Номер 2.70, страница 67 - гдз по геометрии 8 класс учебник Шыныбеков, Шыныбеков

Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018

Авторы: Шыныбеков А. Н., Шыныбеков Д. А., Жумабаев Р. Н.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Атамұра

Год издания: 2018 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-331-161-6

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Раздел 2. Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника. 2.2. Синус, тангенс и котангенс острого угла - номер 2.70, страница 67.

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                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2}
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2}
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                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1095
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1101
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Учебник rus"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2}
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                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
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                "height" => 511
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102}
            "task" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p>2.70. Берег реки, ширина которой равна 40 м, представляет собой 30 метровый обрыв.</p><p><strong>1)</strong> Каково расстояние от наблюдателя, сидящего на обрыве, до другого берега реки?</p><p><strong>2)</strong> Наблюдателю кажется, что лодка стоит посередине реки (лодка и берега реки видны наблюдателю под одинаковыми углами). Каково расстояние от лодки до берегов реки фактически?</p>"
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        1 => App\Models\Element {#1109
          #connection: "mysql"
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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        2 => App\Models\Element {#1117
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        3 => App\Models\Element {#1125
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1</strong>)</p><p>Для решения задачи представим ситуацию в виде геометрической схемы. Пусть точка <i>O</i> — местоположение наблюдателя на краю обрыва. Точка <i>A</i> — основание обрыва на том же берегу (прямо под наблюдателем). Точка <i>B</i> — противоположный берег реки на уровне воды.</p><p>Таким образом, точки <i>O</i>, <i>A</i> и <i>B</i> образуют прямоугольный треугольник <i>OAB</i> с прямым углом при вершине <i>A</i>.</p><ul><li>Катет <i>OA</i> — это высота обрыва, $OA = 30$ м.</li><li>Катет <i>AB</i> — это ширина реки, $AB = 40$ м.</li></ul><p>Расстояние от наблюдателя до другого берега реки — это длина гипотенузы <i>OB</i> этого треугольника. Найдем ее по теореме Пифагора:</p><p>$OB^2 = OA^2 + AB^2$</p><p>$OB = \sqrt{OA^2 + AB^2} = \sqrt{30^2 + 40^2} = \sqrt{900 + 1600} = \sqrt{2500} = 50$ м.</p><p>Ответ: 50 м.</p><p><strong>2</strong>)</p><p>Пусть лодка находится в точке <i>L</i> на поверхности воды, то есть на отрезке <i>AB</i>. Условие, что «лодка и берега реки видны наблюдателю под одинаковыми углами», означает, что угол зрения на участок от ближнего берега до лодки ($\angle AOL$) равен углу зрения на участок от лодки до дальнего берега ($\angle LOB$).</p><p>Следовательно, луч <i>OL</i> является биссектрисой угла <i>AOB</i> в треугольнике <i>OAB</i>.</p><p>По свойству биссектрисы угла треугольника, она делит противолежащую сторону на отрезки, пропорциональные прилежащим сторонам. В нашем случае, биссектриса <i>OL</i> делит сторону <i>AB</i> на отрезки <i>AL</i> (расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега) и <i>LB</i> (расстояние от лодки до дальнего берега) так, что выполняется соотношение:</p><p>$\frac{AL}{LB} = \frac{OA}{OB}$</p><p>Из первого пункта мы знаем длины сторон <i>OA</i> и <i>OB</i>: $OA = 30$ м и $OB = 50$ м. Подставим эти значения в пропорцию:</p><p>$\frac{AL}{LB} = \frac{30}{50} = \frac{3}{5}$</p><p>Из этого соотношения следует, что $AL = \frac{3}{5} LB$.</p><p>Сумма отрезков <i>AL</i> и <i>LB</i> равна ширине реки:</p><p>$AL + LB = AB = 40$ м.</p><p>Теперь подставим выражение для <i>AL</i> в это уравнение:</p><p>$\frac{3}{5} LB + LB = 40$</p><p>$\frac{8}{5} LB = 40$</p><p>$LB = 40 \cdot \frac{5}{8} = 5 \cdot 5 = 25$ м.</p><p>Зная <i>LB</i>, найдем <i>AL</i>:</p><p>$AL = 40 - LB = 40 - 25 = 15$ м.</p><p>Таким образом, фактическое расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега составляет 15 м, а до дальнего — 25 м.</p><p>Ответ: расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега равно 15 м, а до дальнего — 25 м.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1</strong>)</p><p>Для решения задачи представим ситуацию в виде геометрической схемы. Пусть точка <i>O</i> — местоположение наблюдателя на краю обрыва. Точка <i>A</i> — основание обрыва на том же берегу (прямо под наблюдателем). Точка <i>B</i> — противоположный берег реки на уровне воды.</p><p>Таким образом, точки <i>O</i>, <i>A</i> и <i>B</i> образуют прямоугольный треугольник <i>OAB</i> с прямым углом при вершине <i>A</i>.</p><ul><li>Катет <i>OA</i> — это высота обрыва, $OA = 30$ м.</li><li>Катет <i>AB</i> — это ширина реки, $AB = 40$ м.</li></ul><p>Расстояние от наблюдателя до другого берега реки — это длина гипотенузы <i>OB</i> этого треугольника. Найдем ее по теореме Пифагора:</p><p>$OB^2 = OA^2 + AB^2$</p><p>$OB = \sqrt{OA^2 + AB^2} = \sqrt{30^2 + 40^2} = \sqrt{900 + 1600} = \sqrt{2500} = 50$ м.</p><p>Ответ: 50 м.</p><p><strong>2</strong>)</p><p>Пусть лодка находится в точке <i>L</i> на поверхности воды, то есть на отрезке <i>AB</i>. Условие, что «лодка и берега реки видны наблюдателю под одинаковыми углами», означает, что угол зрения на участок от ближнего берега до лодки ($\angle AOL$) равен углу зрения на участок от лодки до дальнего берега ($\angle LOB$).</p><p>Следовательно, луч <i>OL</i> является биссектрисой угла <i>AOB</i> в треугольнике <i>OAB</i>.</p><p>По свойству биссектрисы угла треугольника, она делит противолежащую сторону на отрезки, пропорциональные прилежащим сторонам. В нашем случае, биссектриса <i>OL</i> делит сторону <i>AB</i> на отрезки <i>AL</i> (расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега) и <i>LB</i> (расстояние от лодки до дальнего берега) так, что выполняется соотношение:</p><p>$\frac{AL}{LB} = \frac{OA}{OB}$</p><p>Из первого пункта мы знаем длины сторон <i>OA</i> и <i>OB</i>: $OA = 30$ м и $OB = 50$ м. Подставим эти значения в пропорцию:</p><p>$\frac{AL}{LB} = \frac{30}{50} = \frac{3}{5}$</p><p>Из этого соотношения следует, что $AL = \frac{3}{5} LB$.</p><p>Сумма отрезков <i>AL</i> и <i>LB</i> равна ширине реки:</p><p>$AL + LB = AB = 40$ м.</p><p>Теперь подставим выражение для <i>AL</i> в это уравнение:</p><p>$\frac{3}{5} LB + LB = 40$</p><p>$\frac{8}{5} LB = 40$</p><p>$LB = 40 \cdot \frac{5}{8} = 5 \cdot 5 = 25$ м.</p><p>Зная <i>LB</i>, найдем <i>AL</i>:</p><p>$AL = 40 - LB = 40 - 25 = 15$ м.</p><p>Таким образом, фактическое расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега составляет 15 м, а до дальнего — 25 м.</p><p>Ответ: расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега равно 15 м, а до дальнего — 25 м.</p>"
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                0 => App\Models\Element {#1218
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                }
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                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2}
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            "next" => array:2 [
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                0 => App\Models\Task {#1215
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№2.70 (с. 67)
Учебник rus. №2.70 (с. 67)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018, страница 67, номер 2.70, Учебник rus

2.70. Берег реки, ширина которой равна 40 м, представляет собой 30 метровый обрыв.

1) Каково расстояние от наблюдателя, сидящего на обрыве, до другого берега реки?

2) Наблюдателю кажется, что лодка стоит посередине реки (лодка и берега реки видны наблюдателю под одинаковыми углами). Каково расстояние от лодки до берегов реки фактически?

Учебник kz. №2.70 (с. 67)
Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018, страница 67, номер 2.70, Учебник kz
Решение. №2.70 (с. 67)
Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018, страница 67, номер 2.70, Решение
Решение 2 rus. №2.70 (с. 67)

1)

Для решения задачи представим ситуацию в виде геометрической схемы. Пусть точка O — местоположение наблюдателя на краю обрыва. Точка A — основание обрыва на том же берегу (прямо под наблюдателем). Точка B — противоположный берег реки на уровне воды.

Таким образом, точки O, A и B образуют прямоугольный треугольник OAB с прямым углом при вершине A.

  • Катет OA — это высота обрыва, $OA = 30$ м.
  • Катет AB — это ширина реки, $AB = 40$ м.

Расстояние от наблюдателя до другого берега реки — это длина гипотенузы OB этого треугольника. Найдем ее по теореме Пифагора:

$OB^2 = OA^2 + AB^2$

$OB = \sqrt{OA^2 + AB^2} = \sqrt{30^2 + 40^2} = \sqrt{900 + 1600} = \sqrt{2500} = 50$ м.

Ответ: 50 м.

2)

Пусть лодка находится в точке L на поверхности воды, то есть на отрезке AB. Условие, что «лодка и берега реки видны наблюдателю под одинаковыми углами», означает, что угол зрения на участок от ближнего берега до лодки ($\angle AOL$) равен углу зрения на участок от лодки до дальнего берега ($\angle LOB$).

Следовательно, луч OL является биссектрисой угла AOB в треугольнике OAB.

По свойству биссектрисы угла треугольника, она делит противолежащую сторону на отрезки, пропорциональные прилежащим сторонам. В нашем случае, биссектриса OL делит сторону AB на отрезки AL (расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега) и LB (расстояние от лодки до дальнего берега) так, что выполняется соотношение:

$\frac{AL}{LB} = \frac{OA}{OB}$

Из первого пункта мы знаем длины сторон OA и OB: $OA = 30$ м и $OB = 50$ м. Подставим эти значения в пропорцию:

$\frac{AL}{LB} = \frac{30}{50} = \frac{3}{5}$

Из этого соотношения следует, что $AL = \frac{3}{5} LB$.

Сумма отрезков AL и LB равна ширине реки:

$AL + LB = AB = 40$ м.

Теперь подставим выражение для AL в это уравнение:

$\frac{3}{5} LB + LB = 40$

$\frac{8}{5} LB = 40$

$LB = 40 \cdot \frac{5}{8} = 5 \cdot 5 = 25$ м.

Зная LB, найдем AL:

$AL = 40 - LB = 40 - 25 = 15$ м.

Таким образом, фактическое расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега составляет 15 м, а до дальнего — 25 м.

Ответ: расстояние от лодки до ближнего берега равно 15 м, а до дальнего — 25 м.

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