Номер 5.4, страница 101 - гдз по геометрии 8 класс учебник Шыныбеков, Шыныбеков

Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018

Авторы: Шыныбеков А. Н., Шыныбеков Д. А., Жумабаев Р. Н.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Атамұра

Год издания: 2018 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-331-161-6

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Раздел 5*. Дополнительные задачи повышенной трудности - номер 5.4, страница 101.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 1122894
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "101"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-4"
    "field_display_title" => "5.4"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "field_match" => null
    "breadcrumbs" => []
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1122391
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Раздел 5*. Дополнительные задачи повышенной трудности"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "101"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1048
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 2592
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1049
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6477
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Геометрия"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "geometrija"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6477
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Геометрия"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "geometrija"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #touches: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1052
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1054
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6991
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Атамұра"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "atamu'ra"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6991
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Атамұра"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "atamu'ra"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1056
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6992
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Шыныбеков"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Абдухали"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Насырович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6992
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Шыныбеков"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Абдухали"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Насырович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1057
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6993
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Шыныбеков"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Данияр"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абдухалиевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6993
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Шыныбеков"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Данияр"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абдухалиевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7001
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Жумабаев"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Ринат"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Нурланович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 7001
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Жумабаев"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Ринат"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Нурланович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1061
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
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                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
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                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
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                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1063
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
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                          #changes: []
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                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
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                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067
                      #items: []
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                    }
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109}
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        3 => App\Models\Element {#1107
          #connection: "mysql"
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 1481118
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1108
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                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5435
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2 rus"
                    "field_order" => "4"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
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                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2}
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                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
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                    "id" => 5435
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2 rus"
                    "field_order" => "4"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
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                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2}
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1122894"
              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p>Пусть дан треугольник $ABC$. $AA_1$ и $BB_1$ – его медианы, которые по условию пересекаются в точке $O$. По определению медианы, точка $A_1$ является серединой стороны $BC$, а точка $B_1$ – серединой стороны $AC$. По условию, точка $P$ – середина отрезка $AO$, а точка $Q$ – середина отрезка $BO$.</p><p>Рассмотрим четырехугольник $A_1B_1PQ$. Его диагоналями являются отрезки $A_1P$ и $B_1Q$. Чтобы доказать, что $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом, воспользуемся признаком параллелограмма: если диагонали четырехугольника пересекаются и точкой пересечения делятся пополам, то этот четырехугольник – параллелограмм.</p><p>Известно свойство точки пересечения медиан треугольника: медианы делятся точкой пересечения в отношении $2:1$, считая от вершины.</p><p>Для медианы $AA_1$ это свойство записывается как $AO:OA_1 = 2:1$, из чего следует, что $AO = 2 \cdot OA_1$.Так как по условию $P$ – середина отрезка $AO$, то $PO = \frac{1}{2}AO$. Подставим в это равенство выражение для $AO$:$PO = \frac{1}{2}(2 \cdot OA_1) = OA_1$.Поскольку точки $P$, $O$ и $A_1$ лежат на одной прямой (на медиане $AA_1$) и длины отрезков $PO$ и $OA_1$ равны, точка $O$ является серединой диагонали $A_1P$.</p><p>Аналогично для медианы $BB_1$: свойство записывается как $BO:OB_1 = 2:1$, из чего следует, что $BO = 2 \cdot OB_1$.Так как по условию $Q$ – середина отрезка $BO$, то $QO = \frac{1}{2}BO$. Подставим в это равенство выражение для $BO$:$QO = \frac{1}{2}(2 \cdot OB_1) = OB_1$.Поскольку точки $Q$, $O$ и $B_1$ лежат на одной прямой (на медиане $BB_1$) и длины отрезков $QO$ и $OB_1$ равны, точка $O$ является серединой диагонали $B_1Q$.</p><p>Таким образом, диагонали $A_1P$ и $B_1Q$ четырехугольника $A_1B_1PQ$ пересекаются в точке $O$ и делятся этой точкой пополам. Следовательно, по признаку параллелограмма, четырехугольник $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом.</p><p>Что и требовалось доказать.</p><p>Ответ: Утверждение доказано.</p>"
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 1481118
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1122894"
              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p>Пусть дан треугольник $ABC$. $AA_1$ и $BB_1$ – его медианы, которые по условию пересекаются в точке $O$. По определению медианы, точка $A_1$ является серединой стороны $BC$, а точка $B_1$ – серединой стороны $AC$. По условию, точка $P$ – середина отрезка $AO$, а точка $Q$ – середина отрезка $BO$.</p><p>Рассмотрим четырехугольник $A_1B_1PQ$. Его диагоналями являются отрезки $A_1P$ и $B_1Q$. Чтобы доказать, что $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом, воспользуемся признаком параллелограмма: если диагонали четырехугольника пересекаются и точкой пересечения делятся пополам, то этот четырехугольник – параллелограмм.</p><p>Известно свойство точки пересечения медиан треугольника: медианы делятся точкой пересечения в отношении $2:1$, считая от вершины.</p><p>Для медианы $AA_1$ это свойство записывается как $AO:OA_1 = 2:1$, из чего следует, что $AO = 2 \cdot OA_1$.Так как по условию $P$ – середина отрезка $AO$, то $PO = \frac{1}{2}AO$. Подставим в это равенство выражение для $AO$:$PO = \frac{1}{2}(2 \cdot OA_1) = OA_1$.Поскольку точки $P$, $O$ и $A_1$ лежат на одной прямой (на медиане $AA_1$) и длины отрезков $PO$ и $OA_1$ равны, точка $O$ является серединой диагонали $A_1P$.</p><p>Аналогично для медианы $BB_1$: свойство записывается как $BO:OB_1 = 2:1$, из чего следует, что $BO = 2 \cdot OB_1$.Так как по условию $Q$ – середина отрезка $BO$, то $QO = \frac{1}{2}BO$. Подставим в это равенство выражение для $BO$:$QO = \frac{1}{2}(2 \cdot OB_1) = OB_1$.Поскольку точки $Q$, $O$ и $B_1$ лежат на одной прямой (на медиане $BB_1$) и длины отрезков $QO$ и $OB_1$ равны, точка $O$ является серединой диагонали $B_1Q$.</p><p>Таким образом, диагонали $A_1P$ и $B_1Q$ четырехугольника $A_1B_1PQ$ пересекаются в точке $O$ и делятся этой точкой пополам. Следовательно, по признаку параллелограмма, четырехугольник $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом.</p><p>Что и требовалось доказать.</p><p>Ответ: Утверждение доказано.</p>"
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    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082
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        0 => App\Models\Book {#1048}
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    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1041
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
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          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1114303
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "101"
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/page-101"
            "field_display_title" => "101"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "101"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1048}
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1127
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
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                    "id" => 1290471
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
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                    "id" => 1290471
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1129
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1290488
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
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                    "id" => 1290488
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
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              "type" => "book_page"
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197
              #items: array:14 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#1217
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_display_title" => "5.1"
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2}
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#1224
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2}
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                  #visible: []
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Task {#1228
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 …2}
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                3 => App\Models\Task {#1244
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-4"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.4"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2}
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2}
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2}
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                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                4 => App\Models\Task {#1260
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-5"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.5"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2}
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                5 => App\Models\Task {#1279
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "101"
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-6"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.6"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2}
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 …2}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                6 => App\Models\Task {#1283
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-7"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.7"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
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                    "field_display_title" => "5.7"
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 …2}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                7 => App\Models\Task {#1299
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "101"
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-8"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.8"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
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                  #original: array:24 [
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                    "field_display_title" => "5.8"
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                8 => App\Models\Task {#1315
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-9"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.9"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1333 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1351 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
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                  #original: array:24 [
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                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geometrija/shynybekov-uchebnik/5-9"
                    "field_display_title" => "5.9"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2}
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                9 => App\Models\Task {#1331
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
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№5.4 (с. 101)
Учебник rus. №5.4 (с. 101)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018, страница 101, номер 5.4, Учебник rus

5.4. Медианы $AA_1$ и $BB_1$ треугольника $ABC$ пересекаются в точке $O$. Точки $P$ и $Q$ – середины отрезков $AO$ и $BO$ соответственно. Докажите, что $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом.

Учебник kz. №5.4 (с. 101)
Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018, страница 101, номер 5.4, Учебник kz
Решение. №5.4 (с. 101)
Геометрия, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Шыныбеков Абдухали Насырович, Шыныбеков Данияр Абдухалиевич, Жумабаев Ринат Нурланович, издательство Атамұра, Алматы, 2018, страница 101, номер 5.4, Решение
Решение 2 rus. №5.4 (с. 101)

Пусть дан треугольник $ABC$. $AA_1$ и $BB_1$ – его медианы, которые по условию пересекаются в точке $O$. По определению медианы, точка $A_1$ является серединой стороны $BC$, а точка $B_1$ – серединой стороны $AC$. По условию, точка $P$ – середина отрезка $AO$, а точка $Q$ – середина отрезка $BO$.

Рассмотрим четырехугольник $A_1B_1PQ$. Его диагоналями являются отрезки $A_1P$ и $B_1Q$. Чтобы доказать, что $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом, воспользуемся признаком параллелограмма: если диагонали четырехугольника пересекаются и точкой пересечения делятся пополам, то этот четырехугольник – параллелограмм.

Известно свойство точки пересечения медиан треугольника: медианы делятся точкой пересечения в отношении $2:1$, считая от вершины.

Для медианы $AA_1$ это свойство записывается как $AO:OA_1 = 2:1$, из чего следует, что $AO = 2 \cdot OA_1$.Так как по условию $P$ – середина отрезка $AO$, то $PO = \frac{1}{2}AO$. Подставим в это равенство выражение для $AO$:$PO = \frac{1}{2}(2 \cdot OA_1) = OA_1$.Поскольку точки $P$, $O$ и $A_1$ лежат на одной прямой (на медиане $AA_1$) и длины отрезков $PO$ и $OA_1$ равны, точка $O$ является серединой диагонали $A_1P$.

Аналогично для медианы $BB_1$: свойство записывается как $BO:OB_1 = 2:1$, из чего следует, что $BO = 2 \cdot OB_1$.Так как по условию $Q$ – середина отрезка $BO$, то $QO = \frac{1}{2}BO$. Подставим в это равенство выражение для $BO$:$QO = \frac{1}{2}(2 \cdot OB_1) = OB_1$.Поскольку точки $Q$, $O$ и $B_1$ лежат на одной прямой (на медиане $BB_1$) и длины отрезков $QO$ и $OB_1$ равны, точка $O$ является серединой диагонали $B_1Q$.

Таким образом, диагонали $A_1P$ и $B_1Q$ четырехугольника $A_1B_1PQ$ пересекаются в точке $O$ и делятся этой точкой пополам. Следовательно, по признаку параллелограмма, четырехугольник $A_1B_1PQ$ является параллелограммом.

Что и требовалось доказать.

Ответ: Утверждение доказано.

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