Вариант 3, страница 86 - гдз по физике 9 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон

Самостоятельные работы. СР-15. Преломление света. Линзы - страница 86.

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App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
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  #keyType: "int"
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  #with: []
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  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 1428698
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    "field_page_start" => "86"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp15-3"
    "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
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      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1428174
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
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            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
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            "field_page_start" => "53"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1039
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1041
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                          #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
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                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1043
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1045
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                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1047
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1048
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049
                      #items: []
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                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1051
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
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                          #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                          #original: array:10 [ …10]
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                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1053
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                          #table: "terms"
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1055
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
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                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056
                      #items: []
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                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1059
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1061
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                    "field_publication_number" => "3"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1063
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                           …2
                        }
                      ]
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                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30}
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1428174
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "53"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1119
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 894
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1120
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "физику"
                              "field_creative_case" => "физикой"
                              "field_dative_case" => "физике"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "физики"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "физика"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "физике"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "физику"
                              "field_creative_case" => "физикой"
                              "field_dative_case" => "физике"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "физики"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "физика"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "физике"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1123
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5458
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "9"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "девятый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "девятым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "девятому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "девятого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "девятый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "devjatyj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5458
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "9"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "девятый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "девятым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "девятому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "девятого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "девятый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "devjatyj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1125
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1127
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5107
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Абрам"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5107
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Абрам"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1128
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5108
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Евгений"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5108
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Марон"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Евгений"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1131
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6510
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дидактические материалы"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами"
                              "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах"
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6510
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дидактические материалы"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами"
                              "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах"
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1133
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1135
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1139
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "базовым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "базовому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "базового"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "базовым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "базовому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "базового"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "базовый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1141
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 25
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_color" => "красный"
                            "field_end_year" => "2027"
                            "field_start_year" => "2023"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos"
                            "field_type" => "новый"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 25
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (новый)"
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                            ]
                            "field_color" => "красный"
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                          ]
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                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "3"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1143
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
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                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 34
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "переработанное"
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                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 34
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "переработанное"
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
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                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => "изображена башня"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2022"
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                    "field_part" => ""
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                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
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                    "field_tasks_count" => "674"
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                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/maron-dm/"
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                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
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                      ]
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
                      #items: []
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                    }
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1149
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 45
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                              "field_creative_case" => "белым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "белому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "белого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "белый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "белом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "belyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 45
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "белый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "belyy"
                          ]
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                    ]
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
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                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
                    "field_publication_number" => "3"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
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                    "field_cover_description" => "изображена башня"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2022"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
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                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
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                    "field_tasks_count" => "674"
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                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/maron-dm/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111414-0"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1888"
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                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 380
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 493
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1428174
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118}
            "field_page_start" => "53"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150}
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
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          #visible: []
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1428189
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "СР-15. Преломление света. Линзы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "85"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1119}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1428189
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "СР-15. Преломление света. Линзы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153}
            "field_page_start" => "85"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155}
          ]
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          #visible: []
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1100
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1683013
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5992
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
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                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1099 …30}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
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                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                    "title" => "Условие"
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                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094}
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                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1428698"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Почему изображения предметов, получаемые при отражении их в воде, кажутся менее яркими, чем сами предметы?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Постройте изображение предмета $AB$ в линзе (рис. 115). Охарактеризуйте изображение.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Определите фокусное расстояние линзы, имеющей оптическую силу $D = -2$ дптр. Какая это линза?</p><p>Рис. 115</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "3-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1455"
                "height" => 930
                "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/0-cp15/3-1.webp?ts=1758964257"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 1683013
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1428698"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Почему изображения предметов, получаемые при отражении их в воде, кажутся менее яркими, чем сами предметы?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Постройте изображение предмета $AB$ в линзе (рис. 115). Охарактеризуйте изображение.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Определите фокусное расстояние линзы, имеющей оптическую силу $D = -2$ дптр. Какая это линза?</p><p>Рис. 115</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Изображения предметов, получаемые при отражении их в воде, кажутся менее яркими, чем сами предметы, по нескольким причинам. Во-первых, поверхность воды отражает не весь падающий на неё свет. Часть света поглощается водой, а часть проходит сквозь неё, преломляясь. Таким образом, до глаз наблюдателя доходит лишь доля световой энергии, отраженной от объекта, что и делает изображение более тусклым. Во-вторых, поверхность воды редко бывает идеально гладкой. Небольшие волны и рябь рассеивают отраженный свет в разных направлениях, что дополнительно снижает яркость и четкость формируемого изображения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Изображение в воде кажется менее ярким, потому что вода отражает только часть падающего света, а остальную часть поглощает и пропускает сквозь себя.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> На рисунке 115 изображена собирающая линза, а предмет AB находится на расстоянии двойного фокуса (2F) от нее. Для построения изображения предмета AB (обозначим его A'B') проведем два луча из точки B:</p><ol><li>Луч, параллельный главной оптической оси. После прохождения через линзу он преломится и пройдет через главный фокус F за линзой.</li><li>Луч, проходящий через оптический центр линзы. Этот луч не преломляется и не меняет своего направления.</li></ol><p>Точка пересечения этих двух лучей за линзой даст нам изображение точки B' (изображение точки B). Так как предмет AB перпендикулярен главной оптической оси, его изображение A'B' также будет ей перпендикулярно. Изображение A' точки A будет лежать на главной оптической оси.</p><p>В результате построения мы получим изображение, которое имеет следующие характеристики:</p><ul><li><strong>Действительное</strong>, так как оно образовано пересечением самих преломленных лучей, а не их продолжений.</li><li><strong>Перевернутое</strong>, так как изображение B' находится под главной оптической осью, в то время как предмет B — над ней.</li><li><strong>Равное по размеру предмету</strong>, так как предмет находится на расстоянии двойного фокуса, его изображение также формируется на расстоянии двойного фокуса и имеет тот же размер.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Изображение будет действительным, перевернутым, равным по размеру предмету и будет находиться на расстоянии 2F за линзой.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>D = -2 дптр</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>F - ?, тип линзы - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Оптическая сила линзы $\text{D}$ связана с её фокусным расстоянием $\text{F}$ соотношением:</p><p>$D = \frac{1}{F}$</p><p>Отсюда можно выразить фокусное расстояние:</p><p>$F = \frac{1}{D}$</p><p>Подставим известные значения в формулу. Оптическая сила измеряется в диоптриях (дптр), что соответствует $м^{-1}$.</p><p>$F = \frac{1}{-2 \text{ дптр}} = -0.5 \text{ м}$</p><p>Знак оптической силы и фокусного расстояния определяет тип линзы. Так как оптическая сила $\text{D}$ и фокусное расстояние $\text{F}$ имеют отрицательный знак, то данная линза является рассеивающей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Фокусное расстояние линзы равно -0.5 м. Это рассеивающая линза.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Изображения предметов, получаемые при отражении их в воде, кажутся менее яркими, чем сами предметы, по нескольким причинам. Во-первых, поверхность воды отражает не весь падающий на неё свет. Часть света поглощается водой, а часть проходит сквозь неё, преломляясь. Таким образом, до глаз наблюдателя доходит лишь доля световой энергии, отраженной от объекта, что и делает изображение более тусклым. Во-вторых, поверхность воды редко бывает идеально гладкой. Небольшие волны и рябь рассеивают отраженный свет в разных направлениях, что дополнительно снижает яркость и четкость формируемого изображения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Изображение в воде кажется менее ярким, потому что вода отражает только часть падающего света, а остальную часть поглощает и пропускает сквозь себя.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> На рисунке 115 изображена собирающая линза, а предмет AB находится на расстоянии двойного фокуса (2F) от нее. Для построения изображения предмета AB (обозначим его A'B') проведем два луча из точки B:</p><ol><li>Луч, параллельный главной оптической оси. После прохождения через линзу он преломится и пройдет через главный фокус F за линзой.</li><li>Луч, проходящий через оптический центр линзы. Этот луч не преломляется и не меняет своего направления.</li></ol><p>Точка пересечения этих двух лучей за линзой даст нам изображение точки B' (изображение точки B). Так как предмет AB перпендикулярен главной оптической оси, его изображение A'B' также будет ей перпендикулярно. Изображение A' точки A будет лежать на главной оптической оси.</p><p>В результате построения мы получим изображение, которое имеет следующие характеристики:</p><ul><li><strong>Действительное</strong>, так как оно образовано пересечением самих преломленных лучей, а не их продолжений.</li><li><strong>Перевернутое</strong>, так как изображение B' находится под главной оптической осью, в то время как предмет B — над ней.</li><li><strong>Равное по размеру предмету</strong>, так как предмет находится на расстоянии двойного фокуса, его изображение также формируется на расстоянии двойного фокуса и имеет тот же размер.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Изображение будет действительным, перевернутым, равным по размеру предмету и будет находиться на расстоянии 2F за линзой.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>D = -2 дптр</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>F - ?, тип линзы - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Оптическая сила линзы $\text{D}$ связана с её фокусным расстоянием $\text{F}$ соотношением:</p><p>$D = \frac{1}{F}$</p><p>Отсюда можно выразить фокусное расстояние:</p><p>$F = \frac{1}{D}$</p><p>Подставим известные значения в формулу. Оптическая сила измеряется в диоптриях (дптр), что соответствует $м^{-1}$.</p><p>$F = \frac{1}{-2 \text{ дптр}} = -0.5 \text{ м}$</p><p>Знак оптической силы и фокусного расстояния определяет тип линзы. Так как оптическая сила $\text{D}$ и фокусное расстояние $\text{F}$ имеют отрицательный знак, то данная линза является рассеивающей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Фокусное расстояние линзы равно -0.5 м. Это рассеивающая линза.</p>"
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Вариант 3 (с. 86)

Просмотр Редак-ть Редак-ть (переопр)

Условие. Вариант 3 (с. 86)

Редак-ть Редакция

скриншот условия

1. Почему изображения предметов, получаемые при отражении их в воде, кажутся менее яркими, чем сами предметы?

2. Постройте изображение предмета $AB$ в линзе (рис. 115). Охарактеризуйте изображение.

3. Определите фокусное расстояние линзы, имеющей оптическую силу $D = -2$ дптр. Какая это линза?

Рис. 115

Решение. Вариант 3 (с. 86)

Редак-ть Редакция

1. Изображения предметов, получаемые при отражении их в воде, кажутся менее яркими, чем сами предметы, по нескольким причинам. Во-первых, поверхность воды отражает не весь падающий на неё свет. Часть света поглощается водой, а часть проходит сквозь неё, преломляясь. Таким образом, до глаз наблюдателя доходит лишь доля световой энергии, отраженной от объекта, что и делает изображение более тусклым. Во-вторых, поверхность воды редко бывает идеально гладкой. Небольшие волны и рябь рассеивают отраженный свет в разных направлениях, что дополнительно снижает яркость и четкость формируемого изображения.

Ответ: Изображение в воде кажется менее ярким, потому что вода отражает только часть падающего света, а остальную часть поглощает и пропускает сквозь себя.

2. На рисунке 115 изображена собирающая линза, а предмет AB находится на расстоянии двойного фокуса (2F) от нее. Для построения изображения предмета AB (обозначим его A'B') проведем два луча из точки B:

1. Луч, параллельный главной оптической оси. После прохождения через линзу он преломится и пройдет через главный фокус F за линзой.
2. Луч, проходящий через оптический центр линзы. Этот луч не преломляется и не меняет своего направления.

Точка пересечения этих двух лучей за линзой даст нам изображение точки B' (изображение точки B). Так как предмет AB перпендикулярен главной оптической оси, его изображение A'B' также будет ей перпендикулярно. Изображение A' точки A будет лежать на главной оптической оси.

В результате построения мы получим изображение, которое имеет следующие характеристики:

• Действительное, так как оно образовано пересечением самих преломленных лучей, а не их продолжений.
• Перевернутое, так как изображение B' находится под главной оптической осью, в то время как предмет B — над ней.
• Равное по размеру предмету, так как предмет находится на расстоянии двойного фокуса, его изображение также формируется на расстоянии двойного фокуса и имеет тот же размер.

Ответ: Изображение будет действительным, перевернутым, равным по размеру предмету и будет находиться на расстоянии 2F за линзой.

3. Дано:

D = -2 дптр

Найти:

F - ?, тип линзы - ?

Решение:

Оптическая сила линзы $\text{D}$ связана с её фокусным расстоянием $\text{F}$ соотношением:

$D = \frac{1}{F}$

Отсюда можно выразить фокусное расстояние:

$F = \frac{1}{D}$

Подставим известные значения в формулу. Оптическая сила измеряется в диоптриях (дптр), что соответствует $м^{-1}$.

$F = \frac{1}{-2 \text{ дптр}} = -0.5 \text{ м}$

Знак оптической силы и фокусного расстояния определяет тип линзы. Так как оптическая сила $\text{D}$ и фокусное расстояние $\text{F}$ имеют отрицательный знак, то данная линза является рассеивающей.

Ответ: Фокусное расстояние линзы равно -0.5 м. Это рассеивающая линза.