gdz.top
Номер 4, страница 241 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Пёрышкин
Авторы: Пёрышкин И. М.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый с градусником
ISBN: 978-5-09-102555-2
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Задачи для повторения - номер 4, страница 241.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599442 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598781 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи для повторения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "241" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598781 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи для повторения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "241" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 746443 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p> <span style="color:blue">4.</span> Кусок свинца поместили в пламя газовой горелки. Как изменилась его внутренняя энергия? </p> <p> 1) увеличилась за счёт совершения работы </p> <p> 2) уменьшилась за счёт совершения работы </p> <p> 3) уменьшилась за счёт теплопередачи </p> <p> 4) увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи </p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "738" "height" => 185 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081089" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 746443 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p> <span style="color:blue">4.</span> Кусок свинца поместили в пламя газовой горелки. Как изменилась его внутренняя энергия? </p> <p> 1) увеличилась за счёт совершения работы </p> <p> 2) уменьшилась за счёт совершения работы </p> <p> 3) уменьшилась за счёт теплопередачи </p> <p> 4) увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи </p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "738" "height" => 185 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081089" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 746768 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1341" "height" => 258 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081146" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 746768 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1341" "height" => 258 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081146" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 747440 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1638 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "3-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1638 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "3-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "700" "height" => 1085 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/3-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081106" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 747440 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "700" "height" => 1085 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/3-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081106" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1088 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 747630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "691" "height" => 148 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081242" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 747630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "4-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "691" "height" => 148 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-zp/4-1.webp?ts=1738081242" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Element {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1467247 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Внутренняя энергия термодинамической системы может быть изменена двумя способами: посредством совершения работы над системой (или системой над внешними телами) и посредством теплопередачи. Это описывается первым началом термодинамики:</p><p>$ \Delta U = Q + A_{внеш} $</p><p>где $ \Delta U $ – изменение внутренней энергии, $ Q $ – количество теплоты, переданное системе, и $ A_{внеш} $ – работа, совершённая внешними силами над системой.</p><p>В условии задачи кусок свинца помещают в пламя газовой горелки. Температура пламени значительно выше температуры свинца. Вследствие этой разницы температур происходит процесс теплопередачи: от более горячего тела (пламени) к более холодному (свинцу). В результате свинец получает некоторое количество теплоты $Q > 0$.</p><p>Полученная теплота идет на увеличение кинетической энергии хаотического движения атомов в кристаллической решетке свинца. Увеличение кинетической энергии частиц означает увеличение внутренней энергии тела. Таким образом, $ \Delta U > 0 $.</p><p>Рассмотрим, совершается ли работа. При нагревании свинец будет незначительно расширяться, совершая работу против сил атмосферного давления. Эта работа совершается самим телом ($A_{тела} > 0$), что эквивалентно отрицательной работе внешних сил ($A_{внеш} < 0$). Однако этот эффект пренебрежимо мал по сравнению с количеством теплоты, полученным от пламени. Основной причиной изменения внутренней энергии в данном случае является именно теплопередача.</p><p>Следовательно, внутренняя энергия куска свинца увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи.</p><p>Проанализируем предложенные варианты:</p><ol><li><em>увеличилась за счёт совершения работы</em> – неверно, основной вклад вносит теплопередача, а не работа.</li><li><em>уменьшилась за счёт совершения работы</em> – неверно, энергия увеличилась, и причина не в работе.</li><li><em>уменьшилась за счёт теплопередачи</em> – неверно, энергия увеличилась, так как свинец поглощает тепло, а не отдает.</li><li><em>увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи</em> – верно, так как тепло от горячего пламени переходит к холодному свинцу.</li></ol><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> 4</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1467247 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599442" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Внутренняя энергия термодинамической системы может быть изменена двумя способами: посредством совершения работы над системой (или системой над внешними телами) и посредством теплопередачи. Это описывается первым началом термодинамики:</p><p>$ \Delta U = Q + A_{внеш} $</p><p>где $ \Delta U $ – изменение внутренней энергии, $ Q $ – количество теплоты, переданное системе, и $ A_{внеш} $ – работа, совершённая внешними силами над системой.</p><p>В условии задачи кусок свинца помещают в пламя газовой горелки. Температура пламени значительно выше температуры свинца. Вследствие этой разницы температур происходит процесс теплопередачи: от более горячего тела (пламени) к более холодному (свинцу). В результате свинец получает некоторое количество теплоты $Q > 0$.</p><p>Полученная теплота идет на увеличение кинетической энергии хаотического движения атомов в кристаллической решетке свинца. Увеличение кинетической энергии частиц означает увеличение внутренней энергии тела. Таким образом, $ \Delta U > 0 $.</p><p>Рассмотрим, совершается ли работа. При нагревании свинец будет незначительно расширяться, совершая работу против сил атмосферного давления. Эта работа совершается самим телом ($A_{тела} > 0$), что эквивалентно отрицательной работе внешних сил ($A_{внеш} < 0$). Однако этот эффект пренебрежимо мал по сравнению с количеством теплоты, полученным от пламени. Основной причиной изменения внутренней энергии в данном случае является именно теплопередача.</p><p>Следовательно, внутренняя энергия куска свинца увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи.</p><p>Проанализируем предложенные варианты:</p><ol><li><em>увеличилась за счёт совершения работы</em> – неверно, основной вклад вносит теплопередача, а не работа.</li><li><em>уменьшилась за счёт совершения работы</em> – неверно, энергия увеличилась, и причина не в работе.</li><li><em>уменьшилась за счёт теплопередачи</em> – неверно, энергия увеличилась, так как свинец поглощает тепло, а не отдает.</li><li><em>увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи</em> – верно, так как тепло от горячего пламени переходит к холодному свинцу.</li></ol><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> 4</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599443" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599441" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 991605 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-241" "field_display_title" => "241" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "241" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1140 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1180 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1173265 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1173265 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991606" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991604" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1783 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1797 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599439 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1801 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1800 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1837 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1835 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1839 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1848 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599439 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1801 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1800 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1837 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1835 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1839 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1848 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1838 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599440 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1836 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1847 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1845 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1844 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1920 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1921 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599440 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1836 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1847 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1845 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1844 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1920 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1921 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1919 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599441 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1922 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1923 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1924 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1925 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1967 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1968 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599441 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1922 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1923 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1924 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1925 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1967 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1968 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1966 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599442 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1969 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1970 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1971 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1972 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2014 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2015 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599442 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1969 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1970 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1971 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1972 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2014 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2015 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#2013 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599443 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2016 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2017 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2018 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2019 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2061 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2062 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599443 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2016 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2017 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2018 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2019 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2061 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2062 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#2060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599444 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2063 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2064 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2065 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2066 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2108 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2109 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599444 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2063 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2064 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2065 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2066 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2108 …2} …4 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#2107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 991605 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-241" "field_display_title" => "241" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "241" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991606" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991604" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1783} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599442 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "241" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/zp-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599443" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599441" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991605" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№4 (с. 241)
Условие. №4 (с. 241)
скриншот условия
4. Кусок свинца поместили в пламя газовой горелки. Как изменилась его внутренняя энергия?
1) увеличилась за счёт совершения работы
2) уменьшилась за счёт совершения работы
3) уменьшилась за счёт теплопередачи
4) увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи
Решение 1. №4 (с. 241)
Решение 2. №4 (с. 241)
Решение 3. №4 (с. 241)
Решение 4. №4 (с. 241)
Решение
Внутренняя энергия термодинамической системы может быть изменена двумя способами: посредством совершения работы над системой (или системой над внешними телами) и посредством теплопередачи. Это описывается первым началом термодинамики:
$ \Delta U = Q + A_{внеш} $
где $ \Delta U $ – изменение внутренней энергии, $ Q $ – количество теплоты, переданное системе, и $ A_{внеш} $ – работа, совершённая внешними силами над системой.
В условии задачи кусок свинца помещают в пламя газовой горелки. Температура пламени значительно выше температуры свинца. Вследствие этой разницы температур происходит процесс теплопередачи: от более горячего тела (пламени) к более холодному (свинцу). В результате свинец получает некоторое количество теплоты $Q > 0$.
Полученная теплота идет на увеличение кинетической энергии хаотического движения атомов в кристаллической решетке свинца. Увеличение кинетической энергии частиц означает увеличение внутренней энергии тела. Таким образом, $ \Delta U > 0 $.
Рассмотрим, совершается ли работа. При нагревании свинец будет незначительно расширяться, совершая работу против сил атмосферного давления. Эта работа совершается самим телом ($A_{тела} > 0$), что эквивалентно отрицательной работе внешних сил ($A_{внеш} < 0$). Однако этот эффект пренебрежимо мал по сравнению с количеством теплоты, полученным от пламени. Основной причиной изменения внутренней энергии в данном случае является именно теплопередача.
Следовательно, внутренняя энергия куска свинца увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи.
Проанализируем предложенные варианты:
- увеличилась за счёт совершения работы – неверно, основной вклад вносит теплопередача, а не работа.
- уменьшилась за счёт совершения работы – неверно, энергия увеличилась, и причина не в работе.
- уменьшилась за счёт теплопередачи – неверно, энергия увеличилась, так как свинец поглощает тепло, а не отдает.
- увеличилась за счёт теплопередачи – верно, так как тепло от горячего пламени переходит к холодному свинцу.
Ответ: 4
Другие задания:
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