gdz.top
Номер 1, страница 226 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Пёрышкин
Авторы: Пёрышкин И. М.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый с градусником
ISBN: 978-5-09-102555-2
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 3. Электромагнитные явления. Параграф 62. Передача электрической энергии. Вопросы после параграфа - номер 1, страница 226.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599422 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электромагнитные явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "183" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электромагнитные явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "183" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электромагнитные явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "183" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1130 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1145 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электромагнитные явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_page_start" => "183" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598777 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Передача электрической энергии" "field_branch_order" => "62" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1155 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "223" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598777 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Передача электрической энергии" "field_branch_order" => "62" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158} "field_page_start" => "223" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы после параграфа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "226" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1169 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598777 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Передача электрической энергии" "field_branch_order" => "62" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_page_start" => "223" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598777 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Передача электрической энергии" "field_branch_order" => "62" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_page_start" => "223" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы после параграфа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "field_page_start" => "226" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 746376 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p> <b>1</b>. По какому физическому закону можно определить потери электроэнергии в ЛЭП и за счёт чего их можно уменьшить? </p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "717" "height" => 85 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-62-1/1-1.webp?ts=1738081073" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 746376 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p> <b>1</b>. По какому физическому закону можно определить потери электроэнергии в ЛЭП и за счёт чего их можно уменьшить? </p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "717" "height" => 85 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-62-1/1-1.webp?ts=1738081073" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 746693 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1937" "height" => 539 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-62-1/1-1.webp?ts=1738081130" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 746693 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1937" "height" => 539 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-62-1/1-1.webp?ts=1738081130" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1085 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 747610 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "826" "height" => 228 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-62-1/1-1.webp?ts=1738081232" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 747610 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "826" "height" => 228 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-62-1/1-1.webp?ts=1738081232" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1467227 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Потери электроэнергии в линиях электропередачи (ЛЭП) определяются по <strong>закону Джоуля-Ленца</strong>. Этот закон устанавливает, что количество теплоты $Q$, выделяемое в проводнике при прохождении по нему электрического тока, прямо пропорционально квадрату силы тока $I$, сопротивлению проводника $R$ и времени прохождения тока $t$.</p><p>Математически это выражается формулой: $Q = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t$.</p><p>Мощность потерь $P_{потерь}$, то есть энергия, теряемая в виде тепла в единицу времени, равна:</p><p>$P_{потерь} = \frac{Q}{t} = I^2 \cdot R$</p><p>Для уменьшения этих потерь, согласно формуле, необходимо уменьшить либо сопротивление проводов $R$, либо силу тока $I$.</p><p>Существует два основных способа уменьшения потерь:</p><p>Первый способ — <strong>уменьшение сопротивления $R$</strong>. Сопротивление проводника определяется формулой $R = \rho \frac{l}{S}$, где $\rho$ – удельное сопротивление материала, $l$ – длина провода, $S$ – площадь поперечного сечения. Уменьшить $R$ можно, во-первых, использованием материалов с низким удельным сопротивлением ($\rho$), например, меди или алюминия, и, во-вторых, увеличением площади поперечного сечения проводов ($S$). Однако второй путь приводит к значительному увеличению массы и стоимости проводов, а также требует более мощных опор ЛЭП.</p><p>Второй и наиболее эффективный способ — <strong>уменьшение силы тока $I$</strong>. Мощность, передаваемая по ЛЭП, равна $P_{пер} = U \cdot I$, где $U$ – напряжение в линии. Отсюда сила тока $I = \frac{P_{пер}}{U}$. Подставив это выражение в формулу мощности потерь, получим:</p><p>$P_{потерь} = \left(\frac{P_{пер}}{U}\right)^2 \cdot R = \frac{P_{пер}^2 \cdot R}{U^2}$</p><p>Из этой формулы видно, что потери мощности обратно пропорциональны квадрату напряжения. Следовательно, для передачи одной и той же мощности $P_{пер}$ выгоднее всего максимально увеличивать напряжение $U$. Например, при увеличении напряжения в 10 раз сила тока уменьшается в 10 раз, а тепловые потери уменьшаются в $10^2 = 100$ раз. Именно поэтому электроэнергию на большие расстояния передают при очень высоком напряжении (сотни киловольт).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Потери электроэнергии в ЛЭП определяются по закону Джоуля-Ленца. Уменьшить их можно за счёт уменьшения сопротивления проводов (используя материалы с низким удельным сопротивлением и увеличивая их толщину) и, что наиболее эффективно, за счёт уменьшения силы тока путём повышения напряжения в линии электропередачи.</p><p><strong>2.</strong><i>(Вопрос неполный. Предположительное окончание: "Для чего используют трансформаторы в сетях передачи электроэнергии?")</i></p><p>Трансформаторы используются для преобразования (повышения или понижения) напряжения переменного тока, что является ключевым элементом в системе передачи электроэнергии с минимальными потерями. Их основное назначение двойное:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Повышение напряжения.</strong> На электростанциях устанавливают повышающие трансформаторы. Они увеличивают напряжение, генерируемое генераторами (обычно до 10-20 кВ), до очень высоких значений (110, 220, 500, 750 кВ и выше) для передачи по магистральным ЛЭП. Как было показано в ответе на первый вопрос, это позволяет кардинально снизить потери энергии на нагрев проводов.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Понижение напряжения.</strong> На подстанциях вблизи потребителей устанавливают понижающие трансформаторы. Они в несколько этапов понижают высокое напряжение до уровней, безопасных и пригодных для использования в промышленности (например, 6-10 кВ) и в быту (220/380 В).</p><p>Таким образом, использование трансформаторов позволяет эффективно передавать электроэнергию на большие расстояния с малыми потерями и безопасно распределять её среди конечных потребителей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Трансформаторы используются для повышения напряжения на электростанциях перед передачей электроэнергии на большие расстояния (чтобы снизить потери) и для последующего понижения напряжения на подстанциях перед доставкой потребителям до безопасных и рабочих значений.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1467227 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599422" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Потери электроэнергии в линиях электропередачи (ЛЭП) определяются по <strong>закону Джоуля-Ленца</strong>. Этот закон устанавливает, что количество теплоты $Q$, выделяемое в проводнике при прохождении по нему электрического тока, прямо пропорционально квадрату силы тока $I$, сопротивлению проводника $R$ и времени прохождения тока $t$.</p><p>Математически это выражается формулой: $Q = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t$.</p><p>Мощность потерь $P_{потерь}$, то есть энергия, теряемая в виде тепла в единицу времени, равна:</p><p>$P_{потерь} = \frac{Q}{t} = I^2 \cdot R$</p><p>Для уменьшения этих потерь, согласно формуле, необходимо уменьшить либо сопротивление проводов $R$, либо силу тока $I$.</p><p>Существует два основных способа уменьшения потерь:</p><p>Первый способ — <strong>уменьшение сопротивления $R$</strong>. Сопротивление проводника определяется формулой $R = \rho \frac{l}{S}$, где $\rho$ – удельное сопротивление материала, $l$ – длина провода, $S$ – площадь поперечного сечения. Уменьшить $R$ можно, во-первых, использованием материалов с низким удельным сопротивлением ($\rho$), например, меди или алюминия, и, во-вторых, увеличением площади поперечного сечения проводов ($S$). Однако второй путь приводит к значительному увеличению массы и стоимости проводов, а также требует более мощных опор ЛЭП.</p><p>Второй и наиболее эффективный способ — <strong>уменьшение силы тока $I$</strong>. Мощность, передаваемая по ЛЭП, равна $P_{пер} = U \cdot I$, где $U$ – напряжение в линии. Отсюда сила тока $I = \frac{P_{пер}}{U}$. Подставив это выражение в формулу мощности потерь, получим:</p><p>$P_{потерь} = \left(\frac{P_{пер}}{U}\right)^2 \cdot R = \frac{P_{пер}^2 \cdot R}{U^2}$</p><p>Из этой формулы видно, что потери мощности обратно пропорциональны квадрату напряжения. Следовательно, для передачи одной и той же мощности $P_{пер}$ выгоднее всего максимально увеличивать напряжение $U$. Например, при увеличении напряжения в 10 раз сила тока уменьшается в 10 раз, а тепловые потери уменьшаются в $10^2 = 100$ раз. Именно поэтому электроэнергию на большие расстояния передают при очень высоком напряжении (сотни киловольт).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Потери электроэнергии в ЛЭП определяются по закону Джоуля-Ленца. Уменьшить их можно за счёт уменьшения сопротивления проводов (используя материалы с низким удельным сопротивлением и увеличивая их толщину) и, что наиболее эффективно, за счёт уменьшения силы тока путём повышения напряжения в линии электропередачи.</p><p><strong>2.</strong><i>(Вопрос неполный. Предположительное окончание: "Для чего используют трансформаторы в сетях передачи электроэнергии?")</i></p><p>Трансформаторы используются для преобразования (повышения или понижения) напряжения переменного тока, что является ключевым элементом в системе передачи электроэнергии с минимальными потерями. Их основное назначение двойное:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Повышение напряжения.</strong> На электростанциях устанавливают повышающие трансформаторы. Они увеличивают напряжение, генерируемое генераторами (обычно до 10-20 кВ), до очень высоких значений (110, 220, 500, 750 кВ и выше) для передачи по магистральным ЛЭП. Как было показано в ответе на первый вопрос, это позволяет кардинально снизить потери энергии на нагрев проводов.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Понижение напряжения.</strong> На подстанциях вблизи потребителей устанавливают понижающие трансформаторы. Они в несколько этапов понижают высокое напряжение до уровней, безопасных и пригодных для использования в промышленности (например, 6-10 кВ) и в быту (220/380 В).</p><p>Таким образом, использование трансформаторов позволяет эффективно передавать электроэнергию на большие расстояния с малыми потерями и безопасно распределять её среди конечных потребителей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Трансформаторы используются для повышения напряжения на электростанциях перед передачей электроэнергии на большие расстояния (чтобы снизить потери) и для последующего понижения напряжения на подстанциях перед доставкой потребителям до безопасных и рабочих значений.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599423" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599421" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 991590 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-226" "field_display_title" => "226" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "226" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1163 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1173250 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1173250 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991591" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991589" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1313 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599422 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599422 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1320 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599423 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1321 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1322 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599423 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1321 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1322 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1327 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599424 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1333 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1328 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1351 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599424 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1333 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1328 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1351 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1331 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599425 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1367 …2} …1 ] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 991590 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-226" "field_display_title" => "226" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "226" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991591" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991589" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599422 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "226" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/62-1-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599423" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599421" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991590" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№1 (с. 226)
Условие. №1 (с. 226)
скриншот условия
1. По какому физическому закону можно определить потери электроэнергии в ЛЭП и за счёт чего их можно уменьшить?
Решение 1. №1 (с. 226)
Решение 3. №1 (с. 226)
Решение 4. №1 (с. 226)
1. Потери электроэнергии в линиях электропередачи (ЛЭП) определяются по закону Джоуля-Ленца. Этот закон устанавливает, что количество теплоты $Q$, выделяемое в проводнике при прохождении по нему электрического тока, прямо пропорционально квадрату силы тока $I$, сопротивлению проводника $R$ и времени прохождения тока $t$.
Математически это выражается формулой: $Q = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t$.
Мощность потерь $P_{потерь}$, то есть энергия, теряемая в виде тепла в единицу времени, равна:
$P_{потерь} = \frac{Q}{t} = I^2 \cdot R$
Для уменьшения этих потерь, согласно формуле, необходимо уменьшить либо сопротивление проводов $R$, либо силу тока $I$.
Существует два основных способа уменьшения потерь:
Первый способ — уменьшение сопротивления $R$. Сопротивление проводника определяется формулой $R = \rho \frac{l}{S}$, где $\rho$ – удельное сопротивление материала, $l$ – длина провода, $S$ – площадь поперечного сечения. Уменьшить $R$ можно, во-первых, использованием материалов с низким удельным сопротивлением ($\rho$), например, меди или алюминия, и, во-вторых, увеличением площади поперечного сечения проводов ($S$). Однако второй путь приводит к значительному увеличению массы и стоимости проводов, а также требует более мощных опор ЛЭП.
Второй и наиболее эффективный способ — уменьшение силы тока $I$. Мощность, передаваемая по ЛЭП, равна $P_{пер} = U \cdot I$, где $U$ – напряжение в линии. Отсюда сила тока $I = \frac{P_{пер}}{U}$. Подставив это выражение в формулу мощности потерь, получим:
$P_{потерь} = \left(\frac{P_{пер}}{U}\right)^2 \cdot R = \frac{P_{пер}^2 \cdot R}{U^2}$
Из этой формулы видно, что потери мощности обратно пропорциональны квадрату напряжения. Следовательно, для передачи одной и той же мощности $P_{пер}$ выгоднее всего максимально увеличивать напряжение $U$. Например, при увеличении напряжения в 10 раз сила тока уменьшается в 10 раз, а тепловые потери уменьшаются в $10^2 = 100$ раз. Именно поэтому электроэнергию на большие расстояния передают при очень высоком напряжении (сотни киловольт).
Ответ: Потери электроэнергии в ЛЭП определяются по закону Джоуля-Ленца. Уменьшить их можно за счёт уменьшения сопротивления проводов (используя материалы с низким удельным сопротивлением и увеличивая их толщину) и, что наиболее эффективно, за счёт уменьшения силы тока путём повышения напряжения в линии электропередачи.
2.(Вопрос неполный. Предположительное окончание: "Для чего используют трансформаторы в сетях передачи электроэнергии?")
Трансформаторы используются для преобразования (повышения или понижения) напряжения переменного тока, что является ключевым элементом в системе передачи электроэнергии с минимальными потерями. Их основное назначение двойное:
1. Повышение напряжения. На электростанциях устанавливают повышающие трансформаторы. Они увеличивают напряжение, генерируемое генераторами (обычно до 10-20 кВ), до очень высоких значений (110, 220, 500, 750 кВ и выше) для передачи по магистральным ЛЭП. Как было показано в ответе на первый вопрос, это позволяет кардинально снизить потери энергии на нагрев проводов.
2. Понижение напряжения. На подстанциях вблизи потребителей устанавливают понижающие трансформаторы. Они в несколько этапов понижают высокое напряжение до уровней, безопасных и пригодных для использования в промышленности (например, 6-10 кВ) и в быту (220/380 В).
Таким образом, использование трансформаторов позволяет эффективно передавать электроэнергию на большие расстояния с малыми потерями и безопасно распределять её среди конечных потребителей.
Ответ: Трансформаторы используются для повышения напряжения на электростанциях перед передачей электроэнергии на большие расстояния (чтобы снизить потери) и для последующего понижения напряжения на подстанциях перед доставкой потребителям до безопасных и рабочих значений.
Другие задания:
Помогло решение? Оставьте отзыв в комментариях ниже.
Присоединяйтесь к Телеграм-группе @top_gdz
ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по физике за 8 класс, для упражнения номер 1 расположенного на странице 226 к учебнику 2023 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по физике к упражнению №1 (с. 226), автора: Пёрышкин (И М), ФГОС (новый, красный) базовый уровень обучения учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.