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Номер 1, страница 298 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Грачев, Погожев
Авторы: Грачев А. В., Погожев В. А., Боков П. Ю.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: алгоритм успеха
Издательство: Вентана-граф
Год издания: 2012 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий изображено здание и радуга
ISBN: 978-5-360-07412-0
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
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App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438517 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49upr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "248" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вентана-граф" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ventana-graf" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Вентана-граф" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ventana-graf" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4180 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Грачев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Александр" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5484 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Погожев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3888 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Боков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Павел" "field_patronymic" => "Юрьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1050 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1052 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "алгоритм успеха" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "algoritm uspekha" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "алгоритм успеха" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "algoritm uspekha" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1056 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 6900 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "доработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "dorabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 6900 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "доработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "dorabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759082140" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "248" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Построение изображений, создаваемых тонкими рассеивающими линзами" "field_branch_order" => "49" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "296" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_page_start" => "248" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оптика" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_page_start" => "248" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Построение изображений, создаваемых тонкими рассеивающими линзами" "field_branch_order" => "49" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_page_start" => "296" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1109 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438009 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Упражнения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "298" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Построение изображений, создаваемых тонкими рассеивающими линзами" "field_branch_order" => "49" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_page_start" => "296" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Построение изображений, создаваемых тонкими рассеивающими линзами" "field_branch_order" => "49" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_page_start" => "296" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438009 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Упражнения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_page_start" => "298" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1118 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1705401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6112 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6112 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438517" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Постройте изображение светящейся точки, расположенной перед рассеивающей линзой ($F = -4 \text{ см}$) на расстоянии $a = 6 \text{ см}$ от её главной плоскости и на расстоянии $h = 2 \text{ см}$ от её главной оптической оси.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "484" "height" => 123 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-49upr/1-1.webp?ts=1759503227" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1705401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438517" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Постройте изображение светящейся точки, расположенной перед рассеивающей линзой ($F = -4 \text{ см}$) на расстоянии $a = 6 \text{ см}$ от её главной плоскости и на расстоянии $h = 2 \text{ см}$ от её главной оптической оси.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "484" "height" => 123 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/grachev-u/0-49upr/1-1.webp?ts=1759503227" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1813085 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438517" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Тип линзы: рассеивающая</p><p>Фокусное расстояние, $F = -4$ см</p><p>Расстояние от светящейся точки до главной плоскости линзы, $a = 6$ см</p><p>Расстояние от светящейся точки до главной оптической оси, $h = 2$ см</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em></p><p>$F = -0.04$ м</p><p>$a = 0.06$ м</p><p>$h = 0.02$ м</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Расстояние от изображения до линзы, $\text{b}$ - ?</p><p>Расстояние от изображения до главной оптической оси, $h'$ - ?</p><p>Построить изображение.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Задача может быть решена как аналитически (с помощью расчетов), так и графически (с помощью построения).</p><p><em>1. Аналитическое решение:</em></p><p>Для определения положения изображения воспользуемся формулой тонкой линзы:$$ \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{F} $$где $\text{a}$ – расстояние от предмета до линзы, $\text{b}$ – расстояние от изображения до линзы, $\text{F}$ – фокусное расстояние. Для рассеивающей линзы фокусное расстояние является отрицательной величиной.</p><p>Выразим из формулы расстояние от линзы до изображения $\text{b}$:$$ \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{F} - \frac{1}{a} $$Подставим известные значения:$$ \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{-4 \text{ см}} - \frac{1}{6 \text{ см}} = -\frac{3}{12 \text{ см}} - \frac{2}{12 \text{ см}} = -\frac{5}{12 \text{ см}} $$Отсюда:$$ b = -\frac{12}{5} \text{ см} = -2.4 \text{ см} $$Знак «минус» указывает на то, что изображение мнимое и расположено с той же стороны от линзы, что и сама светящаяся точка.</p><p>Теперь найдем высоту изображения $h'$ (расстояние от изображения до главной оптической оси), используя формулу линейного увеличения линзы $ \Gamma $:$$ \Gamma = \frac{h'}{h} = -\frac{b}{a} $$Выразим $h'$:$$ h' = h \cdot \left(-\frac{b}{a}\right) $$Подставим значения:$$ h' = 2 \text{ см} \cdot \left(-\frac{-2.4 \text{ см}}{6 \text{ см}}\right) = 2 \text{ см} \cdot \frac{2.4}{6} = 2 \text{ см} \cdot 0.4 = 0.8 \text{ см} $$Так как $h' > 0$, изображение является прямым (неперевернутым). Так как $|h'| < |h|$, изображение уменьшенное.</p><p><em>2. Графическое построение:</em></p><p>Построение изображения точки S в рассеивающей линзе выполняется с использованием двух стандартных лучей:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Проводим луч из точки S параллельно главной оптической оси до пересечения с плоскостью линзы. После преломления луч пойдет таким образом, что его продолжение в обратную сторону пройдет через передний фокус F линзы (тот, что находится на той же стороне, что и точка S).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Проводим второй луч из точки S через оптический центр линзы O. Этот луч проходит через линзу, не преломляясь.</p><p>Точка S', в которой пересекаются второй луч и продолжение первого преломленного луча, является мнимым изображением точки S.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Изображение светящейся точки является мнимым, прямым, уменьшенным. Оно расположено с той же стороны от линзы, что и сама точка, на расстоянии $2.4$ см от главной плоскости линзы и на расстоянии $0.8$ см от её главной оптической оси.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1813085 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438517" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Тип линзы: рассеивающая</p><p>Фокусное расстояние, $F = -4$ см</p><p>Расстояние от светящейся точки до главной плоскости линзы, $a = 6$ см</p><p>Расстояние от светящейся точки до главной оптической оси, $h = 2$ см</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em></p><p>$F = -0.04$ м</p><p>$a = 0.06$ м</p><p>$h = 0.02$ м</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Расстояние от изображения до линзы, $\text{b}$ - ?</p><p>Расстояние от изображения до главной оптической оси, $h'$ - ?</p><p>Построить изображение.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Задача может быть решена как аналитически (с помощью расчетов), так и графически (с помощью построения).</p><p><em>1. Аналитическое решение:</em></p><p>Для определения положения изображения воспользуемся формулой тонкой линзы:$$ \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{F} $$где $\text{a}$ – расстояние от предмета до линзы, $\text{b}$ – расстояние от изображения до линзы, $\text{F}$ – фокусное расстояние. Для рассеивающей линзы фокусное расстояние является отрицательной величиной.</p><p>Выразим из формулы расстояние от линзы до изображения $\text{b}$:$$ \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{F} - \frac{1}{a} $$Подставим известные значения:$$ \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{-4 \text{ см}} - \frac{1}{6 \text{ см}} = -\frac{3}{12 \text{ см}} - \frac{2}{12 \text{ см}} = -\frac{5}{12 \text{ см}} $$Отсюда:$$ b = -\frac{12}{5} \text{ см} = -2.4 \text{ см} $$Знак «минус» указывает на то, что изображение мнимое и расположено с той же стороны от линзы, что и сама светящаяся точка.</p><p>Теперь найдем высоту изображения $h'$ (расстояние от изображения до главной оптической оси), используя формулу линейного увеличения линзы $ \Gamma $:$$ \Gamma = \frac{h'}{h} = -\frac{b}{a} $$Выразим $h'$:$$ h' = h \cdot \left(-\frac{b}{a}\right) $$Подставим значения:$$ h' = 2 \text{ см} \cdot \left(-\frac{-2.4 \text{ см}}{6 \text{ см}}\right) = 2 \text{ см} \cdot \frac{2.4}{6} = 2 \text{ см} \cdot 0.4 = 0.8 \text{ см} $$Так как $h' > 0$, изображение является прямым (неперевернутым). Так как $|h'| < |h|$, изображение уменьшенное.</p><p><em>2. Графическое построение:</em></p><p>Построение изображения точки S в рассеивающей линзе выполняется с использованием двух стандартных лучей:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Проводим луч из точки S параллельно главной оптической оси до пересечения с плоскостью линзы. После преломления луч пойдет таким образом, что его продолжение в обратную сторону пройдет через передний фокус F линзы (тот, что находится на той же стороне, что и точка S).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Проводим второй луч из точки S через оптический центр линзы O. Этот луч проходит через линзу, не преломляясь.</p><p>Точка S', в которой пересекаются второй луч и продолжение первого преломленного луча, является мнимым изображением точки S.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Изображение светящейся точки является мнимым, прямым, уменьшенным. Оно расположено с той же стороны от линзы, что и сама точка, на расстоянии $2.4$ см от главной плоскости линзы и на расстоянии $0.8$ см от её главной оптической оси.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438518" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1438516" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1437804 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/page-298" "field_display_title" => "298" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "298" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_publication_number" => "2" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображено здание и радуга" "field_publication_year" => "2012" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "580" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/grachev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-360-07412-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1202 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2} "field_country" => 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"id" => 1705800 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437805" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437803" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 #items: array:8 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1186 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ 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13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1301 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438514 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => 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+usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1531 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438516 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49vopr-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1532 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1534 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1535 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1573 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1628 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1645 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438516 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49vopr-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1532 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1534 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1535 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1573 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1628 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1645 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1646 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438517 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49upr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1647 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1649 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1650 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1688 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1743 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1760 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438517 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49upr-1" 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array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1761 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1438518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49upr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1762 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null …14 ] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1876 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1991 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1437804 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/page-298" "field_display_title" => "298" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "298" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437805" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437803" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1438517 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "298" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/grachev-uchebnik/49upr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} 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№1 (с. 298)
Условие. №1 (с. 298)
скриншот условия
1. Постройте изображение светящейся точки, расположенной перед рассеивающей линзой ($F = -4 \text{ см}$) на расстоянии $a = 6 \text{ см}$ от её главной плоскости и на расстоянии $h = 2 \text{ см}$ от её главной оптической оси.
Решение. №1 (с. 298)
Дано:
Тип линзы: рассеивающая
Фокусное расстояние, $F = -4$ см
Расстояние от светящейся точки до главной плоскости линзы, $a = 6$ см
Расстояние от светящейся точки до главной оптической оси, $h = 2$ см
Перевод в систему СИ:
$F = -0.04$ м
$a = 0.06$ м
$h = 0.02$ м
Найти:
Расстояние от изображения до линзы, $\text{b}$ - ?
Расстояние от изображения до главной оптической оси, $h'$ - ?
Построить изображение.
Решение:
Задача может быть решена как аналитически (с помощью расчетов), так и графически (с помощью построения).
1. Аналитическое решение:
Для определения положения изображения воспользуемся формулой тонкой линзы:$$ \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{F} $$где $\text{a}$ – расстояние от предмета до линзы, $\text{b}$ – расстояние от изображения до линзы, $\text{F}$ – фокусное расстояние. Для рассеивающей линзы фокусное расстояние является отрицательной величиной.
Выразим из формулы расстояние от линзы до изображения $\text{b}$:$$ \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{F} - \frac{1}{a} $$Подставим известные значения:$$ \frac{1}{b} = \frac{1}{-4 \text{ см}} - \frac{1}{6 \text{ см}} = -\frac{3}{12 \text{ см}} - \frac{2}{12 \text{ см}} = -\frac{5}{12 \text{ см}} $$Отсюда:$$ b = -\frac{12}{5} \text{ см} = -2.4 \text{ см} $$Знак «минус» указывает на то, что изображение мнимое и расположено с той же стороны от линзы, что и сама светящаяся точка.
Теперь найдем высоту изображения $h'$ (расстояние от изображения до главной оптической оси), используя формулу линейного увеличения линзы $ \Gamma $:$$ \Gamma = \frac{h'}{h} = -\frac{b}{a} $$Выразим $h'$:$$ h' = h \cdot \left(-\frac{b}{a}\right) $$Подставим значения:$$ h' = 2 \text{ см} \cdot \left(-\frac{-2.4 \text{ см}}{6 \text{ см}}\right) = 2 \text{ см} \cdot \frac{2.4}{6} = 2 \text{ см} \cdot 0.4 = 0.8 \text{ см} $$Так как $h' > 0$, изображение является прямым (неперевернутым). Так как $|h'| < |h|$, изображение уменьшенное.
2. Графическое построение:
Построение изображения точки S в рассеивающей линзе выполняется с использованием двух стандартных лучей:
1. Проводим луч из точки S параллельно главной оптической оси до пересечения с плоскостью линзы. После преломления луч пойдет таким образом, что его продолжение в обратную сторону пройдет через передний фокус F линзы (тот, что находится на той же стороне, что и точка S).
2. Проводим второй луч из точки S через оптический центр линзы O. Этот луч проходит через линзу, не преломляясь.
Точка S', в которой пересекаются второй луч и продолжение первого преломленного луча, является мнимым изображением точки S.
Ответ: Изображение светящейся точки является мнимым, прямым, уменьшенным. Оно расположено с той же стороны от линзы, что и сама точка, на расстоянии $2.4$ см от главной плоскости линзы и на расстоянии $0.8$ см от её главной оптической оси.
Другие задания:
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