Номер 22.15, страница 121 - гдз по алгебре 10 класс учебник Абылкасымова, Жумагулова

Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Абылкасымова А. Е., Жумагулова З. А.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Мектеп

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-07-1142-6

Утверждено Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Глава 6. Применение производной. Параграф 22. Наибольшее и наименьшее значения функции на отрезке - номер 22.15, страница 121.

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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6996
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Мектеп"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "mektep"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6996
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Мектеп"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "mektep"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1123
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6997
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Абылкасымова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Алма"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Есимбековна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6997
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Абылкасымова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Алма"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Есимбековна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1124
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6999
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Жумагулова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Зауре"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абдыкеновна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6999
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Жумагулова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Зауре"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абдыкеновна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1127
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1129
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1131
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 10 класса общественно-гуманитарного направления общеобразовательных школ"
                    "field_allowed" => "Утверждено Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "514"
                    "field_priority" => "2"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-07-1142-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752146622"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752146622"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1940"
                        "height" => "2895"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/abylkasymova-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
                      "subject" => 542
                      "class_subject" => 387
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4293
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135}
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 10 класса общественно-гуманитарного направления общеобразовательных школ"
                    "field_allowed" => "Утверждено Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "514"
                    "field_priority" => "2"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-07-1142-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752146622"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752146622"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1940"
                        "height" => "2895"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/abylkasymova-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
                      "subject" => 542
                      "class_subject" => 387
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1113580
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Применение производной"
            "field_branch_order" => "6"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116}
            "field_page_start" => "106"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1143
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1113584
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Наибольшее и наименьшее значения функции на отрезке"
            "field_branch_order" => "22"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1145
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "118"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1115}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1113584
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Наибольшее и наименьшее значения функции на отрезке"
            "field_branch_order" => "22"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
            "field_page_start" => "118"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>22.15. а)</strong> Найдите острые углы прямоугольного треугольника с суммой гипотенузы и одного катета, равной 21, и имеющего наибольшую площадь среди прямоугольных треугольников;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> среди прямоугольных треугольников с гипотенузой, равной $\sqrt{2}$, найдите прямоугольный треугольник с наибольшим периметром.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Пусть в прямоугольном треугольнике катеты равны $a$ и $b$, а гипотенуза равна $c$. Острые углы обозначим как $\alpha$ и $\beta$. По условию, сумма гипотенузы и одного из катетов равна 21. Возьмем катет $a$, тогда $c + a = 21$, откуда $c = 21 - a$.</p><p>Площадь прямоугольного треугольника вычисляется по формуле $S = \frac{1}{2}ab$. Нам нужно найти треугольник с наибольшей площадью.</p><p>По теореме Пифагора $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$. Выразим катет $b$ через $a$:$b^2 = c^2 - a^2 = (21 - a)^2 - a^2 = 441 - 42a + a^2 - a^2 = 441 - 42a$.Следовательно, $b = \sqrt{441 - 42a}$.</p><p>Для существования треугольника необходимо, чтобы длина катета $b$ была положительным действительным числом, то есть $441 - 42a &gt; 0$, что дает $a &lt; \frac{441}{42} = 10.5$. Также гипотенуза должна быть длиннее катета: $c &gt; a \implies 21 - a &gt; a \implies 21 &gt; 2a \implies a &lt; 10.5$.</p><p>Подставим выражение для $b$ в формулу площади, чтобы получить функцию площади от одной переменной $a$:$S(a) = \frac{1}{2} a \sqrt{441 - 42a}$.Чтобы найти максимум этой функции, удобно исследовать на максимум ее квадрат, так как $S(a)>0$ и точка максимума для $S(a)$ и $(S(a))^2$ совпадает.$f(a) = (S(a))^2 = \frac{1}{4} a^2 (441 - 42a) = \frac{1}{4}(441a^2 - 42a^3)$.</p><p>Найдем производную функции $f(a)$ и приравняем ее к нулю для поиска критических точек:$f'(a) = \frac{1}{4}(2 \cdot 441a - 3 \cdot 42a^2) = \frac{1}{4}(882a - 126a^2)$.$f'(a) = 0 \implies 882a - 126a^2 = 0 \implies 126a(7 - a) = 0$.Критические точки: $a = 0$ (не подходит, так как это вырожденный треугольник) и $a = 7$.Точка $a=7$ принадлежит интервалу $(0, 10.5)$. Определим, является ли она точкой максимума, исследовав знак производной. При $a &lt; 7$ производная $f'(a) &gt; 0$ (функция возрастает), а при $a &gt; 7$ производная $f'(a) &lt; 0$ (функция убывает). Следовательно, $a=7$ является точкой максимума.</p><p>Теперь найдем стороны треугольника и его острые углы.Если $a = 7$, то:$c = 21 - a = 21 - 7 = 14$.$b = \sqrt{441 - 42 \cdot 7} = \sqrt{441 - 294} = \sqrt{147} = \sqrt{49 \cdot 3} = 7\sqrt{3}$.Найдем острый угол $\alpha$, противолежащий катету $a$:$\sin(\alpha) = \frac{a}{c} = \frac{7}{14} = \frac{1}{2}$.Значит, $\alpha = 30^\circ$.Второй острый угол $\beta$ равен $90^\circ - \alpha = 90^\circ - 30^\circ = 60^\circ$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $30^\circ$ и $60^\circ$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Пусть катеты прямоугольного треугольника равны $a$ и $b$, а гипотенуза $c = \sqrt{2}$.По теореме Пифагора: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2 = (\sqrt{2})^2 = 2$.Периметр треугольника $P = a + b + c = a + b + \sqrt{2}$.Задача сводится к нахождению максимума суммы катетов $a+b$ при условии $a^2 + b^2 = 2$.</p><p>Воспользуемся тригонометрической подстановкой. Пусть $\theta$ — один из острых углов треугольника, где $\theta \in (0, 90^\circ)$. Тогда катеты можно выразить через гипотенузу и этот угол:$a = c \sin(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta)$$b = c \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \cos(\theta)$Сумма катетов $S(\theta) = a + b = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta) + \sqrt{2} \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2}(\sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta))$.</p><p>Для нахождения максимума функции $S(\theta)$ можно использовать преобразование суммы синуса и косинуса:$\sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$.Тогда сумма катетов $S(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4}) = 2\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$.Эта функция достигает максимального значения, когда $\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$ достигает своего максимума, равного 1.$\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4}) = 1 \implies \theta + \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{\pi}{2} \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$.Таким образом, угол $\theta = 45^\circ$.</p><p>Если один острый угол равен $45^\circ$, то и второй равен $90^\circ - 45^\circ = 45^\circ$. Это означает, что треугольник является равнобедренным.Найдем длины его катетов:$a = c \sin(45^\circ) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1$.$b = c \cos(45^\circ) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1$.Следовательно, искомый треугольник — это равнобедренный прямоугольный треугольник с катетами, равными 1.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> прямоугольный треугольник с катетами, равными 1, и гипотенузой $\sqrt{2}$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Пусть в прямоугольном треугольнике катеты равны $a$ и $b$, а гипотенуза равна $c$. Острые углы обозначим как $\alpha$ и $\beta$. По условию, сумма гипотенузы и одного из катетов равна 21. Возьмем катет $a$, тогда $c + a = 21$, откуда $c = 21 - a$.</p><p>Площадь прямоугольного треугольника вычисляется по формуле $S = \frac{1}{2}ab$. Нам нужно найти треугольник с наибольшей площадью.</p><p>По теореме Пифагора $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$. Выразим катет $b$ через $a$:$b^2 = c^2 - a^2 = (21 - a)^2 - a^2 = 441 - 42a + a^2 - a^2 = 441 - 42a$.Следовательно, $b = \sqrt{441 - 42a}$.</p><p>Для существования треугольника необходимо, чтобы длина катета $b$ была положительным действительным числом, то есть $441 - 42a &gt; 0$, что дает $a &lt; \frac{441}{42} = 10.5$. Также гипотенуза должна быть длиннее катета: $c &gt; a \implies 21 - a &gt; a \implies 21 &gt; 2a \implies a &lt; 10.5$.</p><p>Подставим выражение для $b$ в формулу площади, чтобы получить функцию площади от одной переменной $a$:$S(a) = \frac{1}{2} a \sqrt{441 - 42a}$.Чтобы найти максимум этой функции, удобно исследовать на максимум ее квадрат, так как $S(a)>0$ и точка максимума для $S(a)$ и $(S(a))^2$ совпадает.$f(a) = (S(a))^2 = \frac{1}{4} a^2 (441 - 42a) = \frac{1}{4}(441a^2 - 42a^3)$.</p><p>Найдем производную функции $f(a)$ и приравняем ее к нулю для поиска критических точек:$f'(a) = \frac{1}{4}(2 \cdot 441a - 3 \cdot 42a^2) = \frac{1}{4}(882a - 126a^2)$.$f'(a) = 0 \implies 882a - 126a^2 = 0 \implies 126a(7 - a) = 0$.Критические точки: $a = 0$ (не подходит, так как это вырожденный треугольник) и $a = 7$.Точка $a=7$ принадлежит интервалу $(0, 10.5)$. Определим, является ли она точкой максимума, исследовав знак производной. При $a &lt; 7$ производная $f'(a) &gt; 0$ (функция возрастает), а при $a &gt; 7$ производная $f'(a) &lt; 0$ (функция убывает). Следовательно, $a=7$ является точкой максимума.</p><p>Теперь найдем стороны треугольника и его острые углы.Если $a = 7$, то:$c = 21 - a = 21 - 7 = 14$.$b = \sqrt{441 - 42 \cdot 7} = \sqrt{441 - 294} = \sqrt{147} = \sqrt{49 \cdot 3} = 7\sqrt{3}$.Найдем острый угол $\alpha$, противолежащий катету $a$:$\sin(\alpha) = \frac{a}{c} = \frac{7}{14} = \frac{1}{2}$.Значит, $\alpha = 30^\circ$.Второй острый угол $\beta$ равен $90^\circ - \alpha = 90^\circ - 30^\circ = 60^\circ$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $30^\circ$ и $60^\circ$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Пусть катеты прямоугольного треугольника равны $a$ и $b$, а гипотенуза $c = \sqrt{2}$.По теореме Пифагора: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2 = (\sqrt{2})^2 = 2$.Периметр треугольника $P = a + b + c = a + b + \sqrt{2}$.Задача сводится к нахождению максимума суммы катетов $a+b$ при условии $a^2 + b^2 = 2$.</p><p>Воспользуемся тригонометрической подстановкой. Пусть $\theta$ — один из острых углов треугольника, где $\theta \in (0, 90^\circ)$. Тогда катеты можно выразить через гипотенузу и этот угол:$a = c \sin(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta)$$b = c \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \cos(\theta)$Сумма катетов $S(\theta) = a + b = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta) + \sqrt{2} \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2}(\sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta))$.</p><p>Для нахождения максимума функции $S(\theta)$ можно использовать преобразование суммы синуса и косинуса:$\sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$.Тогда сумма катетов $S(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4}) = 2\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$.Эта функция достигает максимального значения, когда $\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$ достигает своего максимума, равного 1.$\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4}) = 1 \implies \theta + \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{\pi}{2} \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$.Таким образом, угол $\theta = 45^\circ$.</p><p>Если один острый угол равен $45^\circ$, то и второй равен $90^\circ - 45^\circ = 45^\circ$. Это означает, что треугольник является равнобедренным.Найдем длины его катетов:$a = c \sin(45^\circ) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1$.$b = c \cos(45^\circ) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1$.Следовательно, искомый треугольник — это равнобедренный прямоугольный треугольник с катетами, равными 1.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> прямоугольный треугольник с катетами, равными 1, и гипотенузой $\sqrt{2}$.</p>"
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№22.15 (с. 121)
Условие. №22.15 (с. 121)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019, страница 121, номер 22.15, Условие

22.15. а) Найдите острые углы прямоугольного треугольника с суммой гипотенузы и одного катета, равной 21, и имеющего наибольшую площадь среди прямоугольных треугольников;

б) среди прямоугольных треугольников с гипотенузой, равной $\sqrt{2}$, найдите прямоугольный треугольник с наибольшим периметром.

Решение. №22.15 (с. 121)
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019, страница 121, номер 22.15, Решение
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019, страница 121, номер 22.15, Решение (продолжение 2)
Решение 2. №22.15 (с. 121)

а)

Пусть в прямоугольном треугольнике катеты равны $a$ и $b$, а гипотенуза равна $c$. Острые углы обозначим как $\alpha$ и $\beta$. По условию, сумма гипотенузы и одного из катетов равна 21. Возьмем катет $a$, тогда $c + a = 21$, откуда $c = 21 - a$.

Площадь прямоугольного треугольника вычисляется по формуле $S = \frac{1}{2}ab$. Нам нужно найти треугольник с наибольшей площадью.

По теореме Пифагора $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$. Выразим катет $b$ через $a$:$b^2 = c^2 - a^2 = (21 - a)^2 - a^2 = 441 - 42a + a^2 - a^2 = 441 - 42a$.Следовательно, $b = \sqrt{441 - 42a}$.

Для существования треугольника необходимо, чтобы длина катета $b$ была положительным действительным числом, то есть $441 - 42a > 0$, что дает $a < \frac{441}{42} = 10.5$. Также гипотенуза должна быть длиннее катета: $c > a \implies 21 - a > a \implies 21 > 2a \implies a < 10.5$.

Подставим выражение для $b$ в формулу площади, чтобы получить функцию площади от одной переменной $a$:$S(a) = \frac{1}{2} a \sqrt{441 - 42a}$.Чтобы найти максимум этой функции, удобно исследовать на максимум ее квадрат, так как $S(a)>0$ и точка максимума для $S(a)$ и $(S(a))^2$ совпадает.$f(a) = (S(a))^2 = \frac{1}{4} a^2 (441 - 42a) = \frac{1}{4}(441a^2 - 42a^3)$.

Найдем производную функции $f(a)$ и приравняем ее к нулю для поиска критических точек:$f'(a) = \frac{1}{4}(2 \cdot 441a - 3 \cdot 42a^2) = \frac{1}{4}(882a - 126a^2)$.$f'(a) = 0 \implies 882a - 126a^2 = 0 \implies 126a(7 - a) = 0$.Критические точки: $a = 0$ (не подходит, так как это вырожденный треугольник) и $a = 7$.Точка $a=7$ принадлежит интервалу $(0, 10.5)$. Определим, является ли она точкой максимума, исследовав знак производной. При $a < 7$ производная $f'(a) > 0$ (функция возрастает), а при $a > 7$ производная $f'(a) < 0$ (функция убывает). Следовательно, $a=7$ является точкой максимума.

Теперь найдем стороны треугольника и его острые углы.Если $a = 7$, то:$c = 21 - a = 21 - 7 = 14$.$b = \sqrt{441 - 42 \cdot 7} = \sqrt{441 - 294} = \sqrt{147} = \sqrt{49 \cdot 3} = 7\sqrt{3}$.Найдем острый угол $\alpha$, противолежащий катету $a$:$\sin(\alpha) = \frac{a}{c} = \frac{7}{14} = \frac{1}{2}$.Значит, $\alpha = 30^\circ$.Второй острый угол $\beta$ равен $90^\circ - \alpha = 90^\circ - 30^\circ = 60^\circ$.

Ответ: $30^\circ$ и $60^\circ$.

б)

Пусть катеты прямоугольного треугольника равны $a$ и $b$, а гипотенуза $c = \sqrt{2}$.По теореме Пифагора: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2 = (\sqrt{2})^2 = 2$.Периметр треугольника $P = a + b + c = a + b + \sqrt{2}$.Задача сводится к нахождению максимума суммы катетов $a+b$ при условии $a^2 + b^2 = 2$.

Воспользуемся тригонометрической подстановкой. Пусть $\theta$ — один из острых углов треугольника, где $\theta \in (0, 90^\circ)$. Тогда катеты можно выразить через гипотенузу и этот угол:$a = c \sin(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta)$$b = c \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \cos(\theta)$Сумма катетов $S(\theta) = a + b = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta) + \sqrt{2} \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2}(\sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta))$.

Для нахождения максимума функции $S(\theta)$ можно использовать преобразование суммы синуса и косинуса:$\sin(\theta) + \cos(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$.Тогда сумма катетов $S(\theta) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} \sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4}) = 2\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$.Эта функция достигает максимального значения, когда $\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4})$ достигает своего максимума, равного 1.$\sin(\theta + \frac{\pi}{4}) = 1 \implies \theta + \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{\pi}{2} \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$.Таким образом, угол $\theta = 45^\circ$.

Если один острый угол равен $45^\circ$, то и второй равен $90^\circ - 45^\circ = 45^\circ$. Это означает, что треугольник является равнобедренным.Найдем длины его катетов:$a = c \sin(45^\circ) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1$.$b = c \cos(45^\circ) = \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} = 1$.Следовательно, искомый треугольник — это равнобедренный прямоугольный треугольник с катетами, равными 1.

Ответ: прямоугольный треугольник с катетами, равными 1, и гипотенузой $\sqrt{2}$.

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