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Номер 13, страница 58 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Изергин
Авторы: Изергин Э. Т.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Русское слово
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-533-01067-2
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава I. Тепловые явления. Качественные задачи к главе 1 - номер 13, страница 58.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492321 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-13" "field_display_title" => "13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492157 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "I" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" "alt" => "" "width" => "1608" "height" => "2576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" "alt" => "" "width" => "1608" "height" => "2576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492157 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "I" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492157 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "I" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492157 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "I" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492167 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Качественные задачи к главе 1" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "57" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492167 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Качественные задачи к главе 1" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_page_start" => "57" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1774779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1088 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6496 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6496 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492321" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>13.</strong> Может ли вода находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре $120^\circ \text{C}$?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "13-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1451" "height" => 201 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/0-glav01/13-1.webp?ts=1761329292" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1774779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492321" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>13.</strong> Может ли вода находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре $120^\circ \text{C}$?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "13-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1451" "height" => 201 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/0-glav01/13-1.webp?ts=1761329292" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1851951 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 7014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 7014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492321" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Да, вода может находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C.</p><p>Агрегатное состояние вещества зависит не только от температуры, но и от давления. Температура кипения воды, равная 100 °C, соответствует нормальному атмосферному давлению (приблизительно 101,3 кПа или 1 атмосфера).</p><p>С повышением внешнего давления температура кипения жидкости возрастает. Это происходит потому, что молекулам жидкости требуется больше энергии (а следовательно, и более высокая температура), чтобы преодолеть более высокое внешнее давление и перейти в газообразное состояние (пар).</p><p>Для того чтобы вода оставалась в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C, необходимо поддерживать давление выше нормального атмосферного. Согласно таблицам свойств насыщенного водяного пара, при температуре 120 °C давление, при котором вода начинает кипеть, составляет примерно 198,5 кПа, что почти в два раза превышает нормальное атмосферное давление ($p \approx 2$ атм). Следовательно, при давлении, равном или превышающем это значение, вода при 120 °C будет жидкой.</p><p>Этот физический принцип используется в работе скороварок, автоклавов для стерилизации и в некоторых энергетических установках (например, в паровых котлах АЭС). В герметично закрытом объёме давление увеличивается, что позволяет нагревать воду до температур значительно выше 100 °C, не доводя её до кипения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Да, вода может находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C, если давление выше нормального атмосферного (ориентировочно 2 атмосферы или более).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1851951 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492321" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Да, вода может находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C.</p><p>Агрегатное состояние вещества зависит не только от температуры, но и от давления. Температура кипения воды, равная 100 °C, соответствует нормальному атмосферному давлению (приблизительно 101,3 кПа или 1 атмосфера).</p><p>С повышением внешнего давления температура кипения жидкости возрастает. Это происходит потому, что молекулам жидкости требуется больше энергии (а следовательно, и более высокая температура), чтобы преодолеть более высокое внешнее давление и перейти в газообразное состояние (пар).</p><p>Для того чтобы вода оставалась в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C, необходимо поддерживать давление выше нормального атмосферного. Согласно таблицам свойств насыщенного водяного пара, при температуре 120 °C давление, при котором вода начинает кипеть, составляет примерно 198,5 кПа, что почти в два раза превышает нормальное атмосферное давление ($p \approx 2$ атм). Следовательно, при давлении, равном или превышающем это значение, вода при 120 °C будет жидкой.</p><p>Этот физический принцип используется в работе скороварок, автоклавов для стерилизации и в некоторых энергетических установках (например, в паровых котлах АЭС). В герметично закрытом объёме давление увеличивается, что позволяет нагревать воду до температур значительно выше 100 °C, не доводя её до кипения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Да, вода может находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C, если давление выше нормального атмосферного (ориентировочно 2 атмосферы или более).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492322" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492320" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1491950 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/page-58" "field_display_title" => "58" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "58" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1774851 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1774851 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491951" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491949" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 #items: array:14 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1207 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1214 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1226 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492312 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492312 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1238 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492313 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492313 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1250 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492314 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492314 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1262 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1274 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492316 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492316 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1286 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492317 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492317 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1298 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492318 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-10" "field_display_title" => "10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492318 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-10" "field_display_title" => "10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1310 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492319 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-11" "field_display_title" => "11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1312 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492319 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-11" "field_display_title" => "11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1312 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1322 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492320 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1339 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492320 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1339 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 11 => App\Models\Task {#1334 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492321 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-13" "field_display_title" => "13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1341 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1337 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1336 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492321 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-13" "field_display_title" => "13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1341 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1337 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1336 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 12 => App\Models\Task {#1346 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492322 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-14" "field_display_title" => "14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1347 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1352 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] …3 ] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 13 => App\Models\Task {#1353 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1491950 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/page-58" "field_display_title" => "58" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "58" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491951" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491949" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492321 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/glav01-13" "field_display_title" => "13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492322" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492320" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491950" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№13 (с. 58)
Условие. №13 (с. 58)
скриншот условия
13. Может ли вода находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре $120^\circ \text{C}$?
Решение. №13 (с. 58)
Да, вода может находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C.
Агрегатное состояние вещества зависит не только от температуры, но и от давления. Температура кипения воды, равная 100 °C, соответствует нормальному атмосферному давлению (приблизительно 101,3 кПа или 1 атмосфера).
С повышением внешнего давления температура кипения жидкости возрастает. Это происходит потому, что молекулам жидкости требуется больше энергии (а следовательно, и более высокая температура), чтобы преодолеть более высокое внешнее давление и перейти в газообразное состояние (пар).
Для того чтобы вода оставалась в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C, необходимо поддерживать давление выше нормального атмосферного. Согласно таблицам свойств насыщенного водяного пара, при температуре 120 °C давление, при котором вода начинает кипеть, составляет примерно 198,5 кПа, что почти в два раза превышает нормальное атмосферное давление ($p \approx 2$ атм). Следовательно, при давлении, равном или превышающем это значение, вода при 120 °C будет жидкой.
Этот физический принцип используется в работе скороварок, автоклавов для стерилизации и в некоторых энергетических установках (например, в паровых котлах АЭС). В герметично закрытом объёме давление увеличивается, что позволяет нагревать воду до температур значительно выше 100 °C, не доводя её до кипения.
Ответ: Да, вода может находиться в жидком состоянии при температуре 120 °C, если давление выше нормального атмосферного (ориентировочно 2 атмосферы или более).
Другие задания:
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