Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия"
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "1147"
            "field_priority" => "12"
            "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1200"
                "height" => "1661"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => null
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220}
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221}
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222}
            "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/atanasjan-uchebnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 381
              "subject" => 543
              "class_subject" => 392
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1231
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 933974
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "192"
            "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/atanasjan-uchebnik/page-192"
            "field_display_title" => "192"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "192"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1172}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1244
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "933975"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "933973"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1433
              #items: array:13 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#1453
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#1459
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Task {#1464
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                3 => App\Models\Task {#1478
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                4 => App\Models\Task {#1492
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                5 => App\Models\Task {#1506
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                6 => App\Models\Task {#1520
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                7 => App\Models\Task {#1534
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                8 => App\Models\Task {#1548
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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№803 (с. 192)
Условие. №803 (с. 192)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 192, номер 803, Условие

803. Докажите, что объём тетраэдра равен 16abc sin φ, где а и b — противоположные рёбра, а φ и с — соответственно угол и расстояние между ними.

Решение 2. №803 (с. 192)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 192, номер 803, Решение 2
Решение 6. №803 (с. 192)

Для доказательства воспользуемся методами векторной алгебры.

Пусть в тетраэдре выбраны два противоположных (скрещивающихся) ребра. Обозначим векторы, соответствующие этим рёбрам, как $\vec{p}$ и $\vec{q}$. Согласно условию задачи:

  • $a = |\vec{p}|$ и $b = |\vec{q}|$ — длины этих рёбер.
  • $\varphi$ — угол между прямыми, содержащими эти рёбра (т.е. угол между направлениями векторов $\vec{p}$ и $\vec{q}$).
  • $c$ — кратчайшее расстояние между этими прямыми.

Объём тетраэдра $V$ может быть выражен через смешанное произведение векторов, представляющих два противоположных ребра ($\vec{p}$, $\vec{q}$) и вектор $\vec{d}$, соединяющий какие-либо две точки на этих рёбрах (например, их начала). Формула для объёма имеет вид:

$V = \frac{1}{6} |(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d}|$

Рассмотрим модуль смешанного произведения в этой формуле.

Вектор $\vec{n} = \vec{p} \times \vec{q}$ по определению векторного произведения перпендикулярен как вектору $\vec{p}$, так и вектору $\vec{q}$. Следовательно, он задаёт направление общего перпендикуляра к двум скрещивающимся прямым, на которых лежат рёбра.

Модуль этого вектора равен:

$|\vec{n}| = |\vec{p} \times \vec{q}| = |\vec{p}| \cdot |\vec{q}| \cdot \sin\varphi = ab\sin\varphi$

Теперь рассмотрим скалярное произведение $(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d} = \vec{n} \cdot \vec{d}$. Его модуль можно записать как:

$|\vec{n} \cdot \vec{d}| = |\vec{n}| \cdot |\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta|$, где $\theta$ — угол между векторами $\vec{n}$ и $\vec{d}$.

Величина $|\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta|$ представляет собой модуль проекции вектора $\vec{d}$ на направление вектора $\vec{n}$. Так как вектор $\vec{d}$ соединяет точки на двух скрещивающихся прямых, а вектор $\vec{n}$ задаёт направление общего перпендикуляра к ним, то модуль этой проекции есть в точности кратчайшее расстояние $c$ между этими прямыми.

$c = |\vec{d}| \cdot |\cos\theta| = |\text{пр}_{\vec{n}}\vec{d}|$

Таким образом, мы можем выразить модуль смешанного произведения:

$|(\vec{p} \times \vec{q}) \cdot \vec{d}| = |\vec{n}| \cdot c = (ab\sin\varphi) \cdot c = abc\sin\varphi$

Подставим это выражение в формулу для объёма тетраэдра:

$V = \frac{1}{6} (abc\sin\varphi)$

Что и требовалось доказать.

Ответ: Утверждение доказано. Объем тетраэдра, выраженный через длины $a$ и $b$ двух противоположных рёбер, расстояние $c$ и угол $\varphi$ между ними, действительно равен $V = \frac{1}{6} abc\sin\varphi$.

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