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Вариант 8, страница 64 - гдз по физике 8 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон
Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.
Тип: Дидактические материалы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2022 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый
ISBN: 978-5-09-111138-5
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Самостоятельные работы. СР-1. Внутренняя энергия - страница 64.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-8" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] …12 } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1048 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1127 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-1. Внутренняя энергия" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-1. Внутренняя энергия" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1760831 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1099 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 8</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Почему для изготовления покрышек автомобильных колёс используется специальная резина, не размягчающаяся и не теряющая прочности даже при температуре $100°C$ и выше?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему коньки плохо скользят по льду в сильный мороз?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Часть энергии мотора автомобиля расходуется на преодоление сопротивления воздуха. В какой вид энергии она при этом превращается?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "8-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1453" "height" => 637 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp01/8-1.webp?ts=1760803259" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1760831 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 8</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Почему для изготовления покрышек автомобильных колёс используется специальная резина, не размягчающаяся и не теряющая прочности даже при температуре $100°C$ и выше?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему коньки плохо скользят по льду в сильный мороз?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Часть энергии мотора автомобиля расходуется на преодоление сопротивления воздуха. В какой вид энергии она при этом превращается?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "8-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1453" "height" => 637 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp01/8-1.webp?ts=1760803259" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1820246 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1091 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> При движении автомобиля его покрышки сильно нагреваются из-за трения о дорожное покрытие, а также из-за внутреннего трения в материале самой покрышки, которая постоянно деформируется при вращении. При интенсивном движении или торможении температура может легко превысить 100 °C. Обычная резина при такой температуре размягчилась бы и потеряла прочность, что привело бы к ее быстрому разрушению и создало бы аварийную ситуацию. Поэтому для автомобильных покрышек используется специальная термостойкая резина. В процессе вулканизации и с добавлением специальных наполнителей (например, технического углерода) в ней создается прочная пространственная структура. Эта структура позволяет резине сохранять свои механические свойства — прочность, эластичность, износостойкость — в широком диапазоне температур, обеспечивая безопасность движения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Автомобильные покрышки при движении сильно нагреваются из-за трения. Чтобы они не размягчались и не разрушались при высоких температурах, для их изготовления используется специальная термостойкая резина, сохраняющая свои свойства при нагреве.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Хорошее скольжение коньков по льду обеспечивается тонким слоем жидкой воды между лезвием и льдом, который действует как смазка, значительно уменьшая трение. Этот слой образуется в основном за счет двух эффектов: плавления льда под высоким давлением лезвия и нагрева от трения при скольжении. В сильный мороз, при очень низких температурах, эти механизмы перестают эффективно работать. Давления, создаваемого конькобежцем, уже недостаточно, чтобы растопить очень холодный лед. Тепла, выделяющегося от трения, также не хватает, а та вода, что может образоваться, мгновенно замерзает обратно. Без смазывающего слоя жидкой воды лезвие скользит по твердому, сухому льду. Трение при этом значительно возрастает, и скольжение ухудшается.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В сильный мороз давление конька и тепло от трения недостаточны для образования устойчивого слоя жидкой воды под лезвием, который служит смазкой. Без этой водяной прослойки трение между коньком и льдом значительно возрастает, что и приводит к плохому скольжению.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Механическая энергия, которую двигатель автомобиля тратит на преодоление сопротивления воздуха, передается частицам этого воздуха. Автомобиль приводит воздух в движение, создавая потоки и турбулентные вихри, то есть сообщает воздуху кинетическую энергию. Далее, из-за вязкости воздуха (внутреннего трения в газе) это упорядоченное движение воздушных масс быстро превращается в хаотическое, тепловое движение отдельных молекул. Такое хаотическое движение молекул и есть внутренняя энергия вещества. Таким образом, работа по преодолению сопротивления воздуха в конечном итоге переходит во внутреннюю энергию окружающего воздуха, то есть рассеивается в виде тепла. Незначительная часть энергии также превращается в энергию звуковых волн (шум).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Энергия, расходуемая на преодоление сопротивления воздуха, превращается во внутреннюю энергию окружающего воздуха (в тепло) и частично в энергию звуковых волн.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1820246 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> При движении автомобиля его покрышки сильно нагреваются из-за трения о дорожное покрытие, а также из-за внутреннего трения в материале самой покрышки, которая постоянно деформируется при вращении. При интенсивном движении или торможении температура может легко превысить 100 °C. Обычная резина при такой температуре размягчилась бы и потеряла прочность, что привело бы к ее быстрому разрушению и создало бы аварийную ситуацию. Поэтому для автомобильных покрышек используется специальная термостойкая резина. В процессе вулканизации и с добавлением специальных наполнителей (например, технического углерода) в ней создается прочная пространственная структура. Эта структура позволяет резине сохранять свои механические свойства — прочность, эластичность, износостойкость — в широком диапазоне температур, обеспечивая безопасность движения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Автомобильные покрышки при движении сильно нагреваются из-за трения. Чтобы они не размягчались и не разрушались при высоких температурах, для их изготовления используется специальная термостойкая резина, сохраняющая свои свойства при нагреве.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Хорошее скольжение коньков по льду обеспечивается тонким слоем жидкой воды между лезвием и льдом, который действует как смазка, значительно уменьшая трение. Этот слой образуется в основном за счет двух эффектов: плавления льда под высоким давлением лезвия и нагрева от трения при скольжении. В сильный мороз, при очень низких температурах, эти механизмы перестают эффективно работать. Давления, создаваемого конькобежцем, уже недостаточно, чтобы растопить очень холодный лед. Тепла, выделяющегося от трения, также не хватает, а та вода, что может образоваться, мгновенно замерзает обратно. Без смазывающего слоя жидкой воды лезвие скользит по твердому, сухому льду. Трение при этом значительно возрастает, и скольжение ухудшается.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В сильный мороз давление конька и тепло от трения недостаточны для образования устойчивого слоя жидкой воды под лезвием, который служит смазкой. Без этой водяной прослойки трение между коньком и льдом значительно возрастает, что и приводит к плохому скольжению.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Механическая энергия, которую двигатель автомобиля тратит на преодоление сопротивления воздуха, передается частицам этого воздуха. Автомобиль приводит воздух в движение, создавая потоки и турбулентные вихри, то есть сообщает воздуху кинетическую энергию. Далее, из-за вязкости воздуха (внутреннего трения в газе) это упорядоченное движение воздушных масс быстро превращается в хаотическое, тепловое движение отдельных молекул. Такое хаотическое движение молекул и есть внутренняя энергия вещества. Таким образом, работа по преодолению сопротивления воздуха в конечном итоге переходит во внутреннюю энергию окружающего воздуха, то есть рассеивается в виде тепла. Незначительная часть энергии также превращается в энергию звуковых волн (шум).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Энергия, расходуемая на преодоление сопротивления воздуха, превращается во внутреннюю энергию окружающего воздуха (в тепло) и частично в энергию звуковых волн.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470258" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470256" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1469668 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-64" "field_display_title" => "64" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "64" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1761548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "64-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1620" "height" => 2544 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-1/64-1.webp?ts=1760805564" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1761548 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "64-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1620" "height" => 2544 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-1/64-1.webp?ts=1760805564" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469667" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1265 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470256 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "63" "field_page_end" => "64" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-7" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 7" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1280 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1282 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470255" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469667" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470256 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "63" "field_page_end" => "64" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-7" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 7" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470255" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469667" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1272 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-8" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470258" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470256" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-8" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470258" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470256" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1284 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470258 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-9" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1299 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1301 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470259" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470258 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-9" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470259" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470257" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1291 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470259 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-10" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1311 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1313 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470260" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470258" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470259 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-10" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470260" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470258" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1303 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470260 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => "65" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-1" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1357 …30} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1361 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1340 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1339 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470261" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470259" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1343 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470260 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => "65" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-1" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470261" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470259" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1343} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1469668 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-64" "field_display_title" => "64" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "64" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469667" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470257 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp01-8" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470258" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470256" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
Вариант 8 (с. 64)
Условие. Вариант 8 (с. 64)
скриншот условия
Вариант 8
1. Почему для изготовления покрышек автомобильных колёс используется специальная резина, не размягчающаяся и не теряющая прочности даже при температуре $100°C$ и выше?
2. Почему коньки плохо скользят по льду в сильный мороз?
3. Часть энергии мотора автомобиля расходуется на преодоление сопротивления воздуха. В какой вид энергии она при этом превращается?
Решение. Вариант 8 (с. 64)
1. При движении автомобиля его покрышки сильно нагреваются из-за трения о дорожное покрытие, а также из-за внутреннего трения в материале самой покрышки, которая постоянно деформируется при вращении. При интенсивном движении или торможении температура может легко превысить 100 °C. Обычная резина при такой температуре размягчилась бы и потеряла прочность, что привело бы к ее быстрому разрушению и создало бы аварийную ситуацию. Поэтому для автомобильных покрышек используется специальная термостойкая резина. В процессе вулканизации и с добавлением специальных наполнителей (например, технического углерода) в ней создается прочная пространственная структура. Эта структура позволяет резине сохранять свои механические свойства — прочность, эластичность, износостойкость — в широком диапазоне температур, обеспечивая безопасность движения.
Ответ: Автомобильные покрышки при движении сильно нагреваются из-за трения. Чтобы они не размягчались и не разрушались при высоких температурах, для их изготовления используется специальная термостойкая резина, сохраняющая свои свойства при нагреве.
2. Хорошее скольжение коньков по льду обеспечивается тонким слоем жидкой воды между лезвием и льдом, который действует как смазка, значительно уменьшая трение. Этот слой образуется в основном за счет двух эффектов: плавления льда под высоким давлением лезвия и нагрева от трения при скольжении. В сильный мороз, при очень низких температурах, эти механизмы перестают эффективно работать. Давления, создаваемого конькобежцем, уже недостаточно, чтобы растопить очень холодный лед. Тепла, выделяющегося от трения, также не хватает, а та вода, что может образоваться, мгновенно замерзает обратно. Без смазывающего слоя жидкой воды лезвие скользит по твердому, сухому льду. Трение при этом значительно возрастает, и скольжение ухудшается.
Ответ: В сильный мороз давление конька и тепло от трения недостаточны для образования устойчивого слоя жидкой воды под лезвием, который служит смазкой. Без этой водяной прослойки трение между коньком и льдом значительно возрастает, что и приводит к плохому скольжению.
3. Механическая энергия, которую двигатель автомобиля тратит на преодоление сопротивления воздуха, передается частицам этого воздуха. Автомобиль приводит воздух в движение, создавая потоки и турбулентные вихри, то есть сообщает воздуху кинетическую энергию. Далее, из-за вязкости воздуха (внутреннего трения в газе) это упорядоченное движение воздушных масс быстро превращается в хаотическое, тепловое движение отдельных молекул. Такое хаотическое движение молекул и есть внутренняя энергия вещества. Таким образом, работа по преодолению сопротивления воздуха в конечном итоге переходит во внутреннюю энергию окружающего воздуха, то есть рассеивается в виде тепла. Незначительная часть энергии также превращается в энергию звуковых волн (шум).
Ответ: Энергия, расходуемая на преодоление сопротивления воздуха, превращается во внутреннюю энергию окружающего воздуха (в тепло) и частично в энергию звуковых волн.
Другие задания:
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