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Номер 7.16, страница 37 - гдз по физике 8 класс задачник Артеменков, Ломаченков
Авторы: Артеменков Д. А., Ломаченков И. А., Панебратцев Ю. А.
Тип: Задачник
Серия: сферы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2010 - 2026
Цвет обложки: фиолетовый
ISBN: 978-5-09-046040-8
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
VII. Магнитное поле - номер 7.16, страница 37.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460280 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-16" "field_display_title" => "7.16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460050 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "VII. Магнитное поле" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "36" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460050 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "VII. Магнитное поле" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "36" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1753778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6390 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6390 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460280" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>7.16</strong> Приведите примеры использования электромагнитов в быту и технике.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "16-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "941" "height" => 247 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-07/16-1.webp?ts=1760701779" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1753778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460280" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>7.16</strong> Приведите примеры использования электромагнитов в быту и технике.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "16-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "941" "height" => 247 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-07/16-1.webp?ts=1760701779" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1821885 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6688 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6688 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460280" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Электромагнит — это устройство, магнитное поле которого создаётся при протекании электрического тока. Основное преимущество электромагнитов перед постоянными магнитами заключается в возможности управлять магнитным полем: его можно включать и выключать, а также изменять его силу, меняя силу тока в обмотке. Это свойство обуславливает их широкое применение в быту и технике.</p><p><strong>Примеры использования в быту:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Электрический звонок:</strong> При нажатии на кнопку ток поступает в катушку электромагнита, который притягивает к себе якорь с молоточком. Молоточек ударяет по чаше звонка, создавая звук. В этот же момент цепь размыкается, электромагнит перестает действовать, и пружина возвращает якорь в исходное положение.</li><li><strong>Электромагнитные замки:</strong> Часто используются в дверях с домофоном и системах контроля доступа. Мощный электромагнит, установленный на дверной коробке, удерживает металлическую пластину на двери, сохраняя ее в запертом состоянии. При подаче управляющего сигнала (например, с ключа) ток в электромагните отключается, и дверь открывается.</li><li><strong>Динамики и наушники:</strong> Внутри динамика находится катушка (электромагнит), соединенная с диффузором (мембраной). Катушка помещена в поле постоянного магнита. Когда через катушку проходит переменный ток звуковой частоты, она начинает колебаться, заставляя вибрировать диффузор и создавать звуковые волны.</li><li><strong>Микроволновая печь:</strong> В основе печи лежит магнетрон — устройство, генерирующее микроволны. Для его работы необходимы сильные магнитные поля, которые создаются постоянными магнитами или электромагнитами.</li><li><strong>Жесткие диски (HDD):</strong> В считывающих и записывающих головках жестких дисков используются миниатюрные электромагниты, которые намагничивают или считывают намагниченность микроскопических участков поверхности диска, кодируя таким образом информацию.</li></ul><p><strong>Примеры использования в технике:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Грузоподъемные электромагниты:</strong> Мощные электромагниты, устанавливаемые на кранах, используются на металлургических заводах, в портах и на площадках для переработки металлолома для подъема и перемещения тяжелых грузов из черных металлов (сталь, чугун).</li><li><strong>Электромагнитные реле:</strong> Это устройства, которые используют слабый ток в цепи управления для замыкания или размыкания контактов в другой, более мощной цепи. Электромагнит при подаче на него управляющего напряжения притягивает якорь, который механически воздействует на контакты. Реле широко применяются в автоматике и автомобильной электронике.</li><li><strong>Ускорители заряженных частиц:</strong> В устройствах типа Большого адронного коллайдера используются тысячи мощных сверхпроводящих электромагнитов для создания магнитных полей, которые удерживают пучки частиц на заданной траектории и фокусируют их перед столкновением.</li><li><strong>Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ):</strong> В медицинских МРТ-сканерах применяются гигантские сверхпроводящие электромагниты для создания очень сильного и однородного магнитного поля. Это поле воздействует на протоны в теле человека, что позволяет получать послойные изображения внутренних органов и тканей.</li><li><strong>Поезда на магнитной подушке (Маглев):</strong> Системы мощных электромагнитов, расположенных на поезде и на путевом полотне, создают силы магнитного отталкивания, которые поднимают состав над рельсами (левитация), и переменное магнитное поле, которое тянет поезд вперед. Это позволяет достигать очень высоких скоростей за счет отсутствия трения.</li><li><strong>Промышленные сепараторы:</strong> Электромагниты используются для извлечения ферромагнитных материалов (например, железа) из потока сыпучих материалов, например, при переработке мусора или обогащении руды.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Примеры использования электромагнитов: в быту — электрические звонки, электромагнитные замки, динамики в колонках и наушниках, микроволновые печи, жесткие диски; в технике — грузоподъемные краны, электромагнитные реле, ускорители частиц, аппараты МРТ, поезда на магнитной подушке, промышленные сепараторы для металлов.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1821885 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460280" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Электромагнит — это устройство, магнитное поле которого создаётся при протекании электрического тока. Основное преимущество электромагнитов перед постоянными магнитами заключается в возможности управлять магнитным полем: его можно включать и выключать, а также изменять его силу, меняя силу тока в обмотке. Это свойство обуславливает их широкое применение в быту и технике.</p><p><strong>Примеры использования в быту:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Электрический звонок:</strong> При нажатии на кнопку ток поступает в катушку электромагнита, который притягивает к себе якорь с молоточком. Молоточек ударяет по чаше звонка, создавая звук. В этот же момент цепь размыкается, электромагнит перестает действовать, и пружина возвращает якорь в исходное положение.</li><li><strong>Электромагнитные замки:</strong> Часто используются в дверях с домофоном и системах контроля доступа. Мощный электромагнит, установленный на дверной коробке, удерживает металлическую пластину на двери, сохраняя ее в запертом состоянии. При подаче управляющего сигнала (например, с ключа) ток в электромагните отключается, и дверь открывается.</li><li><strong>Динамики и наушники:</strong> Внутри динамика находится катушка (электромагнит), соединенная с диффузором (мембраной). Катушка помещена в поле постоянного магнита. Когда через катушку проходит переменный ток звуковой частоты, она начинает колебаться, заставляя вибрировать диффузор и создавать звуковые волны.</li><li><strong>Микроволновая печь:</strong> В основе печи лежит магнетрон — устройство, генерирующее микроволны. Для его работы необходимы сильные магнитные поля, которые создаются постоянными магнитами или электромагнитами.</li><li><strong>Жесткие диски (HDD):</strong> В считывающих и записывающих головках жестких дисков используются миниатюрные электромагниты, которые намагничивают или считывают намагниченность микроскопических участков поверхности диска, кодируя таким образом информацию.</li></ul><p><strong>Примеры использования в технике:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Грузоподъемные электромагниты:</strong> Мощные электромагниты, устанавливаемые на кранах, используются на металлургических заводах, в портах и на площадках для переработки металлолома для подъема и перемещения тяжелых грузов из черных металлов (сталь, чугун).</li><li><strong>Электромагнитные реле:</strong> Это устройства, которые используют слабый ток в цепи управления для замыкания или размыкания контактов в другой, более мощной цепи. Электромагнит при подаче на него управляющего напряжения притягивает якорь, который механически воздействует на контакты. Реле широко применяются в автоматике и автомобильной электронике.</li><li><strong>Ускорители заряженных частиц:</strong> В устройствах типа Большого адронного коллайдера используются тысячи мощных сверхпроводящих электромагнитов для создания магнитных полей, которые удерживают пучки частиц на заданной траектории и фокусируют их перед столкновением.</li><li><strong>Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ):</strong> В медицинских МРТ-сканерах применяются гигантские сверхпроводящие электромагниты для создания очень сильного и однородного магнитного поля. Это поле воздействует на протоны в теле человека, что позволяет получать послойные изображения внутренних органов и тканей.</li><li><strong>Поезда на магнитной подушке (Маглев):</strong> Системы мощных электромагнитов, расположенных на поезде и на путевом полотне, создают силы магнитного отталкивания, которые поднимают состав над рельсами (левитация), и переменное магнитное поле, которое тянет поезд вперед. Это позволяет достигать очень высоких скоростей за счет отсутствия трения.</li><li><strong>Промышленные сепараторы:</strong> Электромагниты используются для извлечения ферромагнитных материалов (например, железа) из потока сыпучих материалов, например, при переработке мусора или обогащении руды.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Примеры использования электромагнитов: в быту — электрические звонки, электромагнитные замки, динамики в колонках и наушниках, микроволновые печи, жесткие диски; в технике — грузоподъемные краны, электромагнитные реле, ускорители частиц, аппараты МРТ, поезда на магнитной подушке, промышленные сепараторы для металлов.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460281" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460279" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1084 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => 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#changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1086 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1088 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: 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#touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null 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"field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "задачник" "field_creative_case" => "задачником" "field_dative_case" => "задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "zadachnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "задачник" "field_creative_case" => "задачником" "field_dative_case" => "задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "zadachnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1101 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4795 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "сферы" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "sfery" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4795 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "сферы" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "sfery" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1092} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1111 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 48 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "фиолетовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "fioletovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 48 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "фиолетовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "fioletovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1462334 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/page-37" "field_display_title" => "37" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "37" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1168 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1753895 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462334" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1753895 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462334" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462335" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462333" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1788 #items: array:8 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1802 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460275 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-11" "field_display_title" => "7.11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1806 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1805 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1815 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1807 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1804 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460276" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460274" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1820 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462334" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460275 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-11" "field_display_title" => "7.11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1806} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1805} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1815} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1807} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1804} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460276" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460274" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1820} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462334" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1811 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460276 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-12" "field_display_title" => "7.12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1808 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1822 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1810 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1809 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1847 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460277" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460275" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1849 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462334" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460276 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-12" "field_display_title" => "7.12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1808} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1822} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1810} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1809} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1847} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460277" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460275" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1849} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462334" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1848 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460277 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-13" "field_display_title" => "7.13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1850 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1851 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1852 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1853 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1864 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460278" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460276" …1 ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1869 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460277 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-13" "field_display_title" => "7.13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1850} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1851} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1852} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1853} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1864} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1869 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1854 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-14" "field_display_title" => "7.14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1856 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1855 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1861 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1860 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1882 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1884 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-14" "field_display_title" => "7.14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1856 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1855 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1861 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1860 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1882 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1884 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1883 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460279 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-15" "field_display_title" => "7.15" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1885 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1886 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1887 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1888 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1905 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1907 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460279 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-15" "field_display_title" => "7.15" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1885 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1886 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1887 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1888 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1905 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1907 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1906 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460280 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-16" "field_display_title" => "7.16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1908 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1909 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1910 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1911 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1922 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1927 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460280 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-16" "field_display_title" => "7.16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1908 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1909 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1910 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1911 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1922 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1927 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1912 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460281 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-17" "field_display_title" => "7.17" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1914 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1913 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1919 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1918 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1940 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1942 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460281 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-17" "field_display_title" => "7.17" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1914 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1913 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1919 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1918 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1940 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1942 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1941 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460282 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => "38" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-18" "field_display_title" => "7.18" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1943 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1944 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1945 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1946 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1963 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1965 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460282 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => "38" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/07-18" "field_display_title" => "7.18" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1943 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1944 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1945 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1946 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1963 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1965 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1462334 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/page-37" "field_display_title" => "37" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "37" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462335" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462333" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1788} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460280 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "37" "field_page_end" => null 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№7.16 (с. 37)
Условие. №7.16 (с. 37)
скриншот условия
7.16 Приведите примеры использования электромагнитов в быту и технике.
Решение. №7.16 (с. 37)
Электромагнит — это устройство, магнитное поле которого создаётся при протекании электрического тока. Основное преимущество электромагнитов перед постоянными магнитами заключается в возможности управлять магнитным полем: его можно включать и выключать, а также изменять его силу, меняя силу тока в обмотке. Это свойство обуславливает их широкое применение в быту и технике.
Примеры использования в быту:
- Электрический звонок: При нажатии на кнопку ток поступает в катушку электромагнита, который притягивает к себе якорь с молоточком. Молоточек ударяет по чаше звонка, создавая звук. В этот же момент цепь размыкается, электромагнит перестает действовать, и пружина возвращает якорь в исходное положение.
- Электромагнитные замки: Часто используются в дверях с домофоном и системах контроля доступа. Мощный электромагнит, установленный на дверной коробке, удерживает металлическую пластину на двери, сохраняя ее в запертом состоянии. При подаче управляющего сигнала (например, с ключа) ток в электромагните отключается, и дверь открывается.
- Динамики и наушники: Внутри динамика находится катушка (электромагнит), соединенная с диффузором (мембраной). Катушка помещена в поле постоянного магнита. Когда через катушку проходит переменный ток звуковой частоты, она начинает колебаться, заставляя вибрировать диффузор и создавать звуковые волны.
- Микроволновая печь: В основе печи лежит магнетрон — устройство, генерирующее микроволны. Для его работы необходимы сильные магнитные поля, которые создаются постоянными магнитами или электромагнитами.
- Жесткие диски (HDD): В считывающих и записывающих головках жестких дисков используются миниатюрные электромагниты, которые намагничивают или считывают намагниченность микроскопических участков поверхности диска, кодируя таким образом информацию.
Примеры использования в технике:
- Грузоподъемные электромагниты: Мощные электромагниты, устанавливаемые на кранах, используются на металлургических заводах, в портах и на площадках для переработки металлолома для подъема и перемещения тяжелых грузов из черных металлов (сталь, чугун).
- Электромагнитные реле: Это устройства, которые используют слабый ток в цепи управления для замыкания или размыкания контактов в другой, более мощной цепи. Электромагнит при подаче на него управляющего напряжения притягивает якорь, который механически воздействует на контакты. Реле широко применяются в автоматике и автомобильной электронике.
- Ускорители заряженных частиц: В устройствах типа Большого адронного коллайдера используются тысячи мощных сверхпроводящих электромагнитов для создания магнитных полей, которые удерживают пучки частиц на заданной траектории и фокусируют их перед столкновением.
- Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ): В медицинских МРТ-сканерах применяются гигантские сверхпроводящие электромагниты для создания очень сильного и однородного магнитного поля. Это поле воздействует на протоны в теле человека, что позволяет получать послойные изображения внутренних органов и тканей.
- Поезда на магнитной подушке (Маглев): Системы мощных электромагнитов, расположенных на поезде и на путевом полотне, создают силы магнитного отталкивания, которые поднимают состав над рельсами (левитация), и переменное магнитное поле, которое тянет поезд вперед. Это позволяет достигать очень высоких скоростей за счет отсутствия трения.
- Промышленные сепараторы: Электромагниты используются для извлечения ферромагнитных материалов (например, железа) из потока сыпучих материалов, например, при переработке мусора или обогащении руды.
Ответ: Примеры использования электромагнитов: в быту — электрические звонки, электромагнитные замки, динамики в колонках и наушниках, микроволновые печи, жесткие диски; в технике — грузоподъемные краны, электромагнитные реле, ускорители частиц, аппараты МРТ, поезда на магнитной подушке, промышленные сепараторы для металлов.
Другие задания:
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