Номер 3, страница 60, часть 3 - гдз по физике 9 класс рабочая тетрадь Грачев, Погожев

Авторы: Грачев А. В., Погожев В. А., Боков П. Ю., Вишнякова Е. А.

Тип: рабочая тетрадь

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2021 - 2026

Часть: 3

Цвет обложки: синий

ISBN: 978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)

Часть 3. Глава 9. Физика атома и атомного ядра. Параграф 52. Строение атома - номер 3, страница 60.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
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                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2021"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2, 3"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "594"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-rt/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)"
                    "field_cover" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_covers" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1434847
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077}
            "field_page_start" => "3"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1112
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1434866
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра"
            "field_branch_order" => "9"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1114
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "60"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1116
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1203
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "6"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2021"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2, 3"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "594"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-rt/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)"
                    "field_cover" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_covers" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1203
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "6"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2021"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2, 3"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "594"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-rt/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-098826-1 (ч.1) 978-5-09-098880-3 (ч.2) 978-5-09-098881-0 (ч.3)"
                    "field_cover" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_covers" => array:3 [ …3]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-rabochaya-tetrad"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1149
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1434847
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => null
                    "field_branch_order" => "3"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "3"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1434847
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => null
                    "field_branch_order" => "3"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "3"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1434866
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Физика атома и атомного ядра"
            "field_branch_order" => "9"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113}
            "field_page_start" => "60"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1186
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1434867
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Строение атома"
            "field_branch_order" => "52"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1188
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "60"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1190
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1203
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "6"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2021"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2, 3"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Средняя плотность вещества в ядре атома примерно равна</p><p>1) $10^{-15} \text{ г/см}^3$</p><p>2) $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3$</p><p>3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$</p><p>4) $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3$</p><p>Отметьте знаком «Х» правильный вариант ответа.</p><p>1) []</p><p>2) []</p><p>3) []</p><p>4) []</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Чтобы определить среднюю плотность вещества в ядре атома, необходимо рассчитать отношение массы ядра к его объему.</p> <p><strong>Дано:</strong></p> <p>Для расчета будем использовать общеизвестные физические константы и эмпирические формулы:</p> <p>Масса нуклона (усредненная масса протона и нейтрона): $m_n \approx 1.67 \times 10^{-27}$ кг</p> <p>Эмпирический коэффициент в формуле для радиуса ядра: $R_0 \approx 1.2 \times 10^{-15}$ м</p> <p><em>Все данные уже представлены в системе СИ.</em></p> <p><strong>Найти:</strong></p> <p>Средняя плотность вещества в ядре атома $\rho$.</p> <p><strong>Решение:</strong></p> <p>Средняя плотность $\rho$ определяется по формуле:</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$</p> <p>где $m$ - масса ядра, а $V$ - его объем.</p> <p>Массу ядра можно оценить как произведение массового числа $A$ (общее число протонов и нейтронов) на массу одного нуклона $m_n$:</p> <p>$m \approx A \cdot m_n$</p> <p>Ядро атома имеет приблизительно сферическую форму, поэтому его объем $V$ можно вычислить по формуле для объема шара:</p> <p>$V = \frac{4}{3}\pi R^3$</p> <p>где $R$ - радиус ядра. Радиус ядра связан с массовым числом $A$ следующим эмпирическим соотношением:</p> <p>$R = R_0 \cdot A^{1/3}$</p> <p>Подставим выражения для массы и объема в формулу плотности:</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{A \cdot m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi (R_0 \cdot A^{1/3})^3} = \frac{A \cdot m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_0^3 A}$</p> <p>Сократив массовое число $A$, получаем, что плотность ядерного вещества примерно одинакова для всех ядер и не зависит от их размера:</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_0^3}$</p> <p>Теперь подставим числовые значения констант в систему СИ (кг/м³):</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{\frac{4}{3} \cdot 3.14159 \cdot (1.2 \times 10^{-15} \text{ м})^3} \approx \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{4.1888 \cdot 1.728 \times 10^{-45} \text{ м}^3} \approx \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{7.238 \times 10^{-45} \text{ м}^3} \approx 2.3 \times 10^{17} \text{ кг/м}^3$</p> <p>Получили плотность ядерного вещества порядка $10^{17}$ кг/м³. Теперь сравним этот результат с предложенными вариантами, приведя их к одной системе единиц. Удобнее всего перевести наш результат в г/см³, так как большинство вариантов даны в этой размерности.</p> <p>Учитывая, что $1 \text{ кг} = 10^3 \text{ г}$ и $1 \text{ м}^3 = (10^2 \text{ см})^3 = 10^6 \text{ см}^3$, получаем:</p> <p>$\rho \approx 2.3 \times 10^{17} \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} = 2.3 \times 10^{17} \frac{10^3 \text{ г}}{10^6 \text{ см}^3} = 2.3 \times 10^{14} \frac{\text{г}}{\text{см}^3}$</p> <p>Теперь проанализируем варианты ответов:</p> <p><strong>1) $10^{-15} \text{ г/см}^3$</strong></p> <p>Это значение на 29 порядков меньше расчетного. Неверно.</p> <p><strong>2) $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3$</strong></p> <p>Переведем в г/см³: $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3 = 10^{15} \cdot 10^3 \text{ г/см}^3 = 10^{18} \text{ г/см}^3$. Это значение на 4 порядка больше расчетного. Неверно.</p> <p><strong>3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$</strong></p> <p>Это значение очень близко к нашему расчетному значению $2.3 \times 10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$. Порядок величины совпадает. Это правильный вариант.</p> <p><strong>4) $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3$</strong></p> <p>Переведем в г/см³: $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3 = 10^{19} \frac{\text{г}}{10^6 \text{ см}^3} = 10^{13} \text{ г/см}^3$. Это значение на порядок меньше расчетного. Неверно.</p> <p>Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа — 3. В бланке ответов следует отметить знаком «X» квадрат напротив цифры 3.</p> <p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Правильный вариант ответа — 3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Чтобы определить среднюю плотность вещества в ядре атома, необходимо рассчитать отношение массы ядра к его объему.</p> <p><strong>Дано:</strong></p> <p>Для расчета будем использовать общеизвестные физические константы и эмпирические формулы:</p> <p>Масса нуклона (усредненная масса протона и нейтрона): $m_n \approx 1.67 \times 10^{-27}$ кг</p> <p>Эмпирический коэффициент в формуле для радиуса ядра: $R_0 \approx 1.2 \times 10^{-15}$ м</p> <p><em>Все данные уже представлены в системе СИ.</em></p> <p><strong>Найти:</strong></p> <p>Средняя плотность вещества в ядре атома $\rho$.</p> <p><strong>Решение:</strong></p> <p>Средняя плотность $\rho$ определяется по формуле:</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$</p> <p>где $m$ - масса ядра, а $V$ - его объем.</p> <p>Массу ядра можно оценить как произведение массового числа $A$ (общее число протонов и нейтронов) на массу одного нуклона $m_n$:</p> <p>$m \approx A \cdot m_n$</p> <p>Ядро атома имеет приблизительно сферическую форму, поэтому его объем $V$ можно вычислить по формуле для объема шара:</p> <p>$V = \frac{4}{3}\pi R^3$</p> <p>где $R$ - радиус ядра. Радиус ядра связан с массовым числом $A$ следующим эмпирическим соотношением:</p> <p>$R = R_0 \cdot A^{1/3}$</p> <p>Подставим выражения для массы и объема в формулу плотности:</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{A \cdot m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi (R_0 \cdot A^{1/3})^3} = \frac{A \cdot m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_0^3 A}$</p> <p>Сократив массовое число $A$, получаем, что плотность ядерного вещества примерно одинакова для всех ядер и не зависит от их размера:</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_0^3}$</p> <p>Теперь подставим числовые значения констант в систему СИ (кг/м³):</p> <p>$\rho = \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{\frac{4}{3} \cdot 3.14159 \cdot (1.2 \times 10^{-15} \text{ м})^3} \approx \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{4.1888 \cdot 1.728 \times 10^{-45} \text{ м}^3} \approx \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{7.238 \times 10^{-45} \text{ м}^3} \approx 2.3 \times 10^{17} \text{ кг/м}^3$</p> <p>Получили плотность ядерного вещества порядка $10^{17}$ кг/м³. Теперь сравним этот результат с предложенными вариантами, приведя их к одной системе единиц. Удобнее всего перевести наш результат в г/см³, так как большинство вариантов даны в этой размерности.</p> <p>Учитывая, что $1 \text{ кг} = 10^3 \text{ г}$ и $1 \text{ м}^3 = (10^2 \text{ см})^3 = 10^6 \text{ см}^3$, получаем:</p> <p>$\rho \approx 2.3 \times 10^{17} \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} = 2.3 \times 10^{17} \frac{10^3 \text{ г}}{10^6 \text{ см}^3} = 2.3 \times 10^{14} \frac{\text{г}}{\text{см}^3}$</p> <p>Теперь проанализируем варианты ответов:</p> <p><strong>1) $10^{-15} \text{ г/см}^3$</strong></p> <p>Это значение на 29 порядков меньше расчетного. Неверно.</p> <p><strong>2) $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3$</strong></p> <p>Переведем в г/см³: $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3 = 10^{15} \cdot 10^3 \text{ г/см}^3 = 10^{18} \text{ г/см}^3$. Это значение на 4 порядка больше расчетного. Неверно.</p> <p><strong>3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$</strong></p> <p>Это значение очень близко к нашему расчетному значению $2.3 \times 10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$. Порядок величины совпадает. Это правильный вариант.</p> <p><strong>4) $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3$</strong></p> <p>Переведем в г/см³: $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3 = 10^{19} \frac{\text{г}}{10^6 \text{ см}^3} = 10^{13} \text{ г/см}^3$. Это значение на порядок меньше расчетного. Неверно.</p> <p>Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа — 3. В бланке ответов следует отметить знаком «X» квадрат напротив цифры 3.</p> <p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Правильный вариант ответа — 3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$.</p>"
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№3 (с. 60)
Условие. №3 (с. 60)
скриншот условия
Физика, 9 класс рабочая тетрадь, авторы: Грачев Александр Васильевич, Погожев Владимир Александрович, Боков Павел Юрьевич, Вишнякова Екатерина Анатольевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2021, Часть 3, страница 60, номер 3, Условие

3. Средняя плотность вещества в ядре атома примерно равна

1) $10^{-15} \text{ г/см}^3$

2) $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3$

3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$

4) $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3$

Отметьте знаком «Х» правильный вариант ответа.

1) []

2) []

3) []

4) []

Решение. №3 (с. 60)

Чтобы определить среднюю плотность вещества в ядре атома, необходимо рассчитать отношение массы ядра к его объему.

Дано:

Для расчета будем использовать общеизвестные физические константы и эмпирические формулы:

Масса нуклона (усредненная масса протона и нейтрона): $m_n \approx 1.67 \times 10^{-27}$ кг

Эмпирический коэффициент в формуле для радиуса ядра: $R_0 \approx 1.2 \times 10^{-15}$ м

Все данные уже представлены в системе СИ.

Найти:

Средняя плотность вещества в ядре атома $\rho$.

Решение:

Средняя плотность $\rho$ определяется по формуле:

$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$

где $m$ - масса ядра, а $V$ - его объем.

Массу ядра можно оценить как произведение массового числа $A$ (общее число протонов и нейтронов) на массу одного нуклона $m_n$:

$m \approx A \cdot m_n$

Ядро атома имеет приблизительно сферическую форму, поэтому его объем $V$ можно вычислить по формуле для объема шара:

$V = \frac{4}{3}\pi R^3$

где $R$ - радиус ядра. Радиус ядра связан с массовым числом $A$ следующим эмпирическим соотношением:

$R = R_0 \cdot A^{1/3}$

Подставим выражения для массы и объема в формулу плотности:

$\rho = \frac{A \cdot m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi (R_0 \cdot A^{1/3})^3} = \frac{A \cdot m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_0^3 A}$

Сократив массовое число $A$, получаем, что плотность ядерного вещества примерно одинакова для всех ядер и не зависит от их размера:

$\rho = \frac{m_n}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_0^3}$

Теперь подставим числовые значения констант в систему СИ (кг/м³):

$\rho = \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{\frac{4}{3} \cdot 3.14159 \cdot (1.2 \times 10^{-15} \text{ м})^3} \approx \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{4.1888 \cdot 1.728 \times 10^{-45} \text{ м}^3} \approx \frac{1.67 \times 10^{-27} \text{ кг}}{7.238 \times 10^{-45} \text{ м}^3} \approx 2.3 \times 10^{17} \text{ кг/м}^3$

Получили плотность ядерного вещества порядка $10^{17}$ кг/м³. Теперь сравним этот результат с предложенными вариантами, приведя их к одной системе единиц. Удобнее всего перевести наш результат в г/см³, так как большинство вариантов даны в этой размерности.

Учитывая, что $1 \text{ кг} = 10^3 \text{ г}$ и $1 \text{ м}^3 = (10^2 \text{ см})^3 = 10^6 \text{ см}^3$, получаем:

$\rho \approx 2.3 \times 10^{17} \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} = 2.3 \times 10^{17} \frac{10^3 \text{ г}}{10^6 \text{ см}^3} = 2.3 \times 10^{14} \frac{\text{г}}{\text{см}^3}$

Теперь проанализируем варианты ответов:

1) $10^{-15} \text{ г/см}^3$

Это значение на 29 порядков меньше расчетного. Неверно.

2) $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3$

Переведем в г/см³: $10^{15} \text{ кг/см}^3 = 10^{15} \cdot 10^3 \text{ г/см}^3 = 10^{18} \text{ г/см}^3$. Это значение на 4 порядка больше расчетного. Неверно.

3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$

Это значение очень близко к нашему расчетному значению $2.3 \times 10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$. Порядок величины совпадает. Это правильный вариант.

4) $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3$

Переведем в г/см³: $10^{19} \text{ г/м}^3 = 10^{19} \frac{\text{г}}{10^6 \text{ см}^3} = 10^{13} \text{ г/см}^3$. Это значение на порядок меньше расчетного. Неверно.

Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа — 3. В бланке ответов следует отметить знаком «X» квадрат напротив цифры 3.

Ответ: Правильный вариант ответа — 3) $10^{14} \text{ г/см}^3$.

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