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Номер 12, страница 217 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Шахмаев, Бунчук
Авторы: Шахмаев Н. М., Бунчук А. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Мнемозина
Год издания: 2007 - 2026
Цвет обложки: голубой
ISBN: 978-5-346-01799-8
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Приложения. Приложение 1. Физика как наука - номер 12, страница 217.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437190 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436849 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Приложения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "211" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1056 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5155 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5155 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6294 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Шахмаев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Михайлович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6294 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Шахмаев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Михайлович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3942 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бунчук" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Алексей" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3942 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бунчук" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Алексей" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1079 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-01799-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759080267" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1085 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 52 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "голубой" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "голубой" "field_creative_case" => "голубым" "field_dative_case" => "голубому" "field_genitive_case" => "голубого" "field_nominative_case" => "голубой" "field_prepositional_case" => "голубом" ] "field_translit" => "goluboy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 52 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "голубой" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "голубой" "field_creative_case" => "голубым" "field_dative_case" => "голубому" "field_genitive_case" => "голубого" "field_nominative_case" => "голубой" "field_prepositional_case" => "голубом" ] "field_translit" => "goluboy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2007" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "362" "field_priority" => null 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#changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1436849 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Приложения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_page_start" => "211" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null 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#dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1436850 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Приложение 1. 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array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1702620 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437190" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>12.</strong> Что такое физический закон?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "12-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "746" "height" => 115 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/0-prilozh1/12-1.webp?ts=1759448891" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1702620 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437190" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>12.</strong> Что такое физический закон?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "12-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "746" "height" => 115 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/shahmaev-u/0-prilozh1/12-1.webp?ts=1759448891" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1732541 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437190" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Физический закон — это фундаментальное утверждение, описывающее устойчивую, повторяющуюся и объективную связь между различными физическими величинами в явлениях природы. Этот закон устанавливается на основе обобщения многочисленных экспериментальных данных и наблюдений. Ключевыми свойствами физического закона являются его <em>объективность</em> (существование независимо от человека), <em>универсальность</em> (применимость в определённых условиях в любой точке пространства и в любое время) и <em>стабильность</em> (неизменность со временем).</p><p>Зачастую физические законы выражаются в виде точных математических уравнений, что позволяет количественно описывать и предсказывать явления. Например, закон всемирного тяготения Ньютона математически записывается как $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$, а закон Ома для участка цепи — как $I = \frac{U}{R}$. Следует отличать физический закон от физической теории: закон констатирует эмпирически установленный факт (отвечает на вопрос «как?»), в то время как теория представляет собой более широкую систему знаний, которая объясняет этот факт и лежащие в его основе механизмы (отвечает на вопрос «почему?»).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Физический закон — это установленная эмпирически и, как правило, математически выраженная устойчивая, повторяющаяся связь между физическими величинами, характеризующая явления природы.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1732541 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437190" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Физический закон — это фундаментальное утверждение, описывающее устойчивую, повторяющуюся и объективную связь между различными физическими величинами в явлениях природы. Этот закон устанавливается на основе обобщения многочисленных экспериментальных данных и наблюдений. Ключевыми свойствами физического закона являются его <em>объективность</em> (существование независимо от человека), <em>универсальность</em> (применимость в определённых условиях в любой точке пространства и в любое время) и <em>стабильность</em> (неизменность со временем).</p><p>Зачастую физические законы выражаются в виде точных математических уравнений, что позволяет количественно описывать и предсказывать явления. Например, закон всемирного тяготения Ньютона математически записывается как $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$, а закон Ома для участка цепи — как $I = \frac{U}{R}$. Следует отличать физический закон от физической теории: закон констатирует эмпирически установленный факт (отвечает на вопрос «как?»), в то время как теория представляет собой более широкую систему знаний, которая объясняет этот факт и лежащие в его основе механизмы (отвечает на вопрос «почему?»).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Физический закон — это установленная эмпирически и, как правило, математически выраженная устойчивая, повторяющаяся связь между физическими величинами, характеризующая явления природы.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437191" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437189" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1056} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1436776 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/page-217" "field_display_title" => "217" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "217" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1056} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1112 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1702852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1702852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436777" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436775" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184 #items: array:10 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1200 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437185 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437186" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437184" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437185 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437186" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437184" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1207 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437186 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437187" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437185" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437186 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437187" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437185" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1219 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437187 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437188" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437186" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437187 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437188" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437186" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1231 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437188 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-10" "field_display_title" => "10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437189" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437187" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437188 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-10" "field_display_title" => "10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437189" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437187" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1243 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437189 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-11" "field_display_title" => "11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437190" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437188" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437189 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-11" "field_display_title" => "11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437190" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437188" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1436776" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1255 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437190 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437191" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1437189" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437190 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1267 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437191 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-13" "field_display_title" => "13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437191 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-13" "field_display_title" => "13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1274 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437192 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-14" "field_display_title" => "14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437192 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-14" "field_display_title" => "14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1286 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437193 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-15" "field_display_title" => "15" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437193 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => 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#hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1298 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1437194 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-16" "field_display_title" => "16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1437194 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/prilozh1-16" "field_display_title" => "16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1436776 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "217" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/shahmaev-uchebnik/page-217" "field_display_title" => "217" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "217" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => 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#dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№12 (с. 217)
Условие. №12 (с. 217)
скриншот условия
12. Что такое физический закон?
Решение. №12 (с. 217)
Физический закон — это фундаментальное утверждение, описывающее устойчивую, повторяющуюся и объективную связь между различными физическими величинами в явлениях природы. Этот закон устанавливается на основе обобщения многочисленных экспериментальных данных и наблюдений. Ключевыми свойствами физического закона являются его объективность (существование независимо от человека), универсальность (применимость в определённых условиях в любой точке пространства и в любое время) и стабильность (неизменность со временем).
Зачастую физические законы выражаются в виде точных математических уравнений, что позволяет количественно описывать и предсказывать явления. Например, закон всемирного тяготения Ньютона математически записывается как $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$, а закон Ома для участка цепи — как $I = \frac{U}{R}$. Следует отличать физический закон от физической теории: закон констатирует эмпирически установленный факт (отвечает на вопрос «как?»), в то время как теория представляет собой более широкую систему знаний, которая объясняет этот факт и лежащие в его основе механизмы (отвечает на вопрос «почему?»).
Ответ: Физический закон — это установленная эмпирически и, как правило, математически выраженная устойчивая, повторяющаяся связь между физическими величинами, характеризующая явления природы.
Другие задания:
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