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Номер 2.89, страница 72 - гдз по геометрии 8 класс учебник Шыныбеков, Шыныбеков
Авторы: Шыныбеков А. Н., Шыныбеков Д. А., Жумабаев Р. Н.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Атамұра
Год издания: 2018 - 2026
ISBN: 978-601-331-161-6
Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Раздел 2. Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника. 2.3. Решение прямоугольных треугольников - номер 2.89, страница 72.
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"updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1122381 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 30 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Раздел" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 30 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Раздел" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } 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Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => 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…2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2592 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1122381 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "52" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1122381 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 30 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Раздел" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 30 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Раздел" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "52" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 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{#1096 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2592 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_author_foreign" => 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"field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1122381 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_page_start" => "52" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1122384 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "2.3. Решение прямоугольных треугольников" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "67" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2592 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2592 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1136 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1122381 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_page_start" => "52" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1122381 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Соотношения между сторонами и углами прямоугольного треугольника" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_page_start" => "52" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1122384 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "2.3. Решение прямоугольных треугольников" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "field_page_start" => "67" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1182 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1305200 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1183 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5006 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Учебник rus" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0rus-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5006 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Учебник rus" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0rus-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.89.</strong> Постройте прямоугольный треугольник по гипотенузе и сумме катетов.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "89-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1316" "height" => 190 "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/0rus-2/89-1.webp?ts=1753776412" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1305200 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.89.</strong> Постройте прямоугольный треугольник по гипотенузе и сумме катетов.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "89-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1316" "height" => 190 "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/0rus-2/89-1.webp?ts=1753776412" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1189 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1305548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1190 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Учебник kz" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0kz-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Учебник kz" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0kz-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "89-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1763" "height" => 207 "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/0kz-2/89-1.webp?ts=1753776461" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1305548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "89-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1763" "height" => 207 "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/0kz-2/89-1.webp?ts=1753776461" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1197 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1306159 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1198 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5008 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5008 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} …1 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "89-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "928" "height" => 497 "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/1-2/89-1.webp?ts=1753776518" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1306159 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "89-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "928" "height" => 497 "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/1-2/89-1.webp?ts=1753776518" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1205 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1480992 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1206 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Анализ:</strong></p><p>Предположим, что искомый прямоугольный треугольник $ABC$ с прямым углом $C$ построен. Пусть его катеты $AC=a$, $BC=b$ и гипотенуза $AB=c$. По условию нам даны длина гипотенузы $c$ и сумма длин катетов $s = a+b$.</p><p>Для того чтобы использовать сумму катетов $s$, отложим на продолжении катета $AC$ за точку $C$ отрезок $CD$, равный катету $BC$. Тогда длина отрезка $AD$ будет равна $AC + CD = AC + BC = a+b = s$.</p><p>Рассмотрим треугольник $BCD$. Так как по построению $BC = CD$ и $BC \perp AD$ (поскольку $∠ACB = 90°$), то треугольник $BCD$ является равнобедренным прямоугольным треугольником. Углы при основании $BD$ в таком треугольнике равны по $45°$. В частности, $∠CDB = 45°$.</p><p>Теперь рассмотрим вспомогательный треугольник $ABD$. В этом треугольнике нам известны длины двух сторон: $AB = c$ (данная гипотенуза) и $AD = s$ (данная сумма катетов). Также нам известен угол, противолежащий стороне $AB$: $∠ADB = 45°$.</p><p>Треугольник $ABD$ можно построить по двум сторонам и углу, лежащему напротив одной из них. После построения этого треугольника, вершина $C$ искомого треугольника $ABC$ определяется как основание перпендикуляра, опущенного из вершины $B$ на прямую $AD$.</p><p><strong>Построение:</strong></p><p>На основе проведенного анализа составим план построения с помощью циркуля и линейки.</p><ol><li> Провести произвольную прямую и отметить на ней точку $A$. </li><li> С помощью циркуля отложить на прямой от точки $A$ отрезок $AD$, равный данной сумме катетов $s$. </li><li> В точке $D$ построить луч $m$, образующий с отрезком $AD$ угол $45°$. (Это можно сделать, построив в точке $D$ перпендикуляр к прямой $AD$ и разделив полученный прямой угол пополам с помощью циркуля и линейки). </li><li> Из точки $A$ как из центра провести дугу окружности с радиусом, равным данной гипотенузе $c$. </li><li> Точку пересечения этой дуги с лучом $m$ обозначить как $B$. (Если пересечение существует). </li><li> Из точки $B$ опустить перпендикуляр на прямую $AD$. Точку пересечения (основание перпендикуляра) обозначить как $C$. </li><li> Соединить точки $A$, $B$ и $C$. Треугольник $ABC$ является искомым. </li></ol><p><strong>Доказательство:</strong></p><p>Докажем, что построенный треугольник $ABC$ удовлетворяет всем условиям задачи.</p></p><ul><li>По построению (шаг 6), $BC \perp AC$, следовательно, $∠ACB = 90°$. Таким образом, $ABC$ — прямоугольный треугольник. </li><li> По построению (шаг 4), сторона $AB$ равна $c$. Таким образом, гипотенуза треугольника равна заданной длине. </li><li> Осталось доказать, что сумма катетов $AC + BC$ равна $s$. Рассмотрим треугольник $BCD$. По построению $∠BCD = 90°$ и $∠BDC = 45°$. Сумма углов в треугольнике равна $180°$, поэтому $∠CBD = 180° - 90° - 45° = 45°$. Так как $∠CBD = ∠BDC$, треугольник $BCD$ является равнобедренным, и, следовательно, $BC = CD$. </li><li> По построению (шаг 2), длина отрезка $AD$ равна $s$. Так как точка $C$ лежит на отрезке $AD$, то $AD = AC + CD$. Заменяя $CD$ на равный ему отрезок $BC$, получаем $AD = AC + BC$. </li><li> Следовательно, $AC + BC = s$. </li></ul><p>Все условия задачи выполнены.</p><p><strong>Исследование:</strong></p><p>Задача имеет решение тогда и только тогда, когда дуга окружности из шага 4 пересекает луч $m$ из шага 3.</p><p>Это возможно, если расстояние от центра окружности (точки $A$) до луча $m$ не превышает радиуса $c$. Минимальное расстояние от точки $A$ до луча $m$ — это длина перпендикуляра, опущенного из $A$ на прямую, содержащую луч $m$. В треугольнике $ABD$ это высота $h_A$, опущенная на сторону $BD$. Проще рассмотреть расстояние от $A$ до луча $m$ через синус угла $D$. Расстояние от $A$ до прямой, содержащей луч $m$, равно $AD \sin(45°) = s \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.</p><p>Таким образом, для существования хотя бы одной точки пересечения $B$ необходимо и достаточно, чтобы $c \ge s \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, что эквивалентно $c\sqrt{2} \ge s$.</p><p>Кроме того, для существования самого треугольника $ABC$ должно выполняться неравенство треугольника: $a+b > c$, то есть $s>c$.</p><p>Итак, задача имеет решение, если выполняются условия $c < s \le c\sqrt{2}$.</p></p><ul><li>Если $s = c\sqrt{2}$, то $c = s\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, и дуга касается луча. Решение единственно, при этом $a=b$, то есть треугольник равнобедренный. </li><li> Если $c < s < c\sqrt{2}$, то окружность пересекает прямую, содержащую луч $m$, в двух точках. Однако, как правило, только одна из этих точек (или обе, что приводит к конгруэнтным треугольникам) будет лежать на луче $m$ и давать искомое построение. Анализ показывает, что два возможных решения для длин катетов $(a,b)$ и $(b,a)$ приводят к построению двух конгруэнтных треугольников. Таким образом, решение единственно с точностью до конгруэнтности. </li><li> Если $s \le c$ или $s > c\sqrt{2}$, задача не имеет решений. </li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Искомый треугольник строится по приведенному алгоритму. Построение возможно и дает единственный (с точностью до конгруэнтности) треугольник при условии, что данная сумма катетов $s$ больше данной гипотенузы $c$, но не превышает $c\sqrt{2}$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1480992 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122760" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Анализ:</strong></p><p>Предположим, что искомый прямоугольный треугольник $ABC$ с прямым углом $C$ построен. Пусть его катеты $AC=a$, $BC=b$ и гипотенуза $AB=c$. По условию нам даны длина гипотенузы $c$ и сумма длин катетов $s = a+b$.</p><p>Для того чтобы использовать сумму катетов $s$, отложим на продолжении катета $AC$ за точку $C$ отрезок $CD$, равный катету $BC$. Тогда длина отрезка $AD$ будет равна $AC + CD = AC + BC = a+b = s$.</p><p>Рассмотрим треугольник $BCD$. Так как по построению $BC = CD$ и $BC \perp AD$ (поскольку $∠ACB = 90°$), то треугольник $BCD$ является равнобедренным прямоугольным треугольником. Углы при основании $BD$ в таком треугольнике равны по $45°$. В частности, $∠CDB = 45°$.</p><p>Теперь рассмотрим вспомогательный треугольник $ABD$. В этом треугольнике нам известны длины двух сторон: $AB = c$ (данная гипотенуза) и $AD = s$ (данная сумма катетов). Также нам известен угол, противолежащий стороне $AB$: $∠ADB = 45°$.</p><p>Треугольник $ABD$ можно построить по двум сторонам и углу, лежащему напротив одной из них. После построения этого треугольника, вершина $C$ искомого треугольника $ABC$ определяется как основание перпендикуляра, опущенного из вершины $B$ на прямую $AD$.</p><p><strong>Построение:</strong></p><p>На основе проведенного анализа составим план построения с помощью циркуля и линейки.</p><ol><li> Провести произвольную прямую и отметить на ней точку $A$. </li><li> С помощью циркуля отложить на прямой от точки $A$ отрезок $AD$, равный данной сумме катетов $s$. </li><li> В точке $D$ построить луч $m$, образующий с отрезком $AD$ угол $45°$. (Это можно сделать, построив в точке $D$ перпендикуляр к прямой $AD$ и разделив полученный прямой угол пополам с помощью циркуля и линейки). </li><li> Из точки $A$ как из центра провести дугу окружности с радиусом, равным данной гипотенузе $c$. </li><li> Точку пересечения этой дуги с лучом $m$ обозначить как $B$. (Если пересечение существует). </li><li> Из точки $B$ опустить перпендикуляр на прямую $AD$. Точку пересечения (основание перпендикуляра) обозначить как $C$. </li><li> Соединить точки $A$, $B$ и $C$. Треугольник $ABC$ является искомым. </li></ol><p><strong>Доказательство:</strong></p><p>Докажем, что построенный треугольник $ABC$ удовлетворяет всем условиям задачи.</p></p><ul><li>По построению (шаг 6), $BC \perp AC$, следовательно, $∠ACB = 90°$. Таким образом, $ABC$ — прямоугольный треугольник. </li><li> По построению (шаг 4), сторона $AB$ равна $c$. Таким образом, гипотенуза треугольника равна заданной длине. </li><li> Осталось доказать, что сумма катетов $AC + BC$ равна $s$. Рассмотрим треугольник $BCD$. По построению $∠BCD = 90°$ и $∠BDC = 45°$. Сумма углов в треугольнике равна $180°$, поэтому $∠CBD = 180° - 90° - 45° = 45°$. Так как $∠CBD = ∠BDC$, треугольник $BCD$ является равнобедренным, и, следовательно, $BC = CD$. </li><li> По построению (шаг 2), длина отрезка $AD$ равна $s$. Так как точка $C$ лежит на отрезке $AD$, то $AD = AC + CD$. Заменяя $CD$ на равный ему отрезок $BC$, получаем $AD = AC + BC$. </li><li> Следовательно, $AC + BC = s$. </li></ul><p>Все условия задачи выполнены.</p><p><strong>Исследование:</strong></p><p>Задача имеет решение тогда и только тогда, когда дуга окружности из шага 4 пересекает луч $m$ из шага 3.</p><p>Это возможно, если расстояние от центра окружности (точки $A$) до луча $m$ не превышает радиуса $c$. Минимальное расстояние от точки $A$ до луча $m$ — это длина перпендикуляра, опущенного из $A$ на прямую, содержащую луч $m$. В треугольнике $ABD$ это высота $h_A$, опущенная на сторону $BD$. Проще рассмотреть расстояние от $A$ до луча $m$ через синус угла $D$. Расстояние от $A$ до прямой, содержащей луч $m$, равно $AD \sin(45°) = s \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.</p><p>Таким образом, для существования хотя бы одной точки пересечения $B$ необходимо и достаточно, чтобы $c \ge s \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, что эквивалентно $c\sqrt{2} \ge s$.</p><p>Кроме того, для существования самого треугольника $ABC$ должно выполняться неравенство треугольника: $a+b > c$, то есть $s>c$.</p><p>Итак, задача имеет решение, если выполняются условия $c < s \le c\sqrt{2}$.</p></p><ul><li>Если $s = c\sqrt{2}$, то $c = s\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, и дуга касается луча. Решение единственно, при этом $a=b$, то есть треугольник равнобедренный. </li><li> Если $c < s < c\sqrt{2}$, то окружность пересекает прямую, содержащую луч $m$, в двух точках. Однако, как правило, только одна из этих точек (или обе, что приводит к конгруэнтным треугольникам) будет лежать на луче $m$ и давать искомое построение. Анализ показывает, что два возможных решения для длин катетов $(a,b)$ и $(b,a)$ приводят к построению двух конгруэнтных треугольников. Таким образом, решение единственно с точностью до конгруэнтности. </li><li> Если $s \le c$ или $s > c\sqrt{2}$, задача не имеет решений. </li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Искомый треугольник строится по приведенному алгоритму. Построение возможно и дает единственный (с точностью до конгруэнтности) треугольник при условии, что данная сумма катетов $s$ больше данной гипотенузы $c$, но не превышает $c\sqrt{2}$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122761" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122759" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1180 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2592 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1172 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1177 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1175 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1176 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1174 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1213 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1219 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1221 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1753258124" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1753258124" "alt" => "" "width" => "1632" "height" => "2472" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 543 "class_subject" => 390 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2592 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "538" "field_priority" => "6" "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-331-161-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1753258124" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/geometrija_08/Shynybekov-u17/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1753258124" "alt" => "" "width" => "1632" "height" => "2472" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230} "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 543 "class_subject" => 390 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1238 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1114274 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "72" "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/page-72" "field_display_title" => "72" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "72" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1180} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1253 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1255 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1114275" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1114273" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1450 #items: array:14 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1470 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1477 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1481 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1497 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1513 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1529 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1545 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1561 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1580 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1584 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1600 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 11 => App\Models\Task {#1616 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 12 => App\Models\Task {#1632 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 13 => App\Models\Task {#1648 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1114274 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "72" "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/page-72" "field_display_title" => "72" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "72" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1114275" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1114273" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1450} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1122760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "72" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/2-89" "field_display_title" => "2.89" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122761" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1122759" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1114274" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2.89 (с. 72)
Учебник rus. №2.89 (с. 72)
скриншот условия
2.89. Постройте прямоугольный треугольник по гипотенузе и сумме катетов.
Учебник kz. №2.89 (с. 72)
Решение. №2.89 (с. 72)
Решение 2 rus. №2.89 (с. 72)
Анализ:
Предположим, что искомый прямоугольный треугольник $ABC$ с прямым углом $C$ построен. Пусть его катеты $AC=a$, $BC=b$ и гипотенуза $AB=c$. По условию нам даны длина гипотенузы $c$ и сумма длин катетов $s = a+b$.
Для того чтобы использовать сумму катетов $s$, отложим на продолжении катета $AC$ за точку $C$ отрезок $CD$, равный катету $BC$. Тогда длина отрезка $AD$ будет равна $AC + CD = AC + BC = a+b = s$.
Рассмотрим треугольник $BCD$. Так как по построению $BC = CD$ и $BC \perp AD$ (поскольку $∠ACB = 90°$), то треугольник $BCD$ является равнобедренным прямоугольным треугольником. Углы при основании $BD$ в таком треугольнике равны по $45°$. В частности, $∠CDB = 45°$.
Теперь рассмотрим вспомогательный треугольник $ABD$. В этом треугольнике нам известны длины двух сторон: $AB = c$ (данная гипотенуза) и $AD = s$ (данная сумма катетов). Также нам известен угол, противолежащий стороне $AB$: $∠ADB = 45°$.
Треугольник $ABD$ можно построить по двум сторонам и углу, лежащему напротив одной из них. После построения этого треугольника, вершина $C$ искомого треугольника $ABC$ определяется как основание перпендикуляра, опущенного из вершины $B$ на прямую $AD$.
Построение:
На основе проведенного анализа составим план построения с помощью циркуля и линейки.
- Провести произвольную прямую и отметить на ней точку $A$.
- С помощью циркуля отложить на прямой от точки $A$ отрезок $AD$, равный данной сумме катетов $s$.
- В точке $D$ построить луч $m$, образующий с отрезком $AD$ угол $45°$. (Это можно сделать, построив в точке $D$ перпендикуляр к прямой $AD$ и разделив полученный прямой угол пополам с помощью циркуля и линейки).
- Из точки $A$ как из центра провести дугу окружности с радиусом, равным данной гипотенузе $c$.
- Точку пересечения этой дуги с лучом $m$ обозначить как $B$. (Если пересечение существует).
- Из точки $B$ опустить перпендикуляр на прямую $AD$. Точку пересечения (основание перпендикуляра) обозначить как $C$.
- Соединить точки $A$, $B$ и $C$. Треугольник $ABC$ является искомым.
Доказательство:
Докажем, что построенный треугольник $ABC$ удовлетворяет всем условиям задачи.
- По построению (шаг 6), $BC \perp AC$, следовательно, $∠ACB = 90°$. Таким образом, $ABC$ — прямоугольный треугольник.
- По построению (шаг 4), сторона $AB$ равна $c$. Таким образом, гипотенуза треугольника равна заданной длине.
- Осталось доказать, что сумма катетов $AC + BC$ равна $s$. Рассмотрим треугольник $BCD$. По построению $∠BCD = 90°$ и $∠BDC = 45°$. Сумма углов в треугольнике равна $180°$, поэтому $∠CBD = 180° - 90° - 45° = 45°$. Так как $∠CBD = ∠BDC$, треугольник $BCD$ является равнобедренным, и, следовательно, $BC = CD$.
- По построению (шаг 2), длина отрезка $AD$ равна $s$. Так как точка $C$ лежит на отрезке $AD$, то $AD = AC + CD$. Заменяя $CD$ на равный ему отрезок $BC$, получаем $AD = AC + BC$.
- Следовательно, $AC + BC = s$.
Все условия задачи выполнены.
Исследование:
Задача имеет решение тогда и только тогда, когда дуга окружности из шага 4 пересекает луч $m$ из шага 3.
Это возможно, если расстояние от центра окружности (точки $A$) до луча $m$ не превышает радиуса $c$. Минимальное расстояние от точки $A$ до луча $m$ — это длина перпендикуляра, опущенного из $A$ на прямую, содержащую луч $m$. В треугольнике $ABD$ это высота $h_A$, опущенная на сторону $BD$. Проще рассмотреть расстояние от $A$ до луча $m$ через синус угла $D$. Расстояние от $A$ до прямой, содержащей луч $m$, равно $AD \sin(45°) = s \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.
Таким образом, для существования хотя бы одной точки пересечения $B$ необходимо и достаточно, чтобы $c \ge s \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, что эквивалентно $c\sqrt{2} \ge s$.
Кроме того, для существования самого треугольника $ABC$ должно выполняться неравенство треугольника: $a+b > c$, то есть $s>c$.
Итак, задача имеет решение, если выполняются условия $c < s \le c\sqrt{2}$.
- Если $s = c\sqrt{2}$, то $c = s\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$, и дуга касается луча. Решение единственно, при этом $a=b$, то есть треугольник равнобедренный.
- Если $c < s < c\sqrt{2}$, то окружность пересекает прямую, содержащую луч $m$, в двух точках. Однако, как правило, только одна из этих точек (или обе, что приводит к конгруэнтным треугольникам) будет лежать на луче $m$ и давать искомое построение. Анализ показывает, что два возможных решения для длин катетов $(a,b)$ и $(b,a)$ приводят к построению двух конгруэнтных треугольников. Таким образом, решение единственно с точностью до конгруэнтности.
- Если $s \le c$ или $s > c\sqrt{2}$, задача не имеет решений.
Ответ: Искомый треугольник строится по приведенному алгоритму. Построение возможно и дает единственный (с точностью до конгруэнтности) треугольник при условии, что данная сумма катетов $s$ больше данной гипотенузы $c$, но не превышает $c\sqrt{2}$.
Другие задания:
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