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Номер 2, страница 331 - гдз по химии 10 класс учебник Еремин, Кузьменко
Авторы: Еремин В. В., Кузьменко Н. Е., Теренин В. И., Дроздов А. А., Лунин В. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
Цвет обложки: белый, зелёный с радугой
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Глава 5. Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения. Параграф 57. Шестичленные гетероциклы. Задания для повторения - номер 2, страница 331.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 663343 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "331" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/57-1-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1079 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4330 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Еремин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Вадим" "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4330 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Еремин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Вадим" "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4876 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кузьменко" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Егорович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4876 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кузьменко" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Егорович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1083 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1085 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1081} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1132 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1136 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662759 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Шестичленные гетероциклы" "field_branch_order" => "57" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662759 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Шестичленные гетероциклы" "field_branch_order" => "57" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662761 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задания для повторения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "331" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662759 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Шестичленные гетероциклы" "field_branch_order" => "57" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662759 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Шестичленные гетероциклы" "field_branch_order" => "57" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662761 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задания для повторения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_page_start" => "331" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 819178 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663343" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> При сгорании 0,9 г органического вещества выделилось 0,896 л углекислого газа (н. у.), 1,26 г воды и 0,224 л азота (н. у.). Плотность паров вещества по азоту равна 1,607. Назовите это вещество и предложите способ получения из него этанола в одну стадию.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "868" "height" => 173 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-57-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738779687" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 819178 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663343" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> При сгорании 0,9 г органического вещества выделилось 0,896 л углекислого газа (н. у.), 1,26 г воды и 0,224 л азота (н. у.). Плотность паров вещества по азоту равна 1,607. Назовите это вещество и предложите способ получения из него этанола в одну стадию.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "868" "height" => 173 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-57-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738779687" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1108 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 819445 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663343" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2061" "height" => 1274 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-57-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738779780" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2053" "height" => 830 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-57-1/2-2.webp?ts=1738779780" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 819445 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663343" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2061" "height" => 1274 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-57-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738779780" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2053" "height" => 830 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-57-1/2-2.webp?ts=1738779780" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1515741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663343" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$m(\text{вещества}) = 0,9 \text{ г}$</p><p>$V(\text{CO}_2) = 0,896 \text{ л (н. у.)}$</p><p>$m(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 1,26 \text{ г}$</p><p>$V(\text{N}_2) = 0,224 \text{ л (н. у.)}$</p><p>$D_{\text{N}_2}(\text{вещества}) = 1,607$</p><p><i>Перевод в СИ:</i><br>$m(\text{вещества}) = 0,0009 \text{ кг}$<br>$V(\text{CO}_2) = 0,000896 \text{ м}^3$<br>$m(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 0,00126 \text{ кг}$<br>$V(\text{N}_2) = 0,000224 \text{ м}^3$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Название и формулу вещества.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Способ получения этанола из этого вещества в одну стадию.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p><strong>Название и формула вещества</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Сначала определим элементный состав вещества. Продукты сгорания (углекислый газ, вода, азот) указывают на то, что в состав вещества входят углерод (C), водород (H) и азот (N). Возможно также наличие кислорода (O). Общая формула: $C_xH_yN_zO_k$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Найдем количества вещества (моль) продуктов сгорания, используя молярный объем газа при нормальных условиях $V_m = 22,4 \text{ л/моль}$ и молярную массу воды $M(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 18 \text{ г/моль}$.</p><p>$n(\text{CO}_2) = \frac{V(\text{CO}_2)}{V_m} = \frac{0,896 \text{ л}}{22,4 \text{ л/моль}} = 0,04 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = \frac{m(\text{H}_2\text{O})}{M(\text{H}_2\text{O})} = \frac{1,26 \text{ г}}{18 \text{ г/моль}} = 0,07 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{N}_2) = \frac{V(\text{N}_2)}{V_m} = \frac{0,224 \text{ л}}{22,4 \text{ л/моль}} = 0,01 \text{ моль}$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> По количествам продуктов сгорания найдем количества вещества атомов C, H, N в исходной навеске.</p><p>$n(\text{C}) = n(\text{CO}_2) = 0,04 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{H}) = 2 \cdot n(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 2 \cdot 0,07 \text{ моль} = 0,14 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{N}) = 2 \cdot n(\text{N}_2) = 2 \cdot 0,01 \text{ моль} = 0,02 \text{ моль}$</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Вычислим массы элементов и проверим наличие кислорода.</p><p>$m(\text{C}) = n(\text{C}) \cdot M(\text{C}) = 0,04 \text{ моль} \cdot 12 \text{ г/моль} = 0,48 \text{ г}$</p><p>$m(\text{H}) = n(\text{H}) \cdot M(\text{H}) = 0,14 \text{ моль} \cdot 1 \text{ г/моль} = 0,14 \text{ г}$</p><p>$m(\text{N}) = n(\text{N}) \cdot M(\text{N}) = 0,02 \text{ моль} \cdot 14 \text{ г/моль} = 0,28 \text{ г}$</p><p>Суммарная масса: $m(\text{C}) + m(\text{H}) + m(\text{N}) = 0,48 + 0,14 + 0,28 = 0,9 \text{ г}$.</p><p>Эта масса совпадает с исходной массой вещества, значит, кислород в его составе отсутствует.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Определим простейшую (эмпирическую) формулу вещества, найдя соотношение молей атомов:</p><p>$x : y : z = n(\text{C}) : n(\text{H}) : n(\text{N}) = 0,04 : 0,14 : 0,02$</p><p>Для получения целочисленного соотношения разделим все значения на наименьшее (0,02):</p><p>$x : y : z = \frac{0,04}{0,02} : \frac{0,14}{0,02} : \frac{0,02}{0,02} = 2 : 7 : 1$</p><p>Таким образом, простейшая формула вещества – $C_2H_7N$.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Установим истинную (молекулярную) формулу. Для этого вычислим молярную массу вещества по его относительной плотности по азоту:</p><p>$M(\text{вещества}) = D_{\text{N}_2} \cdot M(\text{N}_2) = 1,607 \cdot 28 \text{ г/моль} \approx 45 \text{ г/моль}$</p><p>Молярная масса вещества, соответствующая простейшей формуле $C_2H_7N$, равна:</p><p>$M(C_2H_7N) = 2 \cdot 12 + 7 \cdot 1 + 14 = 45 \text{ г/моль}$</p><p>Так как молярные массы совпадают, молекулярная формула вещества – $C_2H_7N$.</p><p>Формуле $C_2H_7N$ могут соответствовать два изомера: первичный амин этиламин ($CH_3CH_2NH_2$) и вторичный амин диметиламин ($(CH_3)_2NH$). Учитывая вторую часть задания (получение этанола), можно однозначно определить, что вещество является первичным амином, так как только они вступают в реакцию с азотистой кислотой с образованием спиртов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Искомое вещество – этиламин, его молекулярная формула $C_2H_7N$, структурная формула $CH_3CH_2NH_2$.</p><p><strong>Способ получения этанола</strong></p><p>Получить этанол ($CH_3CH_2OH$) из этиламина в одну стадию можно с помощью реакции с азотистой кислотой ($HNO_2$). Азотистая кислота является неустойчивым соединением, поэтому её обычно получают непосредственно в реакционной смеси (in situ) путем добавления сильной кислоты (например, соляной $HCl$) к раствору нитрита щелочного металла (например, $NaNO_2$).</p><p>Уравнение реакции:</p><p>$CH_3CH_2NH_2 + HNO_2 \rightarrow CH_3CH_2OH + N_2\uparrow + H_2O$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Действие на этиламин азотистой кислоты ($HNO_2$).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1515741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663343" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$m(\text{вещества}) = 0,9 \text{ г}$</p><p>$V(\text{CO}_2) = 0,896 \text{ л (н. у.)}$</p><p>$m(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 1,26 \text{ г}$</p><p>$V(\text{N}_2) = 0,224 \text{ л (н. у.)}$</p><p>$D_{\text{N}_2}(\text{вещества}) = 1,607$</p><p><i>Перевод в СИ:</i><br>$m(\text{вещества}) = 0,0009 \text{ кг}$<br>$V(\text{CO}_2) = 0,000896 \text{ м}^3$<br>$m(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 0,00126 \text{ кг}$<br>$V(\text{N}_2) = 0,000224 \text{ м}^3$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Название и формулу вещества.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Способ получения этанола из этого вещества в одну стадию.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p><strong>Название и формула вещества</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Сначала определим элементный состав вещества. Продукты сгорания (углекислый газ, вода, азот) указывают на то, что в состав вещества входят углерод (C), водород (H) и азот (N). Возможно также наличие кислорода (O). Общая формула: $C_xH_yN_zO_k$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Найдем количества вещества (моль) продуктов сгорания, используя молярный объем газа при нормальных условиях $V_m = 22,4 \text{ л/моль}$ и молярную массу воды $M(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 18 \text{ г/моль}$.</p><p>$n(\text{CO}_2) = \frac{V(\text{CO}_2)}{V_m} = \frac{0,896 \text{ л}}{22,4 \text{ л/моль}} = 0,04 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = \frac{m(\text{H}_2\text{O})}{M(\text{H}_2\text{O})} = \frac{1,26 \text{ г}}{18 \text{ г/моль}} = 0,07 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{N}_2) = \frac{V(\text{N}_2)}{V_m} = \frac{0,224 \text{ л}}{22,4 \text{ л/моль}} = 0,01 \text{ моль}$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> По количествам продуктов сгорания найдем количества вещества атомов C, H, N в исходной навеске.</p><p>$n(\text{C}) = n(\text{CO}_2) = 0,04 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{H}) = 2 \cdot n(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 2 \cdot 0,07 \text{ моль} = 0,14 \text{ моль}$</p><p>$n(\text{N}) = 2 \cdot n(\text{N}_2) = 2 \cdot 0,01 \text{ моль} = 0,02 \text{ моль}$</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Вычислим массы элементов и проверим наличие кислорода.</p><p>$m(\text{C}) = n(\text{C}) \cdot M(\text{C}) = 0,04 \text{ моль} \cdot 12 \text{ г/моль} = 0,48 \text{ г}$</p><p>$m(\text{H}) = n(\text{H}) \cdot M(\text{H}) = 0,14 \text{ моль} \cdot 1 \text{ г/моль} = 0,14 \text{ г}$</p><p>$m(\text{N}) = n(\text{N}) \cdot M(\text{N}) = 0,02 \text{ моль} \cdot 14 \text{ г/моль} = 0,28 \text{ г}$</p><p>Суммарная масса: $m(\text{C}) + m(\text{H}) + m(\text{N}) = 0,48 + 0,14 + 0,28 = 0,9 \text{ г}$.</p><p>Эта масса совпадает с исходной массой вещества, значит, кислород в его составе отсутствует.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Определим простейшую (эмпирическую) формулу вещества, найдя соотношение молей атомов:</p><p>$x : y : z = n(\text{C}) : n(\text{H}) : n(\text{N}) = 0,04 : 0,14 : 0,02$</p><p>Для получения целочисленного соотношения разделим все значения на наименьшее (0,02):</p><p>$x : y : z = \frac{0,04}{0,02} : \frac{0,14}{0,02} : \frac{0,02}{0,02} = 2 : 7 : 1$</p><p>Таким образом, простейшая формула вещества – $C_2H_7N$.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Установим истинную (молекулярную) формулу. Для этого вычислим молярную массу вещества по его относительной плотности по азоту:</p><p>$M(\text{вещества}) = D_{\text{N}_2} \cdot M(\text{N}_2) = 1,607 \cdot 28 \text{ г/моль} \approx 45 \text{ г/моль}$</p><p>Молярная масса вещества, соответствующая простейшей формуле $C_2H_7N$, равна:</p><p>$M(C_2H_7N) = 2 \cdot 12 + 7 \cdot 1 + 14 = 45 \text{ г/моль}$</p><p>Так как молярные массы совпадают, молекулярная формула вещества – $C_2H_7N$.</p><p>Формуле $C_2H_7N$ могут соответствовать два изомера: первичный амин этиламин ($CH_3CH_2NH_2$) и вторичный амин диметиламин ($(CH_3)_2NH$). Учитывая вторую часть задания (получение этанола), можно однозначно определить, что вещество является первичным амином, так как только они вступают в реакцию с азотистой кислотой с образованием спиртов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Искомое вещество – этиламин, его молекулярная формула $C_2H_7N$, структурная формула $CH_3CH_2NH_2$.</p><p><strong>Способ получения этанола</strong></p><p>Получить этанол ($CH_3CH_2OH$) из этиламина в одну стадию можно с помощью реакции с азотистой кислотой ($HNO_2$). Азотистая кислота является неустойчивым соединением, поэтому её обычно получают непосредственно в реакционной смеси (in situ) путем добавления сильной кислоты (например, соляной $HCl$) к раствору нитрита щелочного металла (например, $NaNO_2$).</p><p>Уравнение реакции:</p><p>$CH_3CH_2NH_2 + HNO_2 \rightarrow CH_3CH_2OH + N_2\uparrow + H_2O$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Действие на этиламин азотистой кислоты ($HNO_2$).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663344" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663342" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: 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№2 (с. 331)
Условие. №2 (с. 331)
скриншот условия
2. При сгорании 0,9 г органического вещества выделилось 0,896 л углекислого газа (н. у.), 1,26 г воды и 0,224 л азота (н. у.). Плотность паров вещества по азоту равна 1,607. Назовите это вещество и предложите способ получения из него этанола в одну стадию.
Решение. №2 (с. 331)
Решение 2. №2 (с. 331)
Дано:
$m(\text{вещества}) = 0,9 \text{ г}$
$V(\text{CO}_2) = 0,896 \text{ л (н. у.)}$
$m(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 1,26 \text{ г}$
$V(\text{N}_2) = 0,224 \text{ л (н. у.)}$
$D_{\text{N}_2}(\text{вещества}) = 1,607$
Перевод в СИ:
$m(\text{вещества}) = 0,0009 \text{ кг}$
$V(\text{CO}_2) = 0,000896 \text{ м}^3$
$m(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 0,00126 \text{ кг}$
$V(\text{N}_2) = 0,000224 \text{ м}^3$
Найти:
1. Название и формулу вещества.
2. Способ получения этанола из этого вещества в одну стадию.
Решение:
Название и формула вещества
1. Сначала определим элементный состав вещества. Продукты сгорания (углекислый газ, вода, азот) указывают на то, что в состав вещества входят углерод (C), водород (H) и азот (N). Возможно также наличие кислорода (O). Общая формула: $C_xH_yN_zO_k$.
2. Найдем количества вещества (моль) продуктов сгорания, используя молярный объем газа при нормальных условиях $V_m = 22,4 \text{ л/моль}$ и молярную массу воды $M(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 18 \text{ г/моль}$.
$n(\text{CO}_2) = \frac{V(\text{CO}_2)}{V_m} = \frac{0,896 \text{ л}}{22,4 \text{ л/моль}} = 0,04 \text{ моль}$
$n(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = \frac{m(\text{H}_2\text{O})}{M(\text{H}_2\text{O})} = \frac{1,26 \text{ г}}{18 \text{ г/моль}} = 0,07 \text{ моль}$
$n(\text{N}_2) = \frac{V(\text{N}_2)}{V_m} = \frac{0,224 \text{ л}}{22,4 \text{ л/моль}} = 0,01 \text{ моль}$
3. По количествам продуктов сгорания найдем количества вещества атомов C, H, N в исходной навеске.
$n(\text{C}) = n(\text{CO}_2) = 0,04 \text{ моль}$
$n(\text{H}) = 2 \cdot n(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 2 \cdot 0,07 \text{ моль} = 0,14 \text{ моль}$
$n(\text{N}) = 2 \cdot n(\text{N}_2) = 2 \cdot 0,01 \text{ моль} = 0,02 \text{ моль}$
4. Вычислим массы элементов и проверим наличие кислорода.
$m(\text{C}) = n(\text{C}) \cdot M(\text{C}) = 0,04 \text{ моль} \cdot 12 \text{ г/моль} = 0,48 \text{ г}$
$m(\text{H}) = n(\text{H}) \cdot M(\text{H}) = 0,14 \text{ моль} \cdot 1 \text{ г/моль} = 0,14 \text{ г}$
$m(\text{N}) = n(\text{N}) \cdot M(\text{N}) = 0,02 \text{ моль} \cdot 14 \text{ г/моль} = 0,28 \text{ г}$
Суммарная масса: $m(\text{C}) + m(\text{H}) + m(\text{N}) = 0,48 + 0,14 + 0,28 = 0,9 \text{ г}$.
Эта масса совпадает с исходной массой вещества, значит, кислород в его составе отсутствует.
5. Определим простейшую (эмпирическую) формулу вещества, найдя соотношение молей атомов:
$x : y : z = n(\text{C}) : n(\text{H}) : n(\text{N}) = 0,04 : 0,14 : 0,02$
Для получения целочисленного соотношения разделим все значения на наименьшее (0,02):
$x : y : z = \frac{0,04}{0,02} : \frac{0,14}{0,02} : \frac{0,02}{0,02} = 2 : 7 : 1$
Таким образом, простейшая формула вещества – $C_2H_7N$.
6. Установим истинную (молекулярную) формулу. Для этого вычислим молярную массу вещества по его относительной плотности по азоту:
$M(\text{вещества}) = D_{\text{N}_2} \cdot M(\text{N}_2) = 1,607 \cdot 28 \text{ г/моль} \approx 45 \text{ г/моль}$
Молярная масса вещества, соответствующая простейшей формуле $C_2H_7N$, равна:
$M(C_2H_7N) = 2 \cdot 12 + 7 \cdot 1 + 14 = 45 \text{ г/моль}$
Так как молярные массы совпадают, молекулярная формула вещества – $C_2H_7N$.
Формуле $C_2H_7N$ могут соответствовать два изомера: первичный амин этиламин ($CH_3CH_2NH_2$) и вторичный амин диметиламин ($(CH_3)_2NH$). Учитывая вторую часть задания (получение этанола), можно однозначно определить, что вещество является первичным амином, так как только они вступают в реакцию с азотистой кислотой с образованием спиртов.
Ответ: Искомое вещество – этиламин, его молекулярная формула $C_2H_7N$, структурная формула $CH_3CH_2NH_2$.
Способ получения этанола
Получить этанол ($CH_3CH_2OH$) из этиламина в одну стадию можно с помощью реакции с азотистой кислотой ($HNO_2$). Азотистая кислота является неустойчивым соединением, поэтому её обычно получают непосредственно в реакционной смеси (in situ) путем добавления сильной кислоты (например, соляной $HCl$) к раствору нитрита щелочного металла (например, $NaNO_2$).
Уравнение реакции:
$CH_3CH_2NH_2 + HNO_2 \rightarrow CH_3CH_2OH + N_2\uparrow + H_2O$
Ответ: Действие на этиламин азотистой кислоты ($HNO_2$).
Другие задания:
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