gdz.top
Номер 3.18, страница 16 - гдз по физике 8 класс задачник Артеменков, Ломаченков
Авторы: Артеменков Д. А., Ломаченков И. А., Панебратцев Ю. А.
Тип: Задачник
Серия: сферы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2010 - 2026
Цвет обложки: фиолетовый
ISBN: 978-5-09-046040-8
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
III. Тепловые двигатели - номер 3.18, страница 16.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-18" "field_display_title" => "3.18" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460046 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Тепловые двигатели" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3745 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Артеменков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Денис" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3745 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Артеменков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Денис" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "задачник" "field_creative_case" => "задачником" "field_dative_case" => "задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "zadachnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "задачник" "field_creative_case" => "задачником" "field_dative_case" => "задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "zadachnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4795 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "сферы" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "sfery" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4795 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "сферы" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "sfery" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1042} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 48 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "фиолетовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "fioletovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 48 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "фиолетовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "fioletovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460046 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Тепловые двигатели" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1753639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6390 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6390 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460141" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.18</strong> На сколько градусов можно нагреть воду объёмом 10 л, используя всю теплоту, выделенную при сгорании керосина, масса которого 21 г?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "18-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1761" "height" => 269 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-03/18-1.webp?ts=1760701723" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1753639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460141" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.18</strong> На сколько градусов можно нагреть воду объёмом 10 л, используя всю теплоту, выделенную при сгорании керосина, масса которого 21 г?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "18-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1761" "height" => 269 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-03/18-1.webp?ts=1760701723" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1821746 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6688 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6688 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460141" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$V_в = 10 \text{ л}$</p><p>$m_к = 21 \text{ г}$</p><p><br><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$V_в = 10 \text{ л} = 10 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м}^3 = 0.01 \text{ м}^3$<br>$m_к = 21 \text{ г} = 21 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ кг} = 0.021 \text{ кг}$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$\Delta t - ?$</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>По условию задачи, вся теплота, выделившаяся при сгорании керосина, идет на нагревание воды. Запишем уравнение теплового баланса:</p><p>$Q_к = Q_в$</p><p>Количество теплоты, выделившееся при сгорании керосина ($Q_к$), вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$Q_к = q_к \cdot m_к$</p><p>где $q_к$ — удельная теплота сгорания керосина, справочная величина, равная $4.6 \cdot 10^7 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}}$.</p><p>Количество теплоты, необходимое для нагревания воды ($Q_в$), вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$Q_в = c_в \cdot m_в \cdot \Delta t$</p><p>где $c_в$ — удельная теплоемкость воды ($4200 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot \text{°C}}$), $m_в$ — масса воды, $\Delta t$ — изменение температуры воды.</p><p>Массу воды найдем через ее объем и плотность ($\rho_в = 1000 \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3}$):</p><p>$m_в = \rho_в \cdot V_в = 1000 \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} \cdot 0.01 \text{ м}^3 = 10 \text{ кг}$</p><p>Приравняем количество теплоты от сгорания керосина и количество теплоты, поглощенное водой:</p><p>$q_к \cdot m_к = c_в \cdot m_в \cdot \Delta t$</p><p>Выразим из этого уравнения искомое изменение температуры $\Delta t$:</p><p>$\Delta t = \frac{q_к \cdot m_к}{c_в \cdot m_в}$</p><p>Подставим числовые значения:</p><p>$\Delta t = \frac{4.6 \cdot 10^7 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}} \cdot 0.021 \text{ кг}}{4200 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot \text{°C}} \cdot 10 \text{ кг}} = \frac{966000 \text{ Дж}}{42000 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{°C}}} = 23 \text{ °C}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> воду можно нагреть на 23 °C.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1821746 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460141" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$V_в = 10 \text{ л}$</p><p>$m_к = 21 \text{ г}$</p><p><br><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$V_в = 10 \text{ л} = 10 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м}^3 = 0.01 \text{ м}^3$<br>$m_к = 21 \text{ г} = 21 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ кг} = 0.021 \text{ кг}$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$\Delta t - ?$</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>По условию задачи, вся теплота, выделившаяся при сгорании керосина, идет на нагревание воды. Запишем уравнение теплового баланса:</p><p>$Q_к = Q_в$</p><p>Количество теплоты, выделившееся при сгорании керосина ($Q_к$), вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$Q_к = q_к \cdot m_к$</p><p>где $q_к$ — удельная теплота сгорания керосина, справочная величина, равная $4.6 \cdot 10^7 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}}$.</p><p>Количество теплоты, необходимое для нагревания воды ($Q_в$), вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$Q_в = c_в \cdot m_в \cdot \Delta t$</p><p>где $c_в$ — удельная теплоемкость воды ($4200 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot \text{°C}}$), $m_в$ — масса воды, $\Delta t$ — изменение температуры воды.</p><p>Массу воды найдем через ее объем и плотность ($\rho_в = 1000 \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3}$):</p><p>$m_в = \rho_в \cdot V_в = 1000 \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} \cdot 0.01 \text{ м}^3 = 10 \text{ кг}$</p><p>Приравняем количество теплоты от сгорания керосина и количество теплоты, поглощенное водой:</p><p>$q_к \cdot m_к = c_в \cdot m_в \cdot \Delta t$</p><p>Выразим из этого уравнения искомое изменение температуры $\Delta t$:</p><p>$\Delta t = \frac{q_к \cdot m_к}{c_в \cdot m_в}$</p><p>Подставим числовые значения:</p><p>$\Delta t = \frac{4.6 \cdot 10^7 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}} \cdot 0.021 \text{ кг}}{4200 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot \text{°C}} \cdot 10 \text{ кг}} = \frac{966000 \text{ Дж}}{42000 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{°C}}} = 23 \text{ °C}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> воду можно нагреть на 23 °C.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460142" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460140" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1462313 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/page-16" "field_display_title" => "16" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "16" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1753874 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462313" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1753874 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462313" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462314" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462312" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1605 #items: array:11 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1623 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460135 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-12" "field_display_title" => "3.12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1627 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1626 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1663 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1661 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1679 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1681 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460135 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-12" "field_display_title" => "3.12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1627 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1626 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1663 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1661 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1679 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1681 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1680 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460136 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-13" "field_display_title" => "3.13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1682 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1683 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1684 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1685 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1702 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1704 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460136 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-13" "field_display_title" => "3.13" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1682 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1683 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1684 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1685 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1702 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1704 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1703 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460137 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-14" "field_display_title" => "3.14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1705 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1706 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1707 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1708 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1725 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1727 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460137 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-14" "field_display_title" => "3.14" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1705 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1706 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1707 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1708 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1725 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1727 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1726 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-15" "field_display_title" => "3.15" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1728 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1729 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1730 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1731 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1748 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1750 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-15" "field_display_title" => "3.15" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1728 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1729 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1730 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1731 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1748 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1750 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1749 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460139 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-16" "field_display_title" => "3.16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1751 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1752 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1753 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1754 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1771 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1773 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460139 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-16" "field_display_title" => "3.16" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1751 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1752 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1753 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1754 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1771 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1773 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1772 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460140 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-17" "field_display_title" => "3.17" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1774 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1775 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1776 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1777 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1794 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1796 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460140 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-17" "field_display_title" => "3.17" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1774 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1775 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1776 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1777 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1794 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1796 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1795 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-18" "field_display_title" => "3.18" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1797 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1798 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1799 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1800 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1817 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1819 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-18" "field_display_title" => "3.18" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1797 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1798 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1799 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1800 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1817 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1819 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1818 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460142 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-19" "field_display_title" => "3.19" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1820 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1821 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1822 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1823 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1840 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1842 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460142 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-19" "field_display_title" => "3.19" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1820 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1821 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1822 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1823 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1840 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1842 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1841 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460143 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-20" "field_display_title" => "3.20" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1843 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1844 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1845 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1846 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1848 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1854 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460143 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-20" "field_display_title" => "3.20" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1843 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1844 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1845 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1846 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1848 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1854 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1849 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460144 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-21" "field_display_title" => "3.21" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1847 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1856 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1852 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1850 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1851 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1872 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460144 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-21" "field_display_title" => "3.21" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1847 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1856 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1852 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1850 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1851 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1872 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1866 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460145 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => "17" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-22" "field_display_title" => "3.22" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1853 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1874 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1870 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1867 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1869 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1884 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460145 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => "17" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-22" "field_display_title" => "3.22" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1853 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1874 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1870 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1867 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1869 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1884 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1462313 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/page-16" "field_display_title" => "16" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "16" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462314" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462312" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1605} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "16" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/03-18" "field_display_title" => "3.18" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460142" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460140" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462313" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№3.18 (с. 16)
Условие. №3.18 (с. 16)
скриншот условия
3.18 На сколько градусов можно нагреть воду объёмом 10 л, используя всю теплоту, выделенную при сгорании керосина, масса которого 21 г?
Решение. №3.18 (с. 16)
Дано:
$V_в = 10 \text{ л}$
$m_к = 21 \text{ г}$
Перевод в систему СИ:
$V_в = 10 \text{ л} = 10 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м}^3 = 0.01 \text{ м}^3$
$m_к = 21 \text{ г} = 21 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ кг} = 0.021 \text{ кг}$
Найти:
$\Delta t - ?$
Решение:
По условию задачи, вся теплота, выделившаяся при сгорании керосина, идет на нагревание воды. Запишем уравнение теплового баланса:
$Q_к = Q_в$
Количество теплоты, выделившееся при сгорании керосина ($Q_к$), вычисляется по формуле:
$Q_к = q_к \cdot m_к$
где $q_к$ — удельная теплота сгорания керосина, справочная величина, равная $4.6 \cdot 10^7 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}}$.
Количество теплоты, необходимое для нагревания воды ($Q_в$), вычисляется по формуле:
$Q_в = c_в \cdot m_в \cdot \Delta t$
где $c_в$ — удельная теплоемкость воды ($4200 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot \text{°C}}$), $m_в$ — масса воды, $\Delta t$ — изменение температуры воды.
Массу воды найдем через ее объем и плотность ($\rho_в = 1000 \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3}$):
$m_в = \rho_в \cdot V_в = 1000 \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} \cdot 0.01 \text{ м}^3 = 10 \text{ кг}$
Приравняем количество теплоты от сгорания керосина и количество теплоты, поглощенное водой:
$q_к \cdot m_к = c_в \cdot m_в \cdot \Delta t$
Выразим из этого уравнения искомое изменение температуры $\Delta t$:
$\Delta t = \frac{q_к \cdot m_к}{c_в \cdot m_в}$
Подставим числовые значения:
$\Delta t = \frac{4.6 \cdot 10^7 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}} \cdot 0.021 \text{ кг}}{4200 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot \text{°C}} \cdot 10 \text{ кг}} = \frac{966000 \text{ Дж}}{42000 \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{°C}}} = 23 \text{ °C}$
Ответ: воду можно нагреть на 23 °C.
Другие задания:
Помогло решение? Оставьте отзыв в комментариях ниже.
Присоединяйтесь к Телеграм-группе @top_gdz
ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по физике за 8 класс, для упражнения номер 3.18 расположенного на странице 16 к задачнику серии сферы 2010 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по физике к упражнению №3.18 (с. 16), авторов: Артеменков (Денис Александрович), Ломаченков (Иван Алексеевич), Панебратцев (Юрий Анатольевич), учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.