Номер 810, страница 193 - гдз по геометрии 10-11 класс учебник Атанасян, Бутузов

Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета

Авторы: Атанасян Л. С., Бутузов В. Ф., Кадомцев С. Б., Позняк Э. Г., Киселёва Л. С.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый и углублённый

Цвет обложки: коричневый с ромбами

ISBN: 978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия

Глава 7. Метод координат в пространстве. Движения. Параграф 3. Движения, дополнительные задачи - номер 810, страница 193.

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                      ]
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                    }
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
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                    }
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                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1073
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                      ]
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1075
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                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => null
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1077
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                      ]
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                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
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                    "field_link_to_source" => null
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                      ]
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                    }
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                    }
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                    }
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                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1083
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "name" => "коричневый"
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                          ]
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              ]
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
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            }
          ]
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            "field_branch_order" => "7"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "160"
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            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
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            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086}
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          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #perPage: 15
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          #attributes: array:24 [
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_display_title" => "Метод координат в пространстве. Движения"
            "field_branch_order" => "7"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
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            }
            "field_page_start" => "160"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
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            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
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            "field_navigation_title" => null
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            "field_metatags_description" => null
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            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
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            "id" => 744405
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Метод координат в пространстве. Движения"
            "field_branch_order" => "7"
            "field_url" => null
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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            "id" => 744410
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1134
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
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                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            }
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118
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            "id" => 940012
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                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2315
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p> <b>810.</b> Вокруг данного шара описан конус с углом α при вершине осевого сечения. При каком значении α конус имеет наименьший объём? </p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
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                "width" => "1559"
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                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/0-00/810-1.webp?ts=1739436917"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103}
            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p> <b>810.</b> Вокруг данного шара описан конус с углом α при вершине осевого сечения. При каком значении α конус имеет наименьший объём? </p>"
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        1 => App\Models\Element {#1104
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                    0 => "*"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
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                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 3487
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095}
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        2 => App\Models\Element {#1091
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1096
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "text" => "<p>Пусть $r$ — радиус данного шара, который является постоянной величиной. Рассмотрим осевое сечение конуса, которое представляет собой равнобедренный треугольник, описанный вокруг большой окружности шара. Пусть $H$ — высота конуса, $R$ — радиус его основания, а $\alpha$ — угол при вершине осевого сечения.</p><p>Свяжем размеры конуса $H$ и $R$ с радиусом шара $r$ и углом $\alpha$. В осевом сечении мы имеем равнобедренный треугольник с углом $\alpha$ при вершине, в который вписана окружность радиуса $r$. Центр окружности лежит на высоте треугольника.</p><p>Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник, образованный высотой конуса $H$, его образующей и радиусом основания $R$. Половина угла при вершине равна $\alpha/2$. Из этого треугольника имеем:$R = H \cdot \tan(\frac{\alpha}{2})$.</p><p>Теперь рассмотрим другой прямоугольный треугольник, образованный отрезком от вершины конуса до центра шара, радиусом шара, проведенным в точку касания с образующей, и частью образующей. В этом треугольнике гипотенуза — это расстояние от вершины конуса до центра шара, а катет, противолежащий углу $\alpha/2$, — это радиус шара $r$. Расстояние от вершины конуса до центра шара равно $\frac{r}{\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Высота конуса $H$ складывается из этого расстояния и радиуса шара $r$:$H = \frac{r}{\sin(\alpha/2)} + r = r \left( \frac{1}{\sin(\alpha/2)} + 1 \right) = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Теперь выразим радиус основания $R$ через $r$ и $\alpha$:$R = H \tan(\frac{\alpha}{2}) = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} \cdot \frac{\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)} = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Объем конуса $V$ вычисляется по формуле $V = \frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 H$. Подставим полученные выражения для $R$ и $H$:$V(\alpha) = \frac{1}{3}\pi \left( r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)} \right)^2 \left( r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} \right)$$V(\alpha) = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^2}{\cos^2(\alpha/2)} \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^3}{\cos^2(\alpha/2)\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Используем тригонометрическое тождество $\cos^2(\alpha/2) = 1 - \sin^2(\alpha/2) = (1-\sin(\alpha/2))(1+\sin(\alpha/2))$:$V(\alpha) = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^3}{(1-\sin(\alpha/2))(1+\sin(\alpha/2))\sin(\alpha/2)} = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^2}{(1-\sin(\alpha/2))\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Для нахождения наименьшего объема нужно найти минимум этой функции. Так как $r$ — константа, нам нужно минимизировать выражение, зависящее от $\alpha$. Сделаем замену $x = \sin(\alpha/2)$. Поскольку $0 &lt; \alpha &lt; \pi$, то $0 &lt; \alpha/2 &lt; \pi/2$, и следовательно $0 &lt; x &lt; 1$.Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{(1+x)^2}{x(1-x)} = \frac{1+2x+x^2}{x-x^2}$.</p><p>Найдем производную $f'(x)$ и приравняем ее к нулю:$f'(x) = \frac{(2+2x)(x-x^2) - (1+2x+x^2)(1-2x)}{(x-x^2)^2} = 0$.Знаменатель не равен нулю при $x \in (0,1)$, поэтому приравняем к нулю числитель:$(2+2x)(x-x^2) - (1+2x+x^2)(1-2x) = 0$$2x-2x^2+2x^2-2x^3 - (1-2x+2x-4x^2+x^2-2x^3) = 0$$2x-2x^3 - (1-3x^2-2x^3) = 0$$2x-2x^3 - 1+3x^2+2x^3 = 0$$3x^2+2x-1 = 0$.</p><p>Решим квадратное уравнение относительно $x$:$D = 2^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-1) = 4 + 12 = 16$.$x_{1,2} = \frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{16}}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{-2 \pm 4}{6}$.$x_1 = \frac{-2+4}{6} = \frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{3}$.$x_2 = \frac{-2-4}{6} = -1$.</p><p>Поскольку $x = \sin(\alpha/2)$ и $x \in (0,1)$, нам подходит только корень $x = 1/3$.Проверим знак производной. Функция $3x^2+2x-1$ является параболой с ветвями вверх, она отрицательна между корнями $(-1, 1/3)$ и положительна вне этого интервала. Таким образом, при переходе через точку $x=1/3$ производная меняет знак с минуса на плюс. Это означает, что в этой точке достигается минимум функции.</p><p>Итак, объем конуса минимален, когда $\sin(\alpha/2) = 1/3$.Отсюда находим $\alpha$:$\frac{\alpha}{2} = \arcsin(1/3)$,$\alpha = 2\arcsin(1/3)$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Конус имеет наименьший объем при значении угла $\alpha = 2\arcsin(1/3)$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Пусть $r$ — радиус данного шара, который является постоянной величиной. Рассмотрим осевое сечение конуса, которое представляет собой равнобедренный треугольник, описанный вокруг большой окружности шара. Пусть $H$ — высота конуса, $R$ — радиус его основания, а $\alpha$ — угол при вершине осевого сечения.</p><p>Свяжем размеры конуса $H$ и $R$ с радиусом шара $r$ и углом $\alpha$. В осевом сечении мы имеем равнобедренный треугольник с углом $\alpha$ при вершине, в который вписана окружность радиуса $r$. Центр окружности лежит на высоте треугольника.</p><p>Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник, образованный высотой конуса $H$, его образующей и радиусом основания $R$. Половина угла при вершине равна $\alpha/2$. Из этого треугольника имеем:$R = H \cdot \tan(\frac{\alpha}{2})$.</p><p>Теперь рассмотрим другой прямоугольный треугольник, образованный отрезком от вершины конуса до центра шара, радиусом шара, проведенным в точку касания с образующей, и частью образующей. В этом треугольнике гипотенуза — это расстояние от вершины конуса до центра шара, а катет, противолежащий углу $\alpha/2$, — это радиус шара $r$. Расстояние от вершины конуса до центра шара равно $\frac{r}{\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Высота конуса $H$ складывается из этого расстояния и радиуса шара $r$:$H = \frac{r}{\sin(\alpha/2)} + r = r \left( \frac{1}{\sin(\alpha/2)} + 1 \right) = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Теперь выразим радиус основания $R$ через $r$ и $\alpha$:$R = H \tan(\frac{\alpha}{2}) = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} \cdot \frac{\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)} = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Объем конуса $V$ вычисляется по формуле $V = \frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 H$. Подставим полученные выражения для $R$ и $H$:$V(\alpha) = \frac{1}{3}\pi \left( r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)} \right)^2 \left( r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} \right)$$V(\alpha) = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^2}{\cos^2(\alpha/2)} \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^3}{\cos^2(\alpha/2)\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Используем тригонометрическое тождество $\cos^2(\alpha/2) = 1 - \sin^2(\alpha/2) = (1-\sin(\alpha/2))(1+\sin(\alpha/2))$:$V(\alpha) = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^3}{(1-\sin(\alpha/2))(1+\sin(\alpha/2))\sin(\alpha/2)} = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^2}{(1-\sin(\alpha/2))\sin(\alpha/2)}$.</p><p>Для нахождения наименьшего объема нужно найти минимум этой функции. Так как $r$ — константа, нам нужно минимизировать выражение, зависящее от $\alpha$. Сделаем замену $x = \sin(\alpha/2)$. Поскольку $0 &lt; \alpha &lt; \pi$, то $0 &lt; \alpha/2 &lt; \pi/2$, и следовательно $0 &lt; x &lt; 1$.Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{(1+x)^2}{x(1-x)} = \frac{1+2x+x^2}{x-x^2}$.</p><p>Найдем производную $f'(x)$ и приравняем ее к нулю:$f'(x) = \frac{(2+2x)(x-x^2) - (1+2x+x^2)(1-2x)}{(x-x^2)^2} = 0$.Знаменатель не равен нулю при $x \in (0,1)$, поэтому приравняем к нулю числитель:$(2+2x)(x-x^2) - (1+2x+x^2)(1-2x) = 0$$2x-2x^2+2x^2-2x^3 - (1-2x+2x-4x^2+x^2-2x^3) = 0$$2x-2x^3 - (1-3x^2-2x^3) = 0$$2x-2x^3 - 1+3x^2+2x^3 = 0$$3x^2+2x-1 = 0$.</p><p>Решим квадратное уравнение относительно $x$:$D = 2^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-1) = 4 + 12 = 16$.$x_{1,2} = \frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{16}}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{-2 \pm 4}{6}$.$x_1 = \frac{-2+4}{6} = \frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{3}$.$x_2 = \frac{-2-4}{6} = -1$.</p><p>Поскольку $x = \sin(\alpha/2)$ и $x \in (0,1)$, нам подходит только корень $x = 1/3$.Проверим знак производной. Функция $3x^2+2x-1$ является параболой с ветвями вверх, она отрицательна между корнями $(-1, 1/3)$ и положительна вне этого интервала. Таким образом, при переходе через точку $x=1/3$ производная меняет знак с минуса на плюс. Это означает, что в этой точке достигается минимум функции.</p><p>Итак, объем конуса минимален, когда $\sin(\alpha/2) = 1/3$.Отсюда находим $\alpha$:$\frac{\alpha}{2} = \arcsin(1/3)$,$\alpha = 2\arcsin(1/3)$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Конус имеет наименьший объем при значении угла $\alpha = 2\arcsin(1/3)$.</p>"
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№810 (с. 193)
Условие. №810 (с. 193)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 193, номер 810, Условие

810. Вокруг данного шара описан конус с углом α при вершине осевого сечения. При каком значении α конус имеет наименьший объём?

Решение 2. №810 (с. 193)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 193, номер 810, Решение 2
Решение 6. №810 (с. 193)

Пусть $r$ — радиус данного шара, который является постоянной величиной. Рассмотрим осевое сечение конуса, которое представляет собой равнобедренный треугольник, описанный вокруг большой окружности шара. Пусть $H$ — высота конуса, $R$ — радиус его основания, а $\alpha$ — угол при вершине осевого сечения.

Свяжем размеры конуса $H$ и $R$ с радиусом шара $r$ и углом $\alpha$. В осевом сечении мы имеем равнобедренный треугольник с углом $\alpha$ при вершине, в который вписана окружность радиуса $r$. Центр окружности лежит на высоте треугольника.

Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник, образованный высотой конуса $H$, его образующей и радиусом основания $R$. Половина угла при вершине равна $\alpha/2$. Из этого треугольника имеем:$R = H \cdot \tan(\frac{\alpha}{2})$.

Теперь рассмотрим другой прямоугольный треугольник, образованный отрезком от вершины конуса до центра шара, радиусом шара, проведенным в точку касания с образующей, и частью образующей. В этом треугольнике гипотенуза — это расстояние от вершины конуса до центра шара, а катет, противолежащий углу $\alpha/2$, — это радиус шара $r$. Расстояние от вершины конуса до центра шара равно $\frac{r}{\sin(\alpha/2)}$.

Высота конуса $H$ складывается из этого расстояния и радиуса шара $r$:$H = \frac{r}{\sin(\alpha/2)} + r = r \left( \frac{1}{\sin(\alpha/2)} + 1 \right) = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)}$.

Теперь выразим радиус основания $R$ через $r$ и $\alpha$:$R = H \tan(\frac{\alpha}{2}) = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} \cdot \frac{\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)} = r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)}$.

Объем конуса $V$ вычисляется по формуле $V = \frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 H$. Подставим полученные выражения для $R$ и $H$:$V(\alpha) = \frac{1}{3}\pi \left( r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\cos(\alpha/2)} \right)^2 \left( r \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} \right)$$V(\alpha) = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^2}{\cos^2(\alpha/2)} \frac{1+\sin(\alpha/2)}{\sin(\alpha/2)} = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^3}{\cos^2(\alpha/2)\sin(\alpha/2)}$.

Используем тригонометрическое тождество $\cos^2(\alpha/2) = 1 - \sin^2(\alpha/2) = (1-\sin(\alpha/2))(1+\sin(\alpha/2))$:$V(\alpha) = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^3}{(1-\sin(\alpha/2))(1+\sin(\alpha/2))\sin(\alpha/2)} = \frac{\pi r^3}{3} \frac{(1+\sin(\alpha/2))^2}{(1-\sin(\alpha/2))\sin(\alpha/2)}$.

Для нахождения наименьшего объема нужно найти минимум этой функции. Так как $r$ — константа, нам нужно минимизировать выражение, зависящее от $\alpha$. Сделаем замену $x = \sin(\alpha/2)$. Поскольку $0 < \alpha < \pi$, то $0 < \alpha/2 < \pi/2$, и следовательно $0 < x < 1$.Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{(1+x)^2}{x(1-x)} = \frac{1+2x+x^2}{x-x^2}$.

Найдем производную $f'(x)$ и приравняем ее к нулю:$f'(x) = \frac{(2+2x)(x-x^2) - (1+2x+x^2)(1-2x)}{(x-x^2)^2} = 0$.Знаменатель не равен нулю при $x \in (0,1)$, поэтому приравняем к нулю числитель:$(2+2x)(x-x^2) - (1+2x+x^2)(1-2x) = 0$$2x-2x^2+2x^2-2x^3 - (1-2x+2x-4x^2+x^2-2x^3) = 0$$2x-2x^3 - (1-3x^2-2x^3) = 0$$2x-2x^3 - 1+3x^2+2x^3 = 0$$3x^2+2x-1 = 0$.

Решим квадратное уравнение относительно $x$:$D = 2^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-1) = 4 + 12 = 16$.$x_{1,2} = \frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{16}}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{-2 \pm 4}{6}$.$x_1 = \frac{-2+4}{6} = \frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{3}$.$x_2 = \frac{-2-4}{6} = -1$.

Поскольку $x = \sin(\alpha/2)$ и $x \in (0,1)$, нам подходит только корень $x = 1/3$.Проверим знак производной. Функция $3x^2+2x-1$ является параболой с ветвями вверх, она отрицательна между корнями $(-1, 1/3)$ и положительна вне этого интервала. Таким образом, при переходе через точку $x=1/3$ производная меняет знак с минуса на плюс. Это означает, что в этой точке достигается минимум функции.

Итак, объем конуса минимален, когда $\sin(\alpha/2) = 1/3$.Отсюда находим $\alpha$:$\frac{\alpha}{2} = \arcsin(1/3)$,$\alpha = 2\arcsin(1/3)$.

Ответ: Конус имеет наименьший объем при значении угла $\alpha = 2\arcsin(1/3)$.

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