Номер 6, страница 7 - гдз по геометрии 10 класс рабочая тетрадь Глазков, Юдина

Геометрия, 10 класс рабочая тетрадь, авторы: Глазков Юрий Александрович, Юдина Ирина Игоревна, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2020, коричневого цвета

Авторы: Глазков Ю. А., Юдина И. И., Бутузов В. Ф.

Тип: рабочая тетрадь

Серия: мгу - школе

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2020 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый и углублённый

Цвет обложки: коричневый в сеточку

ISBN: 978-5-09-097573-5

1.1. Параллельность прямых, прямой и плоскости - номер 6, страница 7.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
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  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 738473
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "7"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/glazkov-tetrad/00-6"
    "field_display_title" => "6"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
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              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
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    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035
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    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045
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          #table: "branches"
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          #keyType: "int"
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1048
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
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                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1052
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
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                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "10"
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                              "field_prepositional_case" => "десятом"
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1054
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
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                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1056
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                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1057
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
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                      ]
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
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                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          ]
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                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1067
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4728
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "mgu - shkole"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 4728
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "мгу - школе"
                            "field_cases" => null
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                            "field_translit" => "mgu - shkole"
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                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1070
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 41
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый и углублённый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "базовый и углубленный"
                              "field_creative_case" => "базовым и углубленным"
                              "field_dative_case" => "базовому и углубленному"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "базового и углубленного"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "базовый и углубленный"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом и углубленном"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy i uglublennyy"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 41
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый и углублённый"
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                              "field_dative_case" => "базовому и углубленному"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "базового и углубленного"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "базовый и углубленный"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом и углубленном"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy i uglublennyy"
                          ]
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
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                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
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                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1072
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "field_type" => null
                          ]
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "4"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1074
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 33
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "стереотипное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
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                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 33
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "стереотипное"
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                              "field_nominative_case" => null
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                          ]
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                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
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                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => "в сеточку"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2020"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "110"
                    "field_priority" => "14"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-097573-5"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739295144"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739295144"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
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                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/glazkov-tetrad"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1080
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 51
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "коричневый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "коричневый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "коричневым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "коричневому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "коричневого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "коричневый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "коричневом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "korichnevyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 51
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "коричневый"
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                              "field_accusative_case" => "коричневый"
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                              "field_dative_case" => "коричневому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "коричневого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "коричневый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "коричневом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "korichnevyy"
                          ]
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                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #hidden: []
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                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
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                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 261
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071}
                    "field_publication_number" => "4"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => "в сеточку"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2020"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
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                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
                    "field_allowed" => null
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                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "110"
                    "field_priority" => "14"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-097573-5"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739295144"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739295144"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
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                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/glazkov-tetrad"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
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                    ]
                  ]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
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                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 738453
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "1.1. Параллельность прямых, прямой и плоскости"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047}
            "field_page_start" => "7"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081}
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1088
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 937087
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1097
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2220
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1099
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "margarita"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2220
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "margarita"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "738473"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p>На рисунке прямая $PM$ пересекает плоскость $\alpha$ в точке $M$, $N \in PM$, причем $MN:NP = 2:1$, $PP_1 \parallel NN_1$, $NN_1 = 14$ см, $P_1$ и $N_1$ &mdash; точки пересечения параллельных прямых с плоскостью $\alpha$.</p><p><strong>а)</strong> Докажите, что точки $M, N_1$ и $P_1$ лежат на одной прямой.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Найдите длину отрезка $PP_1$.</p><p><strong>Решение.</strong></p><p><strong>а)</strong> Прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ задают некоторую плоскость, так как параллельные прямые <u> </u>. Обозначим эту плоскость буквой $\beta$. Тогда по аксиоме <u> </u> прямая $NP$ лежит <u> </u> и поэтому $M \in \beta$, так как <u> </u>. Плоскости $\alpha$ и $\beta$ имеют общую точку $M$, а потому, согласно <u> </u>, пересекаются по прямой, на которой лежат все общие точки <u> </u>. Точки $M, N_1$ и $P_1$ &mdash; общие точки <u> </u>, следовательно, они лежат на одной <u> </u>.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $\Delta MNN_1 \sim \Delta MPP_1$, так как <u> </u>, поэтому $\frac{MN}{MP} = \underline{\hspace{0.5cm}}$, поэтому $\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{MN_1}{MP_1} = \frac{NN_1}{PP_1}$.</p><p>т. е. $\frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{PP_1}$, откуда $PP_1 = \underline{\hspace{2cm}}$</p><p><strong>Ответ.</strong></p><p><strong>б)</strong> <u> </u></p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1677"
                "height" => 1797
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/0-00/6-1.webp?ts=1739375698"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 937087
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "738473"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p>На рисунке прямая $PM$ пересекает плоскость $\alpha$ в точке $M$, $N \in PM$, причем $MN:NP = 2:1$, $PP_1 \parallel NN_1$, $NN_1 = 14$ см, $P_1$ и $N_1$ &mdash; точки пересечения параллельных прямых с плоскостью $\alpha$.</p><p><strong>а)</strong> Докажите, что точки $M, N_1$ и $P_1$ лежат на одной прямой.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Найдите длину отрезка $PP_1$.</p><p><strong>Решение.</strong></p><p><strong>а)</strong> Прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ задают некоторую плоскость, так как параллельные прямые <u> </u>. Обозначим эту плоскость буквой $\beta$. Тогда по аксиоме <u> </u> прямая $NP$ лежит <u> </u> и поэтому $M \in \beta$, так как <u> </u>. Плоскости $\alpha$ и $\beta$ имеют общую точку $M$, а потому, согласно <u> </u>, пересекаются по прямой, на которой лежат все общие точки <u> </u>. Точки $M, N_1$ и $P_1$ &mdash; общие точки <u> </u>, следовательно, они лежат на одной <u> </u>.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $\Delta MNN_1 \sim \Delta MPP_1$, так как <u> </u>, поэтому $\frac{MN}{MP} = \underline{\hspace{0.5cm}}$, поэтому $\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{MN_1}{MP_1} = \frac{NN_1}{PP_1}$.</p><p>т. е. $\frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{PP_1}$, откуда $PP_1 = \underline{\hspace{2cm}}$</p><p><strong>Ответ.</strong></p><p><strong>б)</strong> <u> </u></p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1677"
                "height" => 1797
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/0-00/6-1.webp?ts=1739375698"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1090
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 937197
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1107
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2221
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение"
                    "field_order" => "2"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1117
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6696
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Skysmart"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "skysmart"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6696
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Skysmart"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "skysmart"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "margarita"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "1-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 2221
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение"
                    "field_order" => "2"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "margarita"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "1-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111}
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "738473"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "img" => array:2 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-1.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 4078
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/1-00/6-1.webp?ts=1739375830"
              ]
              1 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-2.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 2733
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/1-00/6-2.webp?ts=1739375830"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 937197
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "738473"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "img" => array:2 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-1.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 4078
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/1-00/6-1.webp?ts=1739375830"
              ]
              1 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-2.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "694"
                "height" => 2733
                "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/glazkov-rt/1-00/6-2.webp?ts=1739375830"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Element {#1089
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 1434271
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1113
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5337
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1119
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 7012
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "gemini 2.5 pro"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 7012
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "gemini 2.5 pro"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "vadim"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5337
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "vadim"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "738473"
              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> Прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ параллельны по условию. Через две параллельные прямые можно провести плоскость, и притом только одну. Обозначим эту плоскость буквой $\beta$.</p> <p>Точки $N$ и $P$ лежат на прямой $PM$. Так как $N \in NN_1$ и $P \in PP_1$, а прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ лежат в плоскости $\beta$, то точки $N$ и $P$ также лежат в плоскости $\beta$.</p> <p>Согласно аксиоме стереометрии, если две точки прямой лежат в плоскости, то и вся прямая лежит в этой плоскости. Следовательно, вся прямая $PM$ лежит в плоскости $\beta$. Поскольку точка $M$ принадлежит прямой $PM$, то и точка $M$ лежит в плоскости $\beta$ ($M \in \beta$).</p> <p>Плоскости $\alpha$ и $\beta$ имеют общую точку $M$. По другой аксиоме, если две плоскости имеют общую точку, то они пересекаются по прямой, проходящей через эту точку. На этой прямой лежат все общие точки данных плоскостей.</p> <p>Точка $N_1$ лежит в плоскости $\alpha$ по условию. Также $N_1$ лежит на прямой $NN_1$, которая находится в плоскости $\beta$, значит, $N_1 \in \beta$. Следовательно, $N_1$ — общая точка плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$.</p> <p>Аналогично, точка $P_1$ лежит в плоскости $\alpha$ по условию и в плоскости $\beta$ (так как $P_1 \in PP_1$, а $PP_1 \subset \beta$). Следовательно, $P_1$ — общая точка плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$.</p> <p>Таким образом, точки $M$, $N_1$ и $P_1$ являются общими точками для плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$, а значит, они все лежат на одной прямой — прямой пересечения этих плоскостей.</p> <p>Ответ: Доказано, что точки $M, N_1, P_1$ лежат на одной прямой.</p> <p><strong>б)</strong> В плоскости $\beta$ рассмотрим треугольники $\triangle MNN_1$ и $\triangle MPP_1$. Эти треугольники подобны по двум углам:</p> <p>1. Угол $\angle N_1MN$ (или $\angle P_1MP$) является общим для обоих треугольников.</p> <p>2. Так как прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ параллельны, а прямая $MP_1$ является для них секущей, то соответственные углы $\angle MN_1N$ и $\angle MP_1P$ равны.</p> <p>Из подобия треугольников ($\triangle MNN_1 \sim \triangle MPP_1$) следует пропорциональность их сторон:</p> <p>$\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{NN_1}{PP_1}$</p> <p>По условию дано отношение $MN : NP = 2 : 1$. Это означает, что отрезок $MN$ можно представить как $2k$, а отрезок $NP$ как $k$, где $k$ — некоторый коэффициент пропорциональности. Тогда весь отрезок $MP$ равен $MN + NP = 2k + k = 3k$.</p> <p>Найдем отношение сторон $MN$ и $MP$:</p> <p>$\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{2k}{3k} = \frac{2}{3}$</p> <p>Теперь подставим известные значения в формулу пропорции:</p> <p>$\frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{PP_1}$</p> <p>Выразим отсюда искомую длину отрезка $PP_1$:</p> <p>$2 \cdot PP_1 = 3 \cdot 14$</p> <p>$2 \cdot PP_1 = 42$</p> <p>$PP_1 = \frac{42}{2} = 21$ см.</p> <p>Ответ: 21 см.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> Прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ параллельны по условию. Через две параллельные прямые можно провести плоскость, и притом только одну. Обозначим эту плоскость буквой $\beta$.</p> <p>Точки $N$ и $P$ лежат на прямой $PM$. Так как $N \in NN_1$ и $P \in PP_1$, а прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ лежат в плоскости $\beta$, то точки $N$ и $P$ также лежат в плоскости $\beta$.</p> <p>Согласно аксиоме стереометрии, если две точки прямой лежат в плоскости, то и вся прямая лежит в этой плоскости. Следовательно, вся прямая $PM$ лежит в плоскости $\beta$. Поскольку точка $M$ принадлежит прямой $PM$, то и точка $M$ лежит в плоскости $\beta$ ($M \in \beta$).</p> <p>Плоскости $\alpha$ и $\beta$ имеют общую точку $M$. По другой аксиоме, если две плоскости имеют общую точку, то они пересекаются по прямой, проходящей через эту точку. На этой прямой лежат все общие точки данных плоскостей.</p> <p>Точка $N_1$ лежит в плоскости $\alpha$ по условию. Также $N_1$ лежит на прямой $NN_1$, которая находится в плоскости $\beta$, значит, $N_1 \in \beta$. Следовательно, $N_1$ — общая точка плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$.</p> <p>Аналогично, точка $P_1$ лежит в плоскости $\alpha$ по условию и в плоскости $\beta$ (так как $P_1 \in PP_1$, а $PP_1 \subset \beta$). Следовательно, $P_1$ — общая точка плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$.</p> <p>Таким образом, точки $M$, $N_1$ и $P_1$ являются общими точками для плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$, а значит, они все лежат на одной прямой — прямой пересечения этих плоскостей.</p> <p>Ответ: Доказано, что точки $M, N_1, P_1$ лежат на одной прямой.</p> <p><strong>б)</strong> В плоскости $\beta$ рассмотрим треугольники $\triangle MNN_1$ и $\triangle MPP_1$. Эти треугольники подобны по двум углам:</p> <p>1. Угол $\angle N_1MN$ (или $\angle P_1MP$) является общим для обоих треугольников.</p> <p>2. Так как прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ параллельны, а прямая $MP_1$ является для них секущей, то соответственные углы $\angle MN_1N$ и $\angle MP_1P$ равны.</p> <p>Из подобия треугольников ($\triangle MNN_1 \sim \triangle MPP_1$) следует пропорциональность их сторон:</p> <p>$\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{NN_1}{PP_1}$</p> <p>По условию дано отношение $MN : NP = 2 : 1$. Это означает, что отрезок $MN$ можно представить как $2k$, а отрезок $NP$ как $k$, где $k$ — некоторый коэффициент пропорциональности. Тогда весь отрезок $MP$ равен $MN + NP = 2k + k = 3k$.</p> <p>Найдем отношение сторон $MN$ и $MP$:</p> <p>$\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{2k}{3k} = \frac{2}{3}$</p> <p>Теперь подставим известные значения в формулу пропорции:</p> <p>$\frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{PP_1}$</p> <p>Выразим отсюда искомую длину отрезка $PP_1$:</p> <p>$2 \cdot PP_1 = 3 \cdot 14$</p> <p>$2 \cdot PP_1 = 42$</p> <p>$PP_1 = \frac{42}{2} = 21$ см.</p> <p>Ответ: 21 см.</p>"
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№6 (с. 7)
Условие. №6 (с. 7)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 10 класс рабочая тетрадь, авторы: Глазков Юрий Александрович, Юдина Ирина Игоревна, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2020, коричневого цвета, страница 7, номер 6, Условие

На рисунке прямая $PM$ пересекает плоскость $\alpha$ в точке $M$, $N \in PM$, причем $MN:NP = 2:1$, $PP_1 \parallel NN_1$, $NN_1 = 14$ см, $P_1$ и $N_1$ — точки пересечения параллельных прямых с плоскостью $\alpha$.

а) Докажите, что точки $M, N_1$ и $P_1$ лежат на одной прямой.

б) Найдите длину отрезка $PP_1$.

Решение.

а) Прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ задают некоторую плоскость, так как параллельные прямые . Обозначим эту плоскость буквой $\beta$. Тогда по аксиоме прямая $NP$ лежит и поэтому $M \in \beta$, так как . Плоскости $\alpha$ и $\beta$ имеют общую точку $M$, а потому, согласно , пересекаются по прямой, на которой лежат все общие точки . Точки $M, N_1$ и $P_1$ — общие точки , следовательно, они лежат на одной .

б) $\Delta MNN_1 \sim \Delta MPP_1$, так как , поэтому $\frac{MN}{MP} = \underline{\hspace{0.5cm}}$, поэтому $\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{MN_1}{MP_1} = \frac{NN_1}{PP_1}$.

т. е. $\frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{PP_1}$, откуда $PP_1 = \underline{\hspace{2cm}}$

Ответ.

б)

Решение. №6 (с. 7)
Геометрия, 10 класс рабочая тетрадь, авторы: Глазков Юрий Александрович, Юдина Ирина Игоревна, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2020, коричневого цвета, страница 7, номер 6, Решение
Геометрия, 10 класс рабочая тетрадь, авторы: Глазков Юрий Александрович, Юдина Ирина Игоревна, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2020, коричневого цвета, страница 7, номер 6, Решение (продолжение 2)
Решение 2. №6 (с. 7)

а) Прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ параллельны по условию. Через две параллельные прямые можно провести плоскость, и притом только одну. Обозначим эту плоскость буквой $\beta$.

Точки $N$ и $P$ лежат на прямой $PM$. Так как $N \in NN_1$ и $P \in PP_1$, а прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ лежат в плоскости $\beta$, то точки $N$ и $P$ также лежат в плоскости $\beta$.

Согласно аксиоме стереометрии, если две точки прямой лежат в плоскости, то и вся прямая лежит в этой плоскости. Следовательно, вся прямая $PM$ лежит в плоскости $\beta$. Поскольку точка $M$ принадлежит прямой $PM$, то и точка $M$ лежит в плоскости $\beta$ ($M \in \beta$).

Плоскости $\alpha$ и $\beta$ имеют общую точку $M$. По другой аксиоме, если две плоскости имеют общую точку, то они пересекаются по прямой, проходящей через эту точку. На этой прямой лежат все общие точки данных плоскостей.

Точка $N_1$ лежит в плоскости $\alpha$ по условию. Также $N_1$ лежит на прямой $NN_1$, которая находится в плоскости $\beta$, значит, $N_1 \in \beta$. Следовательно, $N_1$ — общая точка плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$.

Аналогично, точка $P_1$ лежит в плоскости $\alpha$ по условию и в плоскости $\beta$ (так как $P_1 \in PP_1$, а $PP_1 \subset \beta$). Следовательно, $P_1$ — общая точка плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$.

Таким образом, точки $M$, $N_1$ и $P_1$ являются общими точками для плоскостей $\alpha$ и $\beta$, а значит, они все лежат на одной прямой — прямой пересечения этих плоскостей.

Ответ: Доказано, что точки $M, N_1, P_1$ лежат на одной прямой.

б) В плоскости $\beta$ рассмотрим треугольники $\triangle MNN_1$ и $\triangle MPP_1$. Эти треугольники подобны по двум углам:

1. Угол $\angle N_1MN$ (или $\angle P_1MP$) является общим для обоих треугольников.

2. Так как прямые $NN_1$ и $PP_1$ параллельны, а прямая $MP_1$ является для них секущей, то соответственные углы $\angle MN_1N$ и $\angle MP_1P$ равны.

Из подобия треугольников ($\triangle MNN_1 \sim \triangle MPP_1$) следует пропорциональность их сторон:

$\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{NN_1}{PP_1}$

По условию дано отношение $MN : NP = 2 : 1$. Это означает, что отрезок $MN$ можно представить как $2k$, а отрезок $NP$ как $k$, где $k$ — некоторый коэффициент пропорциональности. Тогда весь отрезок $MP$ равен $MN + NP = 2k + k = 3k$.

Найдем отношение сторон $MN$ и $MP$:

$\frac{MN}{MP} = \frac{2k}{3k} = \frac{2}{3}$

Теперь подставим известные значения в формулу пропорции:

$\frac{2}{3} = \frac{14}{PP_1}$

Выразим отсюда искомую длину отрезка $PP_1$:

$2 \cdot PP_1 = 3 \cdot 14$

$2 \cdot PP_1 = 42$

$PP_1 = \frac{42}{2} = 21$ см.

Ответ: 21 см.

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