Страница 185 - гдз по биологии 8 класс учебник Пасечник, Каменский

Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019

Авторы: Пасечник В. В., Каменский А. А., Швецов Г. Г.

Тип: Учебник

Серия: линия жизни

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Цвет обложки: с улиткой

ISBN: 978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации

Cтраница 185

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
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  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
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  #attributes: array:21 [
    "id" => 1446010
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    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "185"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-185"
    "field_display_title" => "185"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "185"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040
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        0 => App\Models\Book {#1006
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
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          #keyType: "int"
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          #attributes: array:50 [
            "id" => 589
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1007
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                }
              ]
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            }
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010
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                }
              ]
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            }
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012
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            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014
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                }
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                2 => App\Models\Term {#1017
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021
              #items: array:1 [
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1024
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                }
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            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1026
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029
              #items: array:1 [
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
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            }
            "field_publication_number" => "8"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1032
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            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1015}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук"
            "field_cover_description" => "с улиткой"
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            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => ""
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            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации"
            "field_reserve_field" => null
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            "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/"
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              ]
            ]
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              #items: []
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5470
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        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5465
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            "field_display_title" => "186"
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            "field_image_name" => "186"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5468
              #items: []
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            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5471
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            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5485
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#5484
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
              ]
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            }
            "next" => array:2 [
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5478
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#5490
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                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#5494
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5468}
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5469}
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            "next" => array:2 [
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            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5478}
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    "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5461
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5460
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
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          #attributes: array:21 [
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            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5474
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#5473
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                }
              ]
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            }
            "next" => array:2 [
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            "previous" => array:2 [
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5466
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            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5462}
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            ]
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    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039
      #items: array:7 [
        0 => App\Models\Task {#1065
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
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          #keyType: "int"
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          #attributes: array:24 [
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            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1066
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #with: []
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1067
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1134
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                  +exists: true
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                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1132
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1127
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446666"
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            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446664"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446665
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446666"
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            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446664"
              "type" => "task"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Task {#1105
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446666
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1066}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1144
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1149
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1147
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446667"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446665"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446666
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446667"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446665"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Task {#1139
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446667
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1066}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1178
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1180
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1182
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446668"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446666"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446667
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446668"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446666"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        3 => App\Models\Task {#1114
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446668
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1066}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1192
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1194
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1196
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446669"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446667"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446668
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446669"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446667"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        4 => App\Models\Task {#1166
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446669
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1066}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1206
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1208
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1210
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446670"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446668"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446669
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446670"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446668"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        5 => App\Models\Task {#1187
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446670
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-6"
            "field_display_title" => "6"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1066}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1220
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1222
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1224
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                   …5
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446671"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446669"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446670
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-3-6"
            "field_display_title" => "6"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446671"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446669"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        6 => App\Models\Task {#1201
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446671
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-5-1"
            "field_display_title" => "Подумайте!"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1234 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1236 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1238 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446672"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446670"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446671
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/42-5-1"
            "field_display_title" => "Подумайте!"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446672"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446670"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446010"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
  ]
  #original: array:21 [
    "id" => 1446010
    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "185"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-185"
    "field_display_title" => "185"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "185"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049}
    "next" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1446011"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1446009"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039}
  ]
  #changes: []
  #casts: []
  #classCastCache: []
  #attributeCastCache: []
  #dateFormat: null
  #appends: []
  #dispatchesEvents: []
  #observables: []
  #relations: []
  #touches: []
  +timestamps: true
  +usesUniqueIds: false
  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
  #fillable: []
  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, страница 185
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