Страница 151 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис

Химия, 8 класс Учебник, автор: Рудзитис Гунтис Екабович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022

Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2022

ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Cтраница 151

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
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    "id" => 1368158
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
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    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-151"
    "field_display_title" => "151"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "151"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Book {#1015
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
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            "id" => 524
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1017
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                      "field_nominative_case" => "химия"
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                    "field_translit" => "himiya"
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1019
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1031
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
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                  ]
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            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 379
              "subject" => 558
              "class_subject" => 498
            ]
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          #original: array:50 [
            "id" => 524
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1020}
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022}
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024}
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032}
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018}
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026}
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027}
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034}
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033}
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023}
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035}
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039}
            "field_publication_number" => "11"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041}
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040}
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
            "field_publication_year_until" => "2022"
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
            "field_reserve_field" => null
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "418"
            "field_priority" => "8"
            "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1444"
                "height" => "2154"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => "0"
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037}
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047}
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043}
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
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              "class_subject" => 498
            ]
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            0 => "*"
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    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007
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      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1048
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1049
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                  +incrementing: false
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                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 4499
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1050
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "book_page" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "151-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "962"
                "height" => 1302
                "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/151-1.webp?ts=1757414807"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 1580448
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058}
            "book_page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368158"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "151-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "962"
                "height" => 1302
                "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/151-1.webp?ts=1757414807"
              ]
            ]
          ]
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5596
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5591
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
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          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1368160
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "152"
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-152"
            "field_display_title" => "152"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "152"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5594
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5597
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1015}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5595
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5611
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#5610
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1580449
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5612
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Edition {#1049}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "book_page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                    "img" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:5 [
                        "name" => "152-1.jpg"
                        "alt" => null
                        "width" => "962"
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                        "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/152-1.webp?ts=1757414807"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    "id" => 1580449
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5612}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
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                    ]
                    "img" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:5 [
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                        "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/152-1.webp?ts=1757414807"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368158"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5602
              #items: array:7 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#5621
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367599
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-1"
                    "field_display_title" => "1"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5625
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5622
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5624
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5634
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5633
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "branches"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                          #original: array:24 [ …24]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5666
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "branches"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                          #original: array:24 [ …24]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#5680
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "branches"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                          #original: array:24 [ …24]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Branch {#5685
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "branches"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                          #original: array:24 [ …24]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5664
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#5658
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                          #original: array:7 [ …7]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#5656
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Element {#5649
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367600"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367598"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5660
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Book {#1015}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367599
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-1"
                    "field_display_title" => "1"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5625}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5624}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5634}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5666}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5664}
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367600"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367598"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5660}
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#5626
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367600
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-2"
                    "field_display_title" => "2"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5673
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5622}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5661
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5659
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676}
                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#5680}
                        2 => App\Models\Branch {#5685}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5628
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#5674
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                          #original: array:7 [ …7]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#5668
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Element {#5669
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367601"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367599"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5667
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Book {#1015}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367600
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-2"
                    "field_display_title" => "2"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5673}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5661}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5659}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5628}
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367601"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367599"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5667}
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Task {#5662
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367601
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-3"
                    "field_display_title" => "3"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5630
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5622}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5627
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5665
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5629
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676}
                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#5680}
                        2 => App\Models\Branch {#5685}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5640
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#5703
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                          #original: array:7 [ …7]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#5705
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Element {#5707
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367602"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367600"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5700
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Book {#1015}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367601
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-3"
                    "field_display_title" => "3"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5630}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5627}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5665}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5629}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5640}
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367602"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367600"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5700}
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                3 => App\Models\Task {#5623
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367602
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-4"
                    "field_display_title" => "4"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5639
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5622}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5691
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5701
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5690
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#5676}
                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#5680}
                        2 => App\Models\Branch {#5685}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5692
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#5717
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                          #original: array:7 [ …7]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#5719
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                           …23
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Element {#5721 …30}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367603"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367601"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5714
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Book {#1015}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367602
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "152"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/44-3-4"
                    "field_display_title" => "4"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5639}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5691}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5701}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5690}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5692}
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367603"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "previous" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1367601"
                      "type" => "task"
                    ]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5714}
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1368160"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                4 => App\Models\Task {#5693
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1367603
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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Химия, 8 класс Учебник, автор: Рудзитис Гунтис Екабович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, страница 151
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