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Страница 161 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис
Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2022
ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Cтраница 161
App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368171 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "161" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-161" "field_display_title" => "161" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "161" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1007 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1011 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1013 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1015 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1017 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1018 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1019 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1020 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1022 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1027 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1017} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1019} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580458 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "161-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/161-1.webp" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580458 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "161-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/161-1.webp" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5637 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5636 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368172 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "162" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-162" "field_display_title" => "162" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "162" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5651 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5650 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5648 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5780 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5782 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580459 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5784 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368172" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "162-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/162-1.webp" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580459 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5784} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368172" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "162-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/162-1.webp" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368173" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5649 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368172 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "162" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-162" "field_display_title" => "162" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "162" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5651} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5650} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5648} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5780} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368173" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5649} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5632 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5631 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368169 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-160" "field_display_title" => "160" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "160" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5633 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5634 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5635 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5645 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5644 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580457 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5646 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "160-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/160-1.webp" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580457 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5646} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "160-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/160-1.webp" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368168" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5638 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#5654 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367616 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "159" "field_page_end" => "160" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5658 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#5655 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5657 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5656 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5693 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#5707 …30} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#5711 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5691 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5685 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#5683 …30} 2 => App\Models\Element {#5680 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367617" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367615" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5687 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368168" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367616 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "159" "field_page_end" => "160" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5658} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5657} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5656} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5693} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5691} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367617" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367615" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5687} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368168" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#5659 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367617 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5700 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#5655 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5688 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5686 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5690 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#5707 …30} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#5711 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5671 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#5669 …30} 2 => App\Models\Element {#5667 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367618" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367616" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5674 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367617 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5700} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5688} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5686} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5690} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367618" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367616" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5674} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#5689 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367618 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5662 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#5655 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5673 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5672 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5675 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#5707 …30} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#5711 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5678 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5695 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#5696 …30} 2 => App\Models\Element {#5714 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367619" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367617" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5699 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367618 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5662} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5673} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5672} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5675} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5678} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367619" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367617" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5699} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#5676 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367619 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5677 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#5655 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5692 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5701 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5660 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#5707 …30} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#5711 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5661 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5731 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#5733 …30} 2 => App\Models\Element {#5735 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367620" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367618" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5728 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367619 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5677} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5692} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5701} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5660} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5661} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367620" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367618" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5728} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#5694 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367620 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5665 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#5655 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5727 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5729 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5703 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5805 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5815 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#5819 …30} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#5823 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5798 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5793 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#5792 …30} 2 => App\Models\Element {#5790 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367621" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367619" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5796 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367620 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5665} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5727} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5729} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5805} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5798} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367621" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367619" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5796} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#5766 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367621 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-4-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5812 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#5655 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5797 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5795 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5815 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5802 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#5815 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#5819 …30} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#5823 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5803 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5779 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#5778 …30} 2 => App\Models\Element {#5776 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367620" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5783 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367621 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/46-4-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5812} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5797} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5795} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5802} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5803} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367620" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5783} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368169 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "160" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-160" "field_display_title" => "160" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "160" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5633} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5634} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5635} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5645} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368168" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5638} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1054 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367622 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "161" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/47-1-1" "field_display_title" => "Вопросы в начале параграфа" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1110} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1114 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 1367237 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Химические свойства солей" "field_branch_order" => "47" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "161" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 1367237 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Химические свойства солей" "field_branch_order" => "47" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_page_start" => "161" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 1367238 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "161" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 1367238 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_page_start" => "161" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1580138 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>🔴<strong>С какой солью вы постоянно встречаетесь в быту?</strong></p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1580138 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>🔴<strong>С какой солью вы постоянно встречаетесь в быту?</strong></p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580210 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580210 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1083 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1740341 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>В быту мы постоянно встречаемся с <strong>поваренной солью</strong>, химическое название которой — <strong>хлорид натрия</strong>. Её химическая формула — $NaCl$. Это самая известная и широко используемая соль в повседневной жизни. С точки зрения химии, это ионное соединение, образованное катионом металла натрия ($Na^+$) и анионом кислотного остатка соляной кислоты ($Cl^-$).</p><p>Основное применение поваренной соли — в кулинарии, где она служит важнейшей вкусовой добавкой и консервантом. Соль используют для консервирования овощей, мяса и рыбы, так как она подавляет развитие патогенных микроорганизмов. Кроме того, техническую соль применяют для борьбы с гололёдом на дорогах в зимний период, а её водные растворы используются в медицинских целях, например, для полоскания горла.</p><p>Помимо поваренной соли, в быту также можно встретить и другие соли. Например, <strong>пищевая сода</strong> (гидрокарбонат натрия, $NaHCO_3$) используется в выпечке и как чистящее средство. <strong>Кальцинированная сода</strong> (карбонат натрия, $Na_2CO_3$) применяется для стирки и умягчения воды. В садоводстве используют <strong>медный купорос</strong> (кристаллогидрат сульфата меди(II), $CuSO_4 \cdot 5H_2O$) для защиты растений. Однако именно поваренная соль является той солью, с которой человек сталкивается наиболее часто.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В быту постоянно встречается поваренная соль, химическая формула которой $NaCl$ (хлорид натрия).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1740341 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367622" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>В быту мы постоянно встречаемся с <strong>поваренной солью</strong>, химическое название которой — <strong>хлорид натрия</strong>. Её химическая формула — $NaCl$. Это самая известная и широко используемая соль в повседневной жизни. С точки зрения химии, это ионное соединение, образованное катионом металла натрия ($Na^+$) и анионом кислотного остатка соляной кислоты ($Cl^-$).</p><p>Основное применение поваренной соли — в кулинарии, где она служит важнейшей вкусовой добавкой и консервантом. Соль используют для консервирования овощей, мяса и рыбы, так как она подавляет развитие патогенных микроорганизмов. Кроме того, техническую соль применяют для борьбы с гололёдом на дорогах в зимний период, а её водные растворы используются в медицинских целях, например, для полоскания горла.</p><p>Помимо поваренной соли, в быту также можно встретить и другие соли. Например, <strong>пищевая сода</strong> (гидрокарбонат натрия, $NaHCO_3$) используется в выпечке и как чистящее средство. <strong>Кальцинированная сода</strong> (карбонат натрия, $Na_2CO_3$) применяется для стирки и умягчения воды. В садоводстве используют <strong>медный купорос</strong> (кристаллогидрат сульфата меди(II), $CuSO_4 \cdot 5H_2O$) для защиты растений. Однако именно поваренная соль является той солью, с которой человек сталкивается наиболее часто.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В быту постоянно встречается поваренная соль, химическая формула которой $NaCl$ (хлорид натрия).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367623" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367621" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1006} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367622 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "161" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/47-1-1" "field_display_title" => "Вопросы в начале параграфа" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367623" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367621" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368171" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368171 "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "161" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-161" "field_display_title" => "161" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "161" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368172" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368169" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
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