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Номер 2.6, страница 139 - гдз по физике 8-11 класс учебник, задачник Гельфгат, Генденштейн
Авторы: Гельфгат И. М., Генденштейн Л. Э., Кирик Л. А.
Тип: Учебник, задачник
Издательство: Илекса
Год издания: 2005 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре
ISBN: 978-5-89237-332-6
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Тесты. Второй уровень - номер 2.6, страница 139.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1288874 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "139" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik/test2-6" "field_display_title" => "2.6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "136" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1052 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1054 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "десятый" "field_creative_case" => "десятым" "field_dative_case" => "десятому" "field_genitive_case" => "десятого" "field_nominative_case" => "десятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "десятом" ] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "десятый" "field_creative_case" => "десятым" "field_dative_case" => "десятому" "field_genitive_case" => "десятого" "field_nominative_case" => "десятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "десятом" ] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5460 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "11" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "одиннадцатый" "field_creative_case" => "одиннадцатым" "field_dative_case" => "одиннадцатому" "field_genitive_case" => "одинадцатого" "field_nominative_case" => "одинадцатый" "field_prepositional_case" => "одиннадцатом" ] "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5460 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "11" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "одиннадцатый" "field_creative_case" => "одиннадцатым" "field_dative_case" => "одиннадцатому" "field_genitive_case" => "одинадцатого" "field_nominative_case" => "одинадцатый" "field_prepositional_case" => "одиннадцатом" ] "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5158 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Илекса" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ileksa" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5158 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Илекса" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ileksa" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4102 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Гельфгат" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Илья" "field_patronymic" => "Маркович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4102 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Гельфгат" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Илья" "field_patronymic" => "Маркович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1061 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4583 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кирик" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Леонид" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4583 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кирик" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Леонид" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6673 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник, задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник, задачник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником, задачником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику, задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника, задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник, задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике, задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik, zadachnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6673 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник, задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник, задачник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником, задачником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику, задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника, задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник, задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике, задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik, zadachnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 35 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "исправленное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "ispravlennoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 35 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "исправленное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "ispravlennoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" "alt" => "" "width" => "1813" "height" => "2441" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" "alt" => "" "width" => "1813" "height" => "2441" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_page_start" => "136" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "136" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1048} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_page_start" => "136" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1127 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287896 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Второй уровень" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "138" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1048} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287896 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Второй уровень" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} "field_page_start" => "138" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1479386 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5410 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1103 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5410 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288874" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Т 2.6.</strong> Плотность газа при нормальных условиях ($0^{\circ} C$, 101 кПа) равна $1,96 \text{ кг/м}^3$. Какой это может быть газ?</p><p><strong>А. </strong>Воздух.</p><p><strong>Б. </strong>Углекислый газ.</p><p><strong>В. </strong>Кислород.</p><p><strong>Г. </strong>Гелий.</p><p><strong>Д. </strong>Среди ответов А-Г нет правильного.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1421" "height" => 266 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/0-test2/6-1.webp?ts=1756050204" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1479386 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288874" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Т 2.6.</strong> Плотность газа при нормальных условиях ($0^{\circ} C$, 101 кПа) равна $1,96 \text{ кг/м}^3$. Какой это может быть газ?</p><p><strong>А. </strong>Воздух.</p><p><strong>Б. </strong>Углекислый газ.</p><p><strong>В. </strong>Кислород.</p><p><strong>Г. </strong>Гелий.</p><p><strong>Д. </strong>Среди ответов А-Г нет правильного.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1421" "height" => 266 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/0-test2/6-1.webp?ts=1756050204" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1479650 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5411 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1094 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5411 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288874" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "447" "height" => 114 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/1-test2/6-1.webp?ts=1756050274" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1479650 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288874" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "447" "height" => 114 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/1-test2/6-1.webp?ts=1756050274" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1738567 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6336 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1088 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6336 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288874" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Нормальные условия:</p><p>Температура $t = 0$ °C</p><p>Давление $P = 101$ кПа</p><p>Плотность газа $\rho = 1,96$ кг/м³</p><p>Перевод в систему СИ:</p><p>$T = t(°\text{C}) + 273,15 = 0 + 273,15 = 273,15$ К</p><p>$P = 101 \text{ кПа} = 101 \times 10^3 \text{ Па} = 101000$ Па</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Какой это может быть газ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Для определения газа необходимо найти его молярную массу $\text{M}$. Для этого воспользуемся уравнением состояния идеального газа (уравнением Менделеева-Клапейрона), выраженным через плотность.</p><p>Исходное уравнение имеет вид:</p><p>$PV = \frac{m}{M}RT$</p><p>где $\text{P}$ – давление, $\text{V}$ – объем, $\text{m}$ – масса газа, $\text{M}$ – молярная масса газа, $\text{R}$ – универсальная газовая постоянная (примем $R \approx 8,314$ Дж/(моль·К)), $\text{T}$ – абсолютная температура.</p><p>Плотность газа определяется по формуле $\rho = \frac{m}{V}$. Разделив обе части уравнения состояния на объем $\text{V}$, получим:</p><p>$P = \frac{m}{V} \frac{RT}{M}$</p><p>Подставим выражение для плотности:</p><p>$P = \rho \frac{RT}{M}$</p><p>Из этой формулы выразим молярную массу $\text{M}$:</p><p>$M = \frac{\rho RT}{P}$</p><p>Теперь подставим числовые значения из условия задачи:</p><p>$M = \frac{1,96 \text{ кг/м³} \times 8,314 \mathrm{Дж/(моль\cdot К)} \times 273,15 \text{ К}}{101000 \text{ Па}} \approx 0,04407$ кг/моль</p><p>Переведем полученное значение в граммы на моль, чтобы было удобнее сравнивать с известными молярными массами газов:</p><p>$M \approx 0,04407 \text{ кг/моль} \times 1000 \text{ г/кг} \approx 44,07$ г/моль</p><p>Сравним полученное значение с молярными массами газов из предложенных вариантов:</p><p><strong>А. Воздух.</strong> Средняя молярная масса воздуха составляет примерно $\text{29}$ г/моль.</p><p><strong>Б. Углекислый газ (CO₂).</strong> Молярная масса $M(\text{CO}_2) = M(C) + 2 \times M(O) = 12,01 + 2 \times 16,00 = 44,01$ г/моль.</p><p><strong>В. Кислород (O₂).</strong> Молярная масса $M(\text{O}_2) = 2 \times M(O) = 2 \times 16,00 = 32,00$ г/моль.</p><p><strong>Г. Гелий (He).</strong> Молярная масса $M(\text{He}) \approx 4,00$ г/моль.</p><p>Рассчитанное значение молярной массы ($ \approx 44,07$ г/моль) практически совпадает с молярной массой углекислого газа ($44,01$ г/моль). Следовательно, искомый газ — углекислый газ.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Б. Углекислый газ.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1738567 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288874" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Нормальные условия:</p><p>Температура $t = 0$ °C</p><p>Давление $P = 101$ кПа</p><p>Плотность газа $\rho = 1,96$ кг/м³</p><p>Перевод в систему СИ:</p><p>$T = t(°\text{C}) + 273,15 = 0 + 273,15 = 273,15$ К</p><p>$P = 101 \text{ кПа} = 101 \times 10^3 \text{ Па} = 101000$ Па</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Какой это может быть газ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Для определения газа необходимо найти его молярную массу $\text{M}$. Для этого воспользуемся уравнением состояния идеального газа (уравнением Менделеева-Клапейрона), выраженным через плотность.</p><p>Исходное уравнение имеет вид:</p><p>$PV = \frac{m}{M}RT$</p><p>где $\text{P}$ – давление, $\text{V}$ – объем, $\text{m}$ – масса газа, $\text{M}$ – молярная масса газа, $\text{R}$ – универсальная газовая постоянная (примем $R \approx 8,314$ Дж/(моль·К)), $\text{T}$ – абсолютная температура.</p><p>Плотность газа определяется по формуле $\rho = \frac{m}{V}$. Разделив обе части уравнения состояния на объем $\text{V}$, получим:</p><p>$P = \frac{m}{V} \frac{RT}{M}$</p><p>Подставим выражение для плотности:</p><p>$P = \rho \frac{RT}{M}$</p><p>Из этой формулы выразим молярную массу $\text{M}$:</p><p>$M = \frac{\rho RT}{P}$</p><p>Теперь подставим числовые значения из условия задачи:</p><p>$M = \frac{1,96 \text{ кг/м³} \times 8,314 \mathrm{Дж/(моль\cdot К)} \times 273,15 \text{ К}}{101000 \text{ Па}} \approx 0,04407$ кг/моль</p><p>Переведем полученное значение в граммы на моль, чтобы было удобнее сравнивать с известными молярными массами газов:</p><p>$M \approx 0,04407 \text{ кг/моль} \times 1000 \text{ г/кг} \approx 44,07$ г/моль</p><p>Сравним полученное значение с молярными массами газов из предложенных вариантов:</p><p><strong>А. Воздух.</strong> Средняя молярная масса воздуха составляет примерно $\text{29}$ г/моль.</p><p><strong>Б. Углекислый газ (CO₂).</strong> Молярная масса $M(\text{CO}_2) = M(C) + 2 \times M(O) = 12,01 + 2 \times 16,00 = 44,01$ г/моль.</p><p><strong>В. Кислород (O₂).</strong> Молярная масса $M(\text{O}_2) = 2 \times M(O) = 2 \times 16,00 = 32,00$ г/моль.</p><p><strong>Г. Гелий (He).</strong> Молярная масса $M(\text{He}) \approx 4,00$ г/моль.</p><p>Рассчитанное значение молярной массы ($ \approx 44,07$ г/моль) практически совпадает с молярной массой углекислого газа ($44,01$ г/моль). Следовательно, искомый газ — углекислый газ.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Б. Углекислый газ.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288875" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288873" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1048} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1340490 "created_at" 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"/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/0-1/139-1.webp?ts=1756639138" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340491" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340489" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1288872 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "139" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik/test2-4" "field_display_title" => "2.4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1123} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1123} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1127} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 #items: 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[] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2.6 (с. 139)
Условие. №2.6 (с. 139)
скриншот условия
Т 2.6. Плотность газа при нормальных условиях ($0^{\circ} C$, 101 кПа) равна $1,96 \text{ кг/м}^3$. Какой это может быть газ?
А. Воздух.
Б. Углекислый газ.
В. Кислород.
Г. Гелий.
Д. Среди ответов А-Г нет правильного.
Решение. №2.6 (с. 139)
Решение 2. №2.6 (с. 139)
Дано:
Нормальные условия:
Температура $t = 0$ °C
Давление $P = 101$ кПа
Плотность газа $\rho = 1,96$ кг/м³
Перевод в систему СИ:
$T = t(°\text{C}) + 273,15 = 0 + 273,15 = 273,15$ К
$P = 101 \text{ кПа} = 101 \times 10^3 \text{ Па} = 101000$ Па
Найти:
Какой это может быть газ?
Решение:
Для определения газа необходимо найти его молярную массу $\text{M}$. Для этого воспользуемся уравнением состояния идеального газа (уравнением Менделеева-Клапейрона), выраженным через плотность.
Исходное уравнение имеет вид:
$PV = \frac{m}{M}RT$
где $\text{P}$ – давление, $\text{V}$ – объем, $\text{m}$ – масса газа, $\text{M}$ – молярная масса газа, $\text{R}$ – универсальная газовая постоянная (примем $R \approx 8,314$ Дж/(моль·К)), $\text{T}$ – абсолютная температура.
Плотность газа определяется по формуле $\rho = \frac{m}{V}$. Разделив обе части уравнения состояния на объем $\text{V}$, получим:
$P = \frac{m}{V} \frac{RT}{M}$
Подставим выражение для плотности:
$P = \rho \frac{RT}{M}$
Из этой формулы выразим молярную массу $\text{M}$:
$M = \frac{\rho RT}{P}$
Теперь подставим числовые значения из условия задачи:
$M = \frac{1,96 \text{ кг/м³} \times 8,314 \mathrm{Дж/(моль\cdot К)} \times 273,15 \text{ К}}{101000 \text{ Па}} \approx 0,04407$ кг/моль
Переведем полученное значение в граммы на моль, чтобы было удобнее сравнивать с известными молярными массами газов:
$M \approx 0,04407 \text{ кг/моль} \times 1000 \text{ г/кг} \approx 44,07$ г/моль
Сравним полученное значение с молярными массами газов из предложенных вариантов:
А. Воздух. Средняя молярная масса воздуха составляет примерно $\text{29}$ г/моль.
Б. Углекислый газ (CO₂). Молярная масса $M(\text{CO}_2) = M(C) + 2 \times M(O) = 12,01 + 2 \times 16,00 = 44,01$ г/моль.
В. Кислород (O₂). Молярная масса $M(\text{O}_2) = 2 \times M(O) = 2 \times 16,00 = 32,00$ г/моль.
Г. Гелий (He). Молярная масса $M(\text{He}) \approx 4,00$ г/моль.
Рассчитанное значение молярной массы ($ \approx 44,07$ г/моль) практически совпадает с молярной массой углекислого газа ($44,01$ г/моль). Следовательно, искомый газ — углекислый газ.
Ответ: Б. Углекислый газ.
Другие задания:
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