Номер 823, страница 226 - гдз по алгебре 9 класс учебник Солтан, Солтан

Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Солтан Г. Н., Солтан А. Е., Жумадилова А. Ж.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Кокшетау

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-317-424-2

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

IV. Тригонометрия. 30. Упражнения на повторение раздела «Тригонометрия» - номер 823, страница 226.

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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Для доказательства равенства $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $ воспользуемся теоремой синусов.</p><p>Согласно теореме синусов, для любого треугольника со сторонами $a, b, c$ и противолежащими им углами $A, B, C$ верно соотношение $ \frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C} = k $, где $k$ – постоянная величина (равная диаметру описанной окружности). Отсюда выразим стороны через синусы углов: $ a = k \sin A, b = k \sin B, c = k \sin C $.</p><p>Преобразуем левую часть доказываемого равенства, подставив в нее полученные выражения:<br>$ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{k \sin A + k \sin B}{k \sin C} = \frac{\sin A + \sin B}{\sin C} $.</p><p>Далее применим тригонометрические формулы преобразования:<br>1. Для числителя используем формулу суммы синусов: $ \sin A + \sin B = 2 \sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2} $.<br>2. Для знаменателя используем формулу синуса двойного угла: $ \sin C = 2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>После подстановки выражение примет вид:<br>$ \frac{2 \sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} = \frac{\sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Сумма углов в треугольнике равна $ \pi $, то есть $ A+B+C = \pi $. Отсюда следует, что $ A+B = \pi - C $, и, разделив на 2, получим $ \frac{A+B}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2} $.<br>Применяя формулу приведения, находим: $ \sin\frac{A+B}{2} = \sin(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2}) = \cos\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>Подставим это в наше выражение:<br>$ \frac{\cos\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Сократив общий множитель $ \cos\frac{C}{2} $ (что допустимо, так как для любого угла треугольника $C$ выполняется $ 0 &lt; C &lt; \pi $, а значит $ 0 &lt; \frac{C}{2} &lt; \frac{\pi}{2} $ и $ \cos\frac{C}{2} \neq 0 $), мы получаем правую часть исходного равенства:<br>$ \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $.<br>Таким образом, равенство доказано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Равенство $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $ доказано.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Для доказательства равенства $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $ будем действовать аналогично предыдущему пункту.</p><p>Используя выражения для сторон из теоремы синусов ($ a = k \sin A, b = k \sin B, c = k \sin C $), преобразуем левую часть равенства:<br>$ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{k \sin A - k \sin B}{k \sin C} = \frac{\sin A - \sin B}{\sin C} $.</p><p>Применим тригонометрические формулы:<br>1. Для числителя используем формулу разности синусов: $ \sin A - \sin B = 2 \sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2} $.<br>2. Для знаменателя используем формулу синуса двойного угла: $ \sin C = 2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>После подстановки получим:<br>$ \frac{2 \sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2}}{2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Как и ранее, используем соотношение $ \frac{A+B}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2} $.<br>Применим формулу приведения: $ \cos\frac{A+B}{2} = \cos(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2}) = \sin\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>Подставим полученный результат в наше выражение:<br>$ \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \sin\frac{C}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Сократив общий множитель $ \sin\frac{C}{2} $ (что допустимо, так как $ 0 &lt; \frac{C}{2} &lt; \frac{\pi}{2} $ и $ \sin\frac{C}{2} \neq 0 $), мы получаем правую часть исходного равенства:<br>$ \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $.<br>Таким образом, равенство доказано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Равенство $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $ доказано.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Для доказательства равенства $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $ воспользуемся теоремой синусов.</p><p>Согласно теореме синусов, для любого треугольника со сторонами $a, b, c$ и противолежащими им углами $A, B, C$ верно соотношение $ \frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C} = k $, где $k$ – постоянная величина (равная диаметру описанной окружности). Отсюда выразим стороны через синусы углов: $ a = k \sin A, b = k \sin B, c = k \sin C $.</p><p>Преобразуем левую часть доказываемого равенства, подставив в нее полученные выражения:<br>$ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{k \sin A + k \sin B}{k \sin C} = \frac{\sin A + \sin B}{\sin C} $.</p><p>Далее применим тригонометрические формулы преобразования:<br>1. Для числителя используем формулу суммы синусов: $ \sin A + \sin B = 2 \sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2} $.<br>2. Для знаменателя используем формулу синуса двойного угла: $ \sin C = 2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>После подстановки выражение примет вид:<br>$ \frac{2 \sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} = \frac{\sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Сумма углов в треугольнике равна $ \pi $, то есть $ A+B+C = \pi $. Отсюда следует, что $ A+B = \pi - C $, и, разделив на 2, получим $ \frac{A+B}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2} $.<br>Применяя формулу приведения, находим: $ \sin\frac{A+B}{2} = \sin(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2}) = \cos\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>Подставим это в наше выражение:<br>$ \frac{\cos\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Сократив общий множитель $ \cos\frac{C}{2} $ (что допустимо, так как для любого угла треугольника $C$ выполняется $ 0 &lt; C &lt; \pi $, а значит $ 0 &lt; \frac{C}{2} &lt; \frac{\pi}{2} $ и $ \cos\frac{C}{2} \neq 0 $), мы получаем правую часть исходного равенства:<br>$ \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $.<br>Таким образом, равенство доказано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Равенство $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $ доказано.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Для доказательства равенства $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $ будем действовать аналогично предыдущему пункту.</p><p>Используя выражения для сторон из теоремы синусов ($ a = k \sin A, b = k \sin B, c = k \sin C $), преобразуем левую часть равенства:<br>$ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{k \sin A - k \sin B}{k \sin C} = \frac{\sin A - \sin B}{\sin C} $.</p><p>Применим тригонометрические формулы:<br>1. Для числителя используем формулу разности синусов: $ \sin A - \sin B = 2 \sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2} $.<br>2. Для знаменателя используем формулу синуса двойного угла: $ \sin C = 2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>После подстановки получим:<br>$ \frac{2 \sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2}}{2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Как и ранее, используем соотношение $ \frac{A+B}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2} $.<br>Применим формулу приведения: $ \cos\frac{A+B}{2} = \cos(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2}) = \sin\frac{C}{2} $.</p><p>Подставим полученный результат в наше выражение:<br>$ \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \sin\frac{C}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.</p><p>Сократив общий множитель $ \sin\frac{C}{2} $ (что допустимо, так как $ 0 &lt; \frac{C}{2} &lt; \frac{\pi}{2} $ и $ \sin\frac{C}{2} \neq 0 $), мы получаем правую часть исходного равенства:<br>$ \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $.<br>Таким образом, равенство доказано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Равенство $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $ доказано.</p>"
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                1 => App\Models\Task {#1861
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                2 => App\Models\Task {#1858
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                3 => App\Models\Task {#1853
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                4 => App\Models\Task {#1864
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1866 …2}
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                5 => App\Models\Task {#1871
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1876 …2}
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                6 => App\Models\Task {#1873
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№823 (с. 226)
Условие. №823 (с. 226)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 226, номер 823, Условие

823. Докажите, что для треугольника ABC со сторонами a, b, c верно равенство:

a) $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos \frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin \frac{C}{2}} $;

б) $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin \frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos \frac{C}{2}} $ (формулы немецкого математика К. Моллвейде (1774–1825)).

Решение. №823 (с. 226)
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 226, номер 823, Решение
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 226, номер 823, Решение (продолжение 2)
Решение 2 (rus). №823 (с. 226)

а)

Для доказательства равенства $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $ воспользуемся теоремой синусов.

Согласно теореме синусов, для любого треугольника со сторонами $a, b, c$ и противолежащими им углами $A, B, C$ верно соотношение $ \frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C} = k $, где $k$ – постоянная величина (равная диаметру описанной окружности). Отсюда выразим стороны через синусы углов: $ a = k \sin A, b = k \sin B, c = k \sin C $.

Преобразуем левую часть доказываемого равенства, подставив в нее полученные выражения:
$ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{k \sin A + k \sin B}{k \sin C} = \frac{\sin A + \sin B}{\sin C} $.

Далее применим тригонометрические формулы преобразования:
1. Для числителя используем формулу суммы синусов: $ \sin A + \sin B = 2 \sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2} $.
2. Для знаменателя используем формулу синуса двойного угла: $ \sin C = 2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2} $.

После подстановки выражение примет вид:
$ \frac{2 \sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} = \frac{\sin\frac{A+B}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.

Сумма углов в треугольнике равна $ \pi $, то есть $ A+B+C = \pi $. Отсюда следует, что $ A+B = \pi - C $, и, разделив на 2, получим $ \frac{A+B}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2} $.
Применяя формулу приведения, находим: $ \sin\frac{A+B}{2} = \sin(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2}) = \cos\frac{C}{2} $.

Подставим это в наше выражение:
$ \frac{\cos\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.

Сократив общий множитель $ \cos\frac{C}{2} $ (что допустимо, так как для любого угла треугольника $C$ выполняется $ 0 < C < \pi $, а значит $ 0 < \frac{C}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2} $ и $ \cos\frac{C}{2} \neq 0 $), мы получаем правую часть исходного равенства:
$ \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $.
Таким образом, равенство доказано.

Ответ: Равенство $ \frac{a+b}{c} = \frac{\cos\frac{A-B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2}} $ доказано.

б)

Для доказательства равенства $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $ будем действовать аналогично предыдущему пункту.

Используя выражения для сторон из теоремы синусов ($ a = k \sin A, b = k \sin B, c = k \sin C $), преобразуем левую часть равенства:
$ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{k \sin A - k \sin B}{k \sin C} = \frac{\sin A - \sin B}{\sin C} $.

Применим тригонометрические формулы:
1. Для числителя используем формулу разности синусов: $ \sin A - \sin B = 2 \sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2} $.
2. Для знаменателя используем формулу синуса двойного угла: $ \sin C = 2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2} $.

После подстановки получим:
$ \frac{2 \sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2}}{2 \sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \cos\frac{A+B}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.

Как и ранее, используем соотношение $ \frac{A+B}{2} = \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2} $.
Применим формулу приведения: $ \cos\frac{A+B}{2} = \cos(\frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{C}{2}) = \sin\frac{C}{2} $.

Подставим полученный результат в наше выражение:
$ \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2} \sin\frac{C}{2}}{\sin\frac{C}{2} \cos\frac{C}{2}} $.

Сократив общий множитель $ \sin\frac{C}{2} $ (что допустимо, так как $ 0 < \frac{C}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2} $ и $ \sin\frac{C}{2} \neq 0 $), мы получаем правую часть исходного равенства:
$ \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $.
Таким образом, равенство доказано.

Ответ: Равенство $ \frac{a-b}{c} = \frac{\sin\frac{A-B}{2}}{\cos\frac{C}{2}} $ доказано.

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