gdz.top
Номер 2, страница 110 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Пёрышкин
Авторы: Пёрышкин И. М.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый с градусником
ISBN: 978-5-09-102555-2
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 2. Электрические явления. Параграф 29. Закон Кулона. Электрическое поле. Вопросы после параграфа - номер 2, страница 110.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599091 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "110" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/29-1-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598669 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон Кулона. Электрическое поле" "field_branch_order" => "29" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "106" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598669 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон Кулона. Электрическое поле" "field_branch_order" => "29" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_page_start" => "106" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598670 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы после параграфа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "110" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1169 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598669 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон Кулона. Электрическое поле" "field_branch_order" => "29" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_page_start" => "106" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598669 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Закон Кулона. Электрическое поле" "field_branch_order" => "29" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_page_start" => "106" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598670 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы после параграфа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_page_start" => "110" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1180 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 745630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1182 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} …5 ] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p> <b>2</b>. Что называют точечным зарядом? </p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "711" "height" => 89 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-29-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738080916" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 745630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p> <b>2</b>. Что называют точечным зарядом? </p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "711" "height" => 89 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-29-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738080916" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1188 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 745782 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1190 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2030" "height" => 357 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-29-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738080953" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 745782 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2030" "height" => 357 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-29-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738080953" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1196 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 747115 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1198 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "796" "height" => 115 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-29-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738081063" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 747115 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "796" "height" => 115 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-29-1/2-1.webp?ts=1738081063" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1204 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1466896 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1206 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Как передается взаимодействие между заряженными телами?</p><p>Взаимодействие между заряженными телами, находящимися на расстоянии друг от друга, передаётся посредством особого вида материи — электрического поля. Согласно теории близкодействия, каждый электрический заряд создаёт в окружающем его пространстве электрическое поле. Это поле непрерывно распределено в пространстве и обладает энергией. Когда в это поле помещается другой заряд, поле действует на него с определенной силой. Таким образом, взаимодействие происходит не мгновенно и не напрямую между телами, а через посредника — поле. Этот механизм объясняет, как действие передаётся без соприкосновения заряженных тел.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Взаимодействие между заряженными телами передается через электрическое поле, которое создается каждым из зарядов в окружающем пространстве и действует на другие заряды.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Что называют точечным зарядом?</p><p>Точечный заряд — это физическая модель, используемая для упрощения описания электростатического взаимодействия. Точечным зарядом называют такое заряженное тело, размерами и формой которого можно пренебречь в условиях данной задачи. Это допущение является корректным, когда расстояние от этого тела до других зарядов или до точек наблюдения значительно превышает его собственные линейные размеры. В этой модели считается, что весь заряд тела сосредоточен в одной геометрической точке.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Точечным зарядом называют заряженное тело, размеры которого пренебрежимо малы по сравнению с расстояниями до других тел, с которыми оно взаимодействует.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Сформулируйте закон Кулона.</p><p>Закон Кулона — это фундаментальный закон электростатики, определяющий силу взаимодействия между двумя неподвижными точечными зарядами. Закон формулируется следующим образом: сила электростатического взаимодействия между двумя точечными зарядами в вакууме прямо пропорциональна произведению модулей этих зарядов и обратно пропорциональна квадрату расстояния между ними. Сила направлена вдоль прямой, соединяющей центры зарядов. Одноименные заряды отталкиваются, а разноименные — притягиваются.</p><p>В математической форме закон Кулона записывается так:</p><p>$F = k \frac{|q_1| \cdot |q_2|}{r^2}$</p><p>В этой формуле $F$ — модуль силы взаимодействия (сила Кулона); $q_1$ и $q_2$ — величины взаимодействующих точечных зарядов; $r$ — расстояние между зарядами; $k$ — коэффициент пропорциональности, который в Международной системе единиц (СИ) для вакуума равен $k \approx 9 \cdot 10^9 \frac{\text{Н} \cdot \text{м}^2}{\text{Кл}^2}$. Этот коэффициент также связан с электрической постоянной $\epsilon_0$ соотношением $k = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Сила взаимодействия $F$ двух неподвижных точечных зарядов $q_1$ и $q_2$, находящихся в вакууме на расстоянии $r$ друг от друга, определяется формулой $F = k \frac{|q_1| \cdot |q_2|}{r^2}$, где $k$ — постоянная Кулона. Сила прямо пропорциональна произведению модулей зарядов и обратно пропорциональна квадрату расстояния между ними.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1466896 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599091" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Как передается взаимодействие между заряженными телами?</p><p>Взаимодействие между заряженными телами, находящимися на расстоянии друг от друга, передаётся посредством особого вида материи — электрического поля. Согласно теории близкодействия, каждый электрический заряд создаёт в окружающем его пространстве электрическое поле. Это поле непрерывно распределено в пространстве и обладает энергией. Когда в это поле помещается другой заряд, поле действует на него с определенной силой. Таким образом, взаимодействие происходит не мгновенно и не напрямую между телами, а через посредника — поле. Этот механизм объясняет, как действие передаётся без соприкосновения заряженных тел.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Взаимодействие между заряженными телами передается через электрическое поле, которое создается каждым из зарядов в окружающем пространстве и действует на другие заряды.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Что называют точечным зарядом?</p><p>Точечный заряд — это физическая модель, используемая для упрощения описания электростатического взаимодействия. Точечным зарядом называют такое заряженное тело, размерами и формой которого можно пренебречь в условиях данной задачи. Это допущение является корректным, когда расстояние от этого тела до других зарядов или до точек наблюдения значительно превышает его собственные линейные размеры. В этой модели считается, что весь заряд тела сосредоточен в одной геометрической точке.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Точечным зарядом называют заряженное тело, размеры которого пренебрежимо малы по сравнению с расстояниями до других тел, с которыми оно взаимодействует.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Сформулируйте закон Кулона.</p><p>Закон Кулона — это фундаментальный закон электростатики, определяющий силу взаимодействия между двумя неподвижными точечными зарядами. Закон формулируется следующим образом: сила электростатического взаимодействия между двумя точечными зарядами в вакууме прямо пропорциональна произведению модулей этих зарядов и обратно пропорциональна квадрату расстояния между ними. Сила направлена вдоль прямой, соединяющей центры зарядов. Одноименные заряды отталкиваются, а разноименные — притягиваются.</p><p>В математической форме закон Кулона записывается так:</p><p>$F = k \frac{|q_1| \cdot |q_2|}{r^2}$</p><p>В этой формуле $F$ — модуль силы взаимодействия (сила Кулона); $q_1$ и $q_2$ — величины взаимодействующих точечных зарядов; $r$ — расстояние между зарядами; $k$ — коэффициент пропорциональности, который в Международной системе единиц (СИ) для вакуума равен $k \approx 9 \cdot 10^9 \frac{\text{Н} \cdot \text{м}^2}{\text{Кл}^2}$. Этот коэффициент также связан с электрической постоянной $\epsilon_0$ соотношением $k = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Сила взаимодействия $F$ двух неподвижных точечных зарядов $q_1$ и $q_2$, находящихся в вакууме на расстоянии $r$ друг от друга, определяется формулой $F = k \frac{|q_1| \cdot |q_2|}{r^2}$, где $k$ — постоянная Кулона. Сила прямо пропорциональна произведению модулей зарядов и обратно пропорциональна квадрату расстояния между ними.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599092" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599090" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1213 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1215 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1219 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1221 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1224 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1226 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1228 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1232 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1234 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1236 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1242 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1947 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1246 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 991474 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "110" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-110" "field_display_title" => "110" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "110" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1251 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ …50] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1283 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991475" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991473" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 #items: array:13 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1292 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1494 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1527 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1542 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1565 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1580 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1597 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1612 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1627 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1688 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1703 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 11 => App\Models\Task {#1867 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 12 => App\Models\Task {#1906 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 991474 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "110" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-110" "field_display_title" => "110" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "110" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991475" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991473" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599091 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "110" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/29-1-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599092" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599090" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991474" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2 (с. 110)
Условие. №2 (с. 110)
скриншот условия
2. Что называют точечным зарядом?
Решение 1. №2 (с. 110)
Решение 3. №2 (с. 110)
Решение 4. №2 (с. 110)
1. Как передается взаимодействие между заряженными телами?
Взаимодействие между заряженными телами, находящимися на расстоянии друг от друга, передаётся посредством особого вида материи — электрического поля. Согласно теории близкодействия, каждый электрический заряд создаёт в окружающем его пространстве электрическое поле. Это поле непрерывно распределено в пространстве и обладает энергией. Когда в это поле помещается другой заряд, поле действует на него с определенной силой. Таким образом, взаимодействие происходит не мгновенно и не напрямую между телами, а через посредника — поле. Этот механизм объясняет, как действие передаётся без соприкосновения заряженных тел.
Ответ: Взаимодействие между заряженными телами передается через электрическое поле, которое создается каждым из зарядов в окружающем пространстве и действует на другие заряды.
2. Что называют точечным зарядом?
Точечный заряд — это физическая модель, используемая для упрощения описания электростатического взаимодействия. Точечным зарядом называют такое заряженное тело, размерами и формой которого можно пренебречь в условиях данной задачи. Это допущение является корректным, когда расстояние от этого тела до других зарядов или до точек наблюдения значительно превышает его собственные линейные размеры. В этой модели считается, что весь заряд тела сосредоточен в одной геометрической точке.
Ответ: Точечным зарядом называют заряженное тело, размеры которого пренебрежимо малы по сравнению с расстояниями до других тел, с которыми оно взаимодействует.
3. Сформулируйте закон Кулона.
Закон Кулона — это фундаментальный закон электростатики, определяющий силу взаимодействия между двумя неподвижными точечными зарядами. Закон формулируется следующим образом: сила электростатического взаимодействия между двумя точечными зарядами в вакууме прямо пропорциональна произведению модулей этих зарядов и обратно пропорциональна квадрату расстояния между ними. Сила направлена вдоль прямой, соединяющей центры зарядов. Одноименные заряды отталкиваются, а разноименные — притягиваются.
В математической форме закон Кулона записывается так:
$F = k \frac{|q_1| \cdot |q_2|}{r^2}$
В этой формуле $F$ — модуль силы взаимодействия (сила Кулона); $q_1$ и $q_2$ — величины взаимодействующих точечных зарядов; $r$ — расстояние между зарядами; $k$ — коэффициент пропорциональности, который в Международной системе единиц (СИ) для вакуума равен $k \approx 9 \cdot 10^9 \frac{\text{Н} \cdot \text{м}^2}{\text{Кл}^2}$. Этот коэффициент также связан с электрической постоянной $\epsilon_0$ соотношением $k = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}$.
Ответ: Сила взаимодействия $F$ двух неподвижных точечных зарядов $q_1$ и $q_2$, находящихся в вакууме на расстоянии $r$ друг от друга, определяется формулой $F = k \frac{|q_1| \cdot |q_2|}{r^2}$, где $k$ — постоянная Кулона. Сила прямо пропорциональна произведению модулей зарядов и обратно пропорциональна квадрату расстояния между ними.
Другие задания:
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