Страница 155 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис

Химия, 8 класс Учебник, автор: Рудзитис Гунтис Екабович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022

Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2022

ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Cтраница 155

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
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  #withCount: []
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    "id" => 1368163
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    "updated_at" => null
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    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-155"
    "field_display_title" => "155"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "155"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
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        0 => App\Models\Book {#1006
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                  ]
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
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              #items: array:1 [
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1022
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1072
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                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1367217
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений"
                    "field_branch_order" => "6"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "131"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1367217
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений"
                    "field_branch_order" => "6"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "131"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1367217
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений"
                    "field_branch_order" => "6"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "131"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1119
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1367232
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Химические свойства кислот"
                    "field_branch_order" => "45"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "153"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1367232
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Химические свойства кислот"
                    "field_branch_order" => "45"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "153"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1124
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1367233
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..."
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "153"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                     …13
                  ]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1097
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1095
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1088
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367610"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367608"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367609
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367610"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367608"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Task {#1065
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367610
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1061}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1119}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1124}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1113
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1107
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1108
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367611"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367609"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367610
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367611"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367609"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Task {#1101
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367611
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1061}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1119}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1124}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1142
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1144
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1146
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367612"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367610"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367612"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367610"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
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          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        3 => App\Models\Task {#1062
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367612
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1061}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1119}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1124}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1156
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1158
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1160
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367613"
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            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367611"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367612
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367613"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367611"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        4 => App\Models\Task {#1132
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367613
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1061}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1119}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1124}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1170
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1172
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1174
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367614"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367612"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1367613
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "155"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/45-3-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367614"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1367612"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368163"
              "type" => "book_page"
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          ]
          #changes: []
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
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        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
  ]
  #original: array:21 [
    "id" => 1368163
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    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "155"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-155"
    "field_display_title" => "155"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "155"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046}
    "next" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1368164"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1368162"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036}
  ]
  #changes: []
  #casts: []
  #classCastCache: []
  #attributeCastCache: []
  #dateFormat: null
  #appends: []
  #dispatchesEvents: []
  #observables: []
  #relations: []
  #touches: []
  +timestamps: true
  +usesUniqueIds: false
  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
  #fillable: []
  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
Химия, 8 класс Учебник, автор: Рудзитис Гунтис Екабович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, страница 155
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