Вариант 6, страница 85 - гдз по физике 8 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон

Физика, 8 класс Дидактические материалы, авторы: Марон Абрам Евсеевич, Марон Евгений Абрамович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2022, белого цвета

Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.

Тип: Дидактические материалы

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2022 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый

Цвет обложки: белый

ISBN: 978-5-09-111138-5

Самостоятельные работы. СР-9. Соединение проводников - страница 85.

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                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "физику"
                              "field_creative_case" => "физикой"
                              "field_dative_case" => "физике"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "физики"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "физика"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "физике"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "физику"
                              "field_creative_case" => "физикой"
                              "field_dative_case" => "физике"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "физики"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "физика"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "физике"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1123
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_creative_case" => "восьмым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "восьмому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_creative_case" => "восьмым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "восьмому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1125
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1127
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5107
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Абрам"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5107
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Абрам"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1128
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5108
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Евгений"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5108
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Евгений"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1131
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6510
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дидактические материалы"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами"
                              "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах"
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6510
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дидактические материалы"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами"
                              "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах"
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1133
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1135
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1139
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "базовым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "базовому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "базового"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "базовым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "базовому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "базового"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1141
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 25
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (новый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_color" => "красный"
                            "field_end_year" => "2027"
                            "field_start_year" => "2023"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos"
                            "field_type" => "новый"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 25
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (новый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_color" => "красный"
                            "field_end_year" => "2027"
                            "field_start_year" => "2023"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos"
                            "field_type" => "новый"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "4"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1143
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 33
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "стереотипное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 33
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "стереотипное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2022"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "661"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "2294"
                        "height" => "3039"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1149
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 45
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "белый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "белый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "белым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "белому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "белого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "белый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "белом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "belyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 45
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "белый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "белый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "белым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "белому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "белого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "белый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "белом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "belyy"
                          ]
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                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 379
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 492
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1038
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
                    "field_publication_number" => "4"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2022"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "661"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "2294"
                        "height" => "3039"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147}
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 379
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 492
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1469778
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118}
            "field_page_start" => "62"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1469787
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "СР-9. Соединение проводников"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "84"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1119}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1469787
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "СР-9. Соединение проводников"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153}
            "field_page_start" => "84"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1100
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1760909
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 6406
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1099 …30}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 6406
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1470335"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 6</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Напряжение на участке цепи $\text{AB}$ (рис. 98) равно 100 В, а сила тока в цепи 0,4 А. Определите сопротивление лампы.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Определите общее сопротивление цепи и напряжение на клеммах цепи (рис. 99), если $R_1 = 3 \text{ Ом},$ $R_2 = 6 \text{ Ом},$ $R_3 = 5 \text{ Ом}$, показания амперметра 2 А.</p><p>Рис. 99</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1400"
                "height" => 791
                "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp09/6-1.webp?ts=1760803290"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 1760909
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1470335"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 6</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Напряжение на участке цепи $\text{AB}$ (рис. 98) равно 100 В, а сила тока в цепи 0,4 А. Определите сопротивление лампы.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Определите общее сопротивление цепи и напряжение на клеммах цепи (рис. 99), если $R_1 = 3 \text{ Ом},$ $R_2 = 6 \text{ Ом},$ $R_3 = 5 \text{ Ом}$, показания амперметра 2 А.</p><p>Рис. 99</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "6-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1400"
                "height" => 791
                "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp09/6-1.webp?ts=1760803290"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1093
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 1820324
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1092
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 6684
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение"
                    "field_order" => "2"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1091 …30}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "1-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Напряжение на участке цепи АВ (рис. 98) равно 100 В, а сила тока в цепи 0,4 А. Определите сопротивление лампы.</p><p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$U = 100$ В<br>$I = 0,4$ А<br>$R_1 = 20$ Ом</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$R_л$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>На рисунке 98 изображена цепь, состоящая из последовательно соединенных резистора $R_1$ и лампы.</p><p>Согласно закону Ома для участка цепи, общее сопротивление цепи $R_{общ}$ можно найти как отношение общего напряжения $\text{U}$ к силе тока в цепи $\text{I}$:</p><p>$R_{общ} = \frac{U}{I}$</p><p>Вычислим общее сопротивление:</p><p>$R_{общ} = \frac{100 \text{ В}}{0,4 \text{ А}} = 250$ Ом</p><p>При последовательном соединении общее сопротивление цепи равно сумме сопротивлений её отдельных элементов. В данном случае:</p><p>$R_{общ} = R_1 + R_л$</p><p>Отсюда можно выразить и найти сопротивление лампы $R_л$:</p><p>$R_л = R_{общ} - R_1$</p><p>$R_л = 250 \text{ Ом} - 20 \text{ Ом} = 230$ Ом</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> сопротивление лампы равно 230 Ом.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Определите общее сопротивление цепи и напряжение на клеммах цепи (рис. 99), если R1 = 3 Ом, R2 = 6 Ом, R3 = 5 Ом, показания амперметра 2 А.</p><p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$R_1 = 3$ Ом<br>$R_2 = 6$ Ом<br>$R_3 = 5$ Ом<br>$I = 2$ А</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$R_{общ}$ - ?, $\text{U}$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Сначала найдем общее сопротивление цепи. Резисторы $R_1$ и $R_2$ соединены параллельно. Их эквивалентное сопротивление $R_{12}$ рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$\frac{1}{R_{12}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}$ или $R_{12} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$</p><p>Подставим числовые значения:</p><p>$R_{12} = \frac{3 \text{ Ом} \cdot 6 \text{ Ом}}{3 \text{ Ом} + 6 \text{ Ом}} = \frac{18}{9} \text{ Ом} = 2$ Ом</p><p>Этот участок с сопротивлением $R_{12}$ соединен последовательно с резистором $R_3$. Общее сопротивление всей цепи $R_{общ}$ будет равно сумме сопротивлений $R_{12}$ и $R_3$:</p><p>$R_{общ} = R_{12} + R_3$</p><p>$R_{общ} = 2 \text{ Ом} + 5 \text{ Ом} = 7$ Ом</p><p>Амперметр включен в общую цепь последовательно с $R_3$, поэтому он измеряет общую силу тока в цепи, $I = 2$ А.</p><p>Теперь, зная общее сопротивление и общую силу тока, можно найти напряжение на клеммах цепи $\text{U}$ по закону Ома для всей цепи:</p><p>$U = I \cdot R_{общ}$</p><p>$U = 2 \text{ А} \cdot 7 \text{ Ом} = 14$ В</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> общее сопротивление цепи 7 Ом, напряжение на клеммах цепи 14 В.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Напряжение на участке цепи АВ (рис. 98) равно 100 В, а сила тока в цепи 0,4 А. Определите сопротивление лампы.</p><p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$U = 100$ В<br>$I = 0,4$ А<br>$R_1 = 20$ Ом</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$R_л$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>На рисунке 98 изображена цепь, состоящая из последовательно соединенных резистора $R_1$ и лампы.</p><p>Согласно закону Ома для участка цепи, общее сопротивление цепи $R_{общ}$ можно найти как отношение общего напряжения $\text{U}$ к силе тока в цепи $\text{I}$:</p><p>$R_{общ} = \frac{U}{I}$</p><p>Вычислим общее сопротивление:</p><p>$R_{общ} = \frac{100 \text{ В}}{0,4 \text{ А}} = 250$ Ом</p><p>При последовательном соединении общее сопротивление цепи равно сумме сопротивлений её отдельных элементов. В данном случае:</p><p>$R_{общ} = R_1 + R_л$</p><p>Отсюда можно выразить и найти сопротивление лампы $R_л$:</p><p>$R_л = R_{общ} - R_1$</p><p>$R_л = 250 \text{ Ом} - 20 \text{ Ом} = 230$ Ом</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> сопротивление лампы равно 230 Ом.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Определите общее сопротивление цепи и напряжение на клеммах цепи (рис. 99), если R1 = 3 Ом, R2 = 6 Ом, R3 = 5 Ом, показания амперметра 2 А.</p><p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$R_1 = 3$ Ом<br>$R_2 = 6$ Ом<br>$R_3 = 5$ Ом<br>$I = 2$ А</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$R_{общ}$ - ?, $\text{U}$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Сначала найдем общее сопротивление цепи. Резисторы $R_1$ и $R_2$ соединены параллельно. Их эквивалентное сопротивление $R_{12}$ рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$\frac{1}{R_{12}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}$ или $R_{12} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$</p><p>Подставим числовые значения:</p><p>$R_{12} = \frac{3 \text{ Ом} \cdot 6 \text{ Ом}}{3 \text{ Ом} + 6 \text{ Ом}} = \frac{18}{9} \text{ Ом} = 2$ Ом</p><p>Этот участок с сопротивлением $R_{12}$ соединен последовательно с резистором $R_3$. Общее сопротивление всей цепи $R_{общ}$ будет равно сумме сопротивлений $R_{12}$ и $R_3$:</p><p>$R_{общ} = R_{12} + R_3$</p><p>$R_{общ} = 2 \text{ Ом} + 5 \text{ Ом} = 7$ Ом</p><p>Амперметр включен в общую цепь последовательно с $R_3$, поэтому он измеряет общую силу тока в цепи, $I = 2$ А.</p><p>Теперь, зная общее сопротивление и общую силу тока, можно найти напряжение на клеммах цепи $\text{U}$ по закону Ома для всей цепи:</p><p>$U = I \cdot R_{общ}$</p><p>$U = 2 \text{ А} \cdot 7 \text{ Ом} = 14$ В</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> общее сопротивление цепи 7 Ом, напряжение на клеммах цепи 14 В.</p>"
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Вариант 6 (с. 85)
Условие. Вариант 6 (с. 85)
скриншот условия
Физика, 8 класс Дидактические материалы, авторы: Марон Абрам Евсеевич, Марон Евгений Абрамович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2022, белого цвета, страница 85, Условие

Вариант 6

1. Напряжение на участке цепи $\text{AB}$ (рис. 98) равно 100 В, а сила тока в цепи 0,4 А. Определите сопротивление лампы.

2. Определите общее сопротивление цепи и напряжение на клеммах цепи (рис. 99), если $R_1 = 3 \text{ Ом},$ $R_2 = 6 \text{ Ом},$ $R_3 = 5 \text{ Ом}$, показания амперметра 2 А.

Рис. 99

Решение. Вариант 6 (с. 85)

1. Напряжение на участке цепи АВ (рис. 98) равно 100 В, а сила тока в цепи 0,4 А. Определите сопротивление лампы.

Дано:

$U = 100$ В
$I = 0,4$ А
$R_1 = 20$ Ом

Найти:

$R_л$ - ?

Решение:

На рисунке 98 изображена цепь, состоящая из последовательно соединенных резистора $R_1$ и лампы.

Согласно закону Ома для участка цепи, общее сопротивление цепи $R_{общ}$ можно найти как отношение общего напряжения $\text{U}$ к силе тока в цепи $\text{I}$:

$R_{общ} = \frac{U}{I}$

Вычислим общее сопротивление:

$R_{общ} = \frac{100 \text{ В}}{0,4 \text{ А}} = 250$ Ом

При последовательном соединении общее сопротивление цепи равно сумме сопротивлений её отдельных элементов. В данном случае:

$R_{общ} = R_1 + R_л$

Отсюда можно выразить и найти сопротивление лампы $R_л$:

$R_л = R_{общ} - R_1$

$R_л = 250 \text{ Ом} - 20 \text{ Ом} = 230$ Ом

Ответ: сопротивление лампы равно 230 Ом.

2. Определите общее сопротивление цепи и напряжение на клеммах цепи (рис. 99), если R1 = 3 Ом, R2 = 6 Ом, R3 = 5 Ом, показания амперметра 2 А.

Дано:

$R_1 = 3$ Ом
$R_2 = 6$ Ом
$R_3 = 5$ Ом
$I = 2$ А

Найти:

$R_{общ}$ - ?, $\text{U}$ - ?

Решение:

Сначала найдем общее сопротивление цепи. Резисторы $R_1$ и $R_2$ соединены параллельно. Их эквивалентное сопротивление $R_{12}$ рассчитывается по формуле:

$\frac{1}{R_{12}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}$ или $R_{12} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$

Подставим числовые значения:

$R_{12} = \frac{3 \text{ Ом} \cdot 6 \text{ Ом}}{3 \text{ Ом} + 6 \text{ Ом}} = \frac{18}{9} \text{ Ом} = 2$ Ом

Этот участок с сопротивлением $R_{12}$ соединен последовательно с резистором $R_3$. Общее сопротивление всей цепи $R_{общ}$ будет равно сумме сопротивлений $R_{12}$ и $R_3$:

$R_{общ} = R_{12} + R_3$

$R_{общ} = 2 \text{ Ом} + 5 \text{ Ом} = 7$ Ом

Амперметр включен в общую цепь последовательно с $R_3$, поэтому он измеряет общую силу тока в цепи, $I = 2$ А.

Теперь, зная общее сопротивление и общую силу тока, можно найти напряжение на клеммах цепи $\text{U}$ по закону Ома для всей цепи:

$U = I \cdot R_{общ}$

$U = 2 \text{ А} \cdot 7 \text{ Ом} = 14$ В

Ответ: общее сопротивление цепи 7 Ом, напряжение на клеммах цепи 14 В.

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