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Вариант 3, страница 87 - гдз по физике 9 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон
Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.
Тип: Дидактические материалы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2022 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый изображена башня
ISBN: 978-5-09-111414-0
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Самостоятельные работы. СР-16. Строение атома и атомного ядра - страница 87.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428703 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-3" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#342 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "53" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображена башня" "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "674" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111414-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" "alt" => "" "width" => "1888" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображена башня" "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "674" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111414-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" "alt" => "" "width" => "1888" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_page_start" => "53" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#342} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428190 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-16. Строение атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "87" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1033} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "53" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ …50] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428174 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_page_start" => "53" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428190 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-16. Строение атома и атомного ядра" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_page_start" => "87" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1683018 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5992 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1108 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5992 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Каков состав ядра $`_{6}^{12}\text{C}`$?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> При бомбардировке изотопа алюминия $`_{13}^{27}\text{Al}`$ $`\alpha`$-частицами образуется изотоп фосфора $`_{15}^{30}\text{P}`$. Напишите ядерную реакцию.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Рассчитайте энергию связи ядра изотопа бериллия $`_{4}^{9}\text{Be}`$. Масса протона 1,0073 а. е. м., масса нейтрона 1,0087 а. е. м., масса изотопа бериллия 9,01219 а. е. м.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1447" "height" => 511 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/0-cp16/3-1.webp?ts=1758964257" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1683018 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Каков состав ядра $`_{6}^{12}\text{C}`$?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> При бомбардировке изотопа алюминия $`_{13}^{27}\text{Al}`$ $`\alpha`$-частицами образуется изотоп фосфора $`_{15}^{30}\text{P}`$. Напишите ядерную реакцию.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Рассчитайте энергию связи ядра изотопа бериллия $`_{4}^{9}\text{Be}`$. Масса протона 1,0073 а. е. м., масса нейтрона 1,0087 а. е. м., масса изотопа бериллия 9,01219 а. е. м.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1447" "height" => 511 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/0-cp16/3-1.webp?ts=1758964257" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1112 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1730720 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1114 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6313 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6313 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Состав ядра определяется его массовым числом $\text{A}$ (верхний индекс) и зарядовым числом $\text{Z}$ (нижний индекс). Для изотопа углерода $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$:</p><p>Зарядовое число $Z = 6$. Оно равно количеству протонов в ядре. Таким образом, в ядре 6 протонов.</p><p>Массовое число $A = 12$. Оно равно суммарному количеству протонов и нейтронов (нуклонов) в ядре.</p><p>Количество нейтронов $\text{N}$ можно найти по формуле $N = A - Z$.</p><p>$N = 12 - 6 = 6$.</p><p>Следовательно, ядро изотопа углерода $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$ состоит из 6 протонов и 6 нейтронов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Ядро $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$ состоит из 6 протонов и 6 нейтронов.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Ядерная реакция описывает взаимодействие атомных ядер и элементарных частиц. В данной реакции изотоп алюминия $_{13}^{27}\text{Al}$ бомбардируется $\alpha$-частицами (ядрами гелия $_{2}^{4}\text{He}$), в результате чего образуется изотоп фосфора $_{15}^{30}\text{P}$ и еще одна частица, которую мы обозначим как $_{Z}^{A}\text{X}$.</p><p>Запишем схему реакции:</p><p>$_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{Z}^{A}\text{X}$</p><p>Для определения неизвестной частицы используем законы сохранения массового и зарядового чисел.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Закон сохранения массового числа (сумма верхних индексов слева и справа должна быть одинаковой):</em></p><p>$27 + 4 = 30 + A$</p><p>$31 = 30 + A$</p><p>$A = 1$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Закон сохранения зарядового числа (сумма нижних индексов слева и справа должна быть одинаковой):</em></p><p>$13 + 2 = 15 + Z$</p><p>$15 = 15 + Z$</p><p>$Z = 0$</p><p>Частица с массовым числом $A=1$ и зарядовым числом $Z=0$ является нейтроном ($_{0}^{1}\text{n}$).</p><p>Таким образом, полная ядерная реакция выглядит следующим образом:</p><p>$_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{0}^{1}\text{n}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{0}^{1}\text{n}$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Изотоп бериллия: $_{4}^{9}\text{Be}$</p><p>Масса протона: $m_p = 1,0073 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p>Масса нейтрона: $m_n = 1,0087 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p>Масса ядра изотопа бериллия: $M_я = 9,01219 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p>Энергетический эквивалент массы: $1 \text{ а. е. м.} = 931,5 \text{ МэВ}$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Энергию связи ядра $E_{св}$</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Энергия связи ядра — это энергия, которую необходимо затратить, чтобы расщепить ядро на составляющие его нуклоны (протоны и нейтроны). Она равна энергии, соответствующей дефекту масс, согласно формуле Эйнштейна $E = mc^2$.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Определим состав ядра бериллия $_{4}^{9}\text{Be}$:</p><p>Число протонов $Z = 4$.</p><p>Число нейтронов $N = A - Z = 9 - 4 = 5$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Рассчитаем суммарную массу всех нуклонов, составляющих ядро:</p><p>$M_{нуклонов} = Z \cdot m_p + N \cdot m_n$</p><p>$M_{нуклонов} = 4 \cdot 1,0073 + 5 \cdot 1,0087 = 4,0292 + 5,0435 = 9,0727 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Найдем дефект масс $\Delta m$. Это разница между суммарной массой нуклонов и массой самого ядра:</p><p>$\Delta m = M_{нуклонов} - M_я$</p><p>$\Delta m = 9,0727 - 9,01219 = 0,06051 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Рассчитаем энергию связи, умножив дефект масс на энергетический эквивалент атомной единицы массы (931,5 МэВ/а.е.м.):</p><p>$E_{св} = \Delta m \cdot 931,5 \text{ МэВ/а.е.м.}$</p><p>$E_{св} = 0,06051 \cdot 931,5 \approx 56,366 \text{ МэВ}$</p><p>Округлим результат до сотых.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $E_{св} \approx 56,37 \text{ МэВ}$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1730720 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Состав ядра определяется его массовым числом $\text{A}$ (верхний индекс) и зарядовым числом $\text{Z}$ (нижний индекс). Для изотопа углерода $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$:</p><p>Зарядовое число $Z = 6$. Оно равно количеству протонов в ядре. Таким образом, в ядре 6 протонов.</p><p>Массовое число $A = 12$. Оно равно суммарному количеству протонов и нейтронов (нуклонов) в ядре.</p><p>Количество нейтронов $\text{N}$ можно найти по формуле $N = A - Z$.</p><p>$N = 12 - 6 = 6$.</p><p>Следовательно, ядро изотопа углерода $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$ состоит из 6 протонов и 6 нейтронов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Ядро $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$ состоит из 6 протонов и 6 нейтронов.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Ядерная реакция описывает взаимодействие атомных ядер и элементарных частиц. В данной реакции изотоп алюминия $_{13}^{27}\text{Al}$ бомбардируется $\alpha$-частицами (ядрами гелия $_{2}^{4}\text{He}$), в результате чего образуется изотоп фосфора $_{15}^{30}\text{P}$ и еще одна частица, которую мы обозначим как $_{Z}^{A}\text{X}$.</p><p>Запишем схему реакции:</p><p>$_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{Z}^{A}\text{X}$</p><p>Для определения неизвестной частицы используем законы сохранения массового и зарядового чисел.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Закон сохранения массового числа (сумма верхних индексов слева и справа должна быть одинаковой):</em></p><p>$27 + 4 = 30 + A$</p><p>$31 = 30 + A$</p><p>$A = 1$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Закон сохранения зарядового числа (сумма нижних индексов слева и справа должна быть одинаковой):</em></p><p>$13 + 2 = 15 + Z$</p><p>$15 = 15 + Z$</p><p>$Z = 0$</p><p>Частица с массовым числом $A=1$ и зарядовым числом $Z=0$ является нейтроном ($_{0}^{1}\text{n}$).</p><p>Таким образом, полная ядерная реакция выглядит следующим образом:</p><p>$_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{0}^{1}\text{n}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{0}^{1}\text{n}$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Изотоп бериллия: $_{4}^{9}\text{Be}$</p><p>Масса протона: $m_p = 1,0073 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p>Масса нейтрона: $m_n = 1,0087 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p>Масса ядра изотопа бериллия: $M_я = 9,01219 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p>Энергетический эквивалент массы: $1 \text{ а. е. м.} = 931,5 \text{ МэВ}$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Энергию связи ядра $E_{св}$</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Энергия связи ядра — это энергия, которую необходимо затратить, чтобы расщепить ядро на составляющие его нуклоны (протоны и нейтроны). Она равна энергии, соответствующей дефекту масс, согласно формуле Эйнштейна $E = mc^2$.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Определим состав ядра бериллия $_{4}^{9}\text{Be}$:</p><p>Число протонов $Z = 4$.</p><p>Число нейтронов $N = A - Z = 9 - 4 = 5$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Рассчитаем суммарную массу всех нуклонов, составляющих ядро:</p><p>$M_{нуклонов} = Z \cdot m_p + N \cdot m_n$</p><p>$M_{нуклонов} = 4 \cdot 1,0073 + 5 \cdot 1,0087 = 4,0292 + 5,0435 = 9,0727 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Найдем дефект масс $\Delta m$. Это разница между суммарной массой нуклонов и массой самого ядра:</p><p>$\Delta m = M_{нуклонов} - M_я$</p><p>$\Delta m = 9,0727 - 9,01219 = 0,06051 \text{ а. е. м.}$</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Рассчитаем энергию связи, умножив дефект масс на энергетический эквивалент атомной единицы массы (931,5 МэВ/а.е.м.):</p><p>$E_{св} = \Delta m \cdot 931,5 \text{ МэВ/а.е.м.}$</p><p>$E_{св} = 0,06051 \cdot 931,5 \approx 56,366 \text{ МэВ}$</p><p>Округлим результат до сотых.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $E_{св} \approx 56,37 \text{ МэВ}$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428704" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428702" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1033} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1428978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-87" "field_display_title" => "87" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "87" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1140 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1142 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1144 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1146 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1147 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false …22 } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1150 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1152 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1154 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1158 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1160 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1162 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображена башня" "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "674" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111414-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" "alt" => "" "width" => "1888" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1168 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 894 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "изображена башня" "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "674" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111414-0" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758533880" "alt" => "" "width" => "1888" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1171 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1683645 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1173 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "87-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1585" "height" => 2524 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/0-1/87-1.webp?ts=1758964766" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1683645 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "87-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1585" "height" => 2524 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/maron-dm/0-1/87-1.webp?ts=1758964766" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428979" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428977" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1180 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428701 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-1" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1189 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1229 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1231 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428702" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428700" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1138} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428701 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-1" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428702" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428700" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1240 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428702 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-2" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1189 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1246 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1248 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428701" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1138} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428702 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-2" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428701" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1251 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428703 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-3" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1189 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1257 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1259 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428704" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428702" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1138} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428703 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-3" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428704" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428702" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1262 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1428704 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-4" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1184 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1189 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1268 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1270 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428705" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1138} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428704 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-4" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428705" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428703" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1428978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-87" "field_display_title" => "87" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "87" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428979" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428977" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1428703 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp16-3" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428704" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428702" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1428978" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
Вариант 3 (с. 87)
Условие. Вариант 3 (с. 87)
скриншот условия
1. Каков состав ядра $`_{6}^{12}\text{C}`$?
2. При бомбардировке изотопа алюминия $`_{13}^{27}\text{Al}`$ $`\alpha`$-частицами образуется изотоп фосфора $`_{15}^{30}\text{P}`$. Напишите ядерную реакцию.
3. Рассчитайте энергию связи ядра изотопа бериллия $`_{4}^{9}\text{Be}`$. Масса протона 1,0073 а. е. м., масса нейтрона 1,0087 а. е. м., масса изотопа бериллия 9,01219 а. е. м.
Решение. Вариант 3 (с. 87)
1. Состав ядра определяется его массовым числом $\text{A}$ (верхний индекс) и зарядовым числом $\text{Z}$ (нижний индекс). Для изотопа углерода $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$:
Зарядовое число $Z = 6$. Оно равно количеству протонов в ядре. Таким образом, в ядре 6 протонов.
Массовое число $A = 12$. Оно равно суммарному количеству протонов и нейтронов (нуклонов) в ядре.
Количество нейтронов $\text{N}$ можно найти по формуле $N = A - Z$.
$N = 12 - 6 = 6$.
Следовательно, ядро изотопа углерода $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$ состоит из 6 протонов и 6 нейтронов.
Ответ: Ядро $_{6}^{12}\text{C}$ состоит из 6 протонов и 6 нейтронов.
2. Ядерная реакция описывает взаимодействие атомных ядер и элементарных частиц. В данной реакции изотоп алюминия $_{13}^{27}\text{Al}$ бомбардируется $\alpha$-частицами (ядрами гелия $_{2}^{4}\text{He}$), в результате чего образуется изотоп фосфора $_{15}^{30}\text{P}$ и еще одна частица, которую мы обозначим как $_{Z}^{A}\text{X}$.
Запишем схему реакции:
$_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{Z}^{A}\text{X}$
Для определения неизвестной частицы используем законы сохранения массового и зарядового чисел.
1. Закон сохранения массового числа (сумма верхних индексов слева и справа должна быть одинаковой):
$27 + 4 = 30 + A$
$31 = 30 + A$
$A = 1$
2. Закон сохранения зарядового числа (сумма нижних индексов слева и справа должна быть одинаковой):
$13 + 2 = 15 + Z$
$15 = 15 + Z$
$Z = 0$
Частица с массовым числом $A=1$ и зарядовым числом $Z=0$ является нейтроном ($_{0}^{1}\text{n}$).
Таким образом, полная ядерная реакция выглядит следующим образом:
$_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{0}^{1}\text{n}$
Ответ: $_{13}^{27}\text{Al} + _{2}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow _{15}^{30}\text{P} + _{0}^{1}\text{n}$.
3. Дано:
Изотоп бериллия: $_{4}^{9}\text{Be}$
Масса протона: $m_p = 1,0073 \text{ а. е. м.}$
Масса нейтрона: $m_n = 1,0087 \text{ а. е. м.}$
Масса ядра изотопа бериллия: $M_я = 9,01219 \text{ а. е. м.}$
Энергетический эквивалент массы: $1 \text{ а. е. м.} = 931,5 \text{ МэВ}$
Найти:
Энергию связи ядра $E_{св}$
Решение:
Энергия связи ядра — это энергия, которую необходимо затратить, чтобы расщепить ядро на составляющие его нуклоны (протоны и нейтроны). Она равна энергии, соответствующей дефекту масс, согласно формуле Эйнштейна $E = mc^2$.
1. Определим состав ядра бериллия $_{4}^{9}\text{Be}$:
Число протонов $Z = 4$.
Число нейтронов $N = A - Z = 9 - 4 = 5$.
2. Рассчитаем суммарную массу всех нуклонов, составляющих ядро:
$M_{нуклонов} = Z \cdot m_p + N \cdot m_n$
$M_{нуклонов} = 4 \cdot 1,0073 + 5 \cdot 1,0087 = 4,0292 + 5,0435 = 9,0727 \text{ а. е. м.}$
3. Найдем дефект масс $\Delta m$. Это разница между суммарной массой нуклонов и массой самого ядра:
$\Delta m = M_{нуклонов} - M_я$
$\Delta m = 9,0727 - 9,01219 = 0,06051 \text{ а. е. м.}$
4. Рассчитаем энергию связи, умножив дефект масс на энергетический эквивалент атомной единицы массы (931,5 МэВ/а.е.м.):
$E_{св} = \Delta m \cdot 931,5 \text{ МэВ/а.е.м.}$
$E_{св} = 0,06051 \cdot 931,5 \approx 56,366 \text{ МэВ}$
Округлим результат до сотых.
Ответ: $E_{св} \approx 56,37 \text{ МэВ}$.
Другие задания:
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