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Вариант 5, страница 65 - гдз по физике 8 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон
Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.
Тип: Дидактические материалы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2022 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый
ISBN: 978-5-09-111138-5
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Самостоятельные работы. СР-2. Виды теплопередачи - страница 65.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] …24 } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1048 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1127 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-2. Виды теплопередачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "64" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-2. Виды теплопередачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_page_start" => "64" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1760838 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1099 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470264" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 5</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> В каком доме — деревянном или кирпичном — теплее, если толщина стен одинаковая?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> В летний день воздух в густом лесу сильнее нагрет среди крон деревьев, чем у поверхности земли. Ночью же температура воздуха здесь ниже. Почему?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Два одинаковых термометра выставлены на солнце. Резервуар для ртути одного из них закопчён. Одинаковую ли температуру покажут термометры?</p>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1416" "height" => 449 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp02/5-1.webp?ts=1760803259" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1466" "height" => 269 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp02/5-2.webp?ts=1760803259" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1760838 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470264" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 5</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> В каком доме — деревянном или кирпичном — теплее, если толщина стен одинаковая?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> В летний день воздух в густом лесу сильнее нагрет среди крон деревьев, чем у поверхности земли. Ночью же температура воздуха здесь ниже. Почему?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Два одинаковых термометра выставлены на солнце. Резервуар для ртути одного из них закопчён. Одинаковую ли температуру покажут термометры?</p>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1416" "height" => 449 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp02/5-1.webp?ts=1760803259" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1466" "height" => 269 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp02/5-2.webp?ts=1760803259" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1820253 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1091 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470264" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Теплее будет в деревянном доме. Это связано с тем, что дерево обладает меньшей теплопроводностью по сравнению с кирпичом. Коэффициент теплопроводности древесины (например, сосны) составляет примерно $0.1-0.2 \frac{Вт}{м \cdot К}$, в то время как для полнотелого керамического кирпича он равен примерно $0.6-0.8 \frac{Вт}{м \cdot К}$. Низкая теплопроводность означает, что материал является хорошим теплоизолятором, то есть он хуже проводит тепло. Следовательно, при одинаковой толщине стен деревянный дом будет медленнее терять тепло зимой и медленнее нагреваться от жары летом, обеспечивая более комфортную и стабильную температуру внутри. <strong>Ответ:</strong> Теплее будет в деревянном доме.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Это явление объясняется особенностями поглощения и излучения тепловой энергии в лесу на разных уровнях.<br><em>Днём:</em> Густые кроны деревьев поглощают основную часть солнечного излучения, из-за чего листья и ветви сильно нагреваются. Воздух, находящийся среди крон, нагревается от них путем теплопроводности и конвекции. Поверхность земли при этом находится в тени и получает значительно меньше солнечного света, поэтому остается прохладной, как и приземный слой воздуха. Плотная листва также ослабляет циркуляцию воздуха, что способствует удержанию нагретого воздуха в верхней части лесного полога.<br><em>Ночью:</em> С заходом солнца основной источник тепла исчезает. Кроны деревьев, имея большую площадь поверхности, активно излучают тепло в окружающее пространство и быстро остывают, их температура может стать даже ниже температуры воздуха. Поверхность земли также остывает за счет излучения, но кроны деревьев играют роль экрана, который частично задерживает уходящее от земли тепловое излучение, замедляя ее остывание. В результате воздух среди охлажденных крон становится холоднее, чем воздух у более теплой поверхности земли. <strong>Ответ:</strong> Днем кроны деревьев поглощают солнечное излучение и нагреваются сильнее, чем затененная земля. Ночью кроны деревьев активно излучают тепло и остывают быстрее, чем земля, которая защищена от потерь тепла лесным пологом.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Термометры покажут разную температуру. Закопчённый резервуар имеет чёрный цвет. Чёрные поверхности поглощают практически всё падающее на них излучение, в то время как блестящие и светлые поверхности большую его часть отражают. Поэтому закопчённый термометр будет поглощать солнечное излучение гораздо интенсивнее, чем обычный термометр с блестящим ртутным резервуаром. В результате поглощения большего количества энергии внутренняя энергия ртути в закопчённом термометре увеличится сильнее, и он покажет более высокую температуру. Следует отметить, что ни один из термометров, находящихся под прямыми солнечными лучами, не покажет истинную температуру воздуха. Они будут измерять собственную температуру, которая зависит от баланса между поглощенной солнечной радиацией и теплообменом с окружающим воздухом. <strong>Ответ:</strong> Нет, термометры покажут разную температуру. Закопчённый термометр покажет более высокую температуру.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1820253 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470264" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Теплее будет в деревянном доме. Это связано с тем, что дерево обладает меньшей теплопроводностью по сравнению с кирпичом. Коэффициент теплопроводности древесины (например, сосны) составляет примерно $0.1-0.2 \frac{Вт}{м \cdot К}$, в то время как для полнотелого керамического кирпича он равен примерно $0.6-0.8 \frac{Вт}{м \cdot К}$. Низкая теплопроводность означает, что материал является хорошим теплоизолятором, то есть он хуже проводит тепло. Следовательно, при одинаковой толщине стен деревянный дом будет медленнее терять тепло зимой и медленнее нагреваться от жары летом, обеспечивая более комфортную и стабильную температуру внутри. <strong>Ответ:</strong> Теплее будет в деревянном доме.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Это явление объясняется особенностями поглощения и излучения тепловой энергии в лесу на разных уровнях.<br><em>Днём:</em> Густые кроны деревьев поглощают основную часть солнечного излучения, из-за чего листья и ветви сильно нагреваются. Воздух, находящийся среди крон, нагревается от них путем теплопроводности и конвекции. Поверхность земли при этом находится в тени и получает значительно меньше солнечного света, поэтому остается прохладной, как и приземный слой воздуха. Плотная листва также ослабляет циркуляцию воздуха, что способствует удержанию нагретого воздуха в верхней части лесного полога.<br><em>Ночью:</em> С заходом солнца основной источник тепла исчезает. Кроны деревьев, имея большую площадь поверхности, активно излучают тепло в окружающее пространство и быстро остывают, их температура может стать даже ниже температуры воздуха. Поверхность земли также остывает за счет излучения, но кроны деревьев играют роль экрана, который частично задерживает уходящее от земли тепловое излучение, замедляя ее остывание. В результате воздух среди охлажденных крон становится холоднее, чем воздух у более теплой поверхности земли. <strong>Ответ:</strong> Днем кроны деревьев поглощают солнечное излучение и нагреваются сильнее, чем затененная земля. Ночью кроны деревьев активно излучают тепло и остывают быстрее, чем земля, которая защищена от потерь тепла лесным пологом.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Термометры покажут разную температуру. Закопчённый резервуар имеет чёрный цвет. Чёрные поверхности поглощают практически всё падающее на них излучение, в то время как блестящие и светлые поверхности большую его часть отражают. Поэтому закопчённый термометр будет поглощать солнечное излучение гораздо интенсивнее, чем обычный термометр с блестящим ртутным резервуаром. В результате поглощения большего количества энергии внутренняя энергия ртути в закопчённом термометре увеличится сильнее, и он покажет более высокую температуру. Следует отметить, что ни один из термометров, находящихся под прямыми солнечными лучами, не покажет истинную температуру воздуха. Они будут измерять собственную температуру, которая зависит от баланса между поглощенной солнечной радиацией и теплообменом с окружающим воздухом. <strong>Ответ:</strong> Нет, термометры покажут разную температуру. Закопчённый термометр покажет более высокую температуру.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470265" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470263" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1469669 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-65" "field_display_title" => "65" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "65" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1761549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "65-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1593" "height" => 2527 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-1/65-1.webp?ts=1760805564" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1761549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "65-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1593" "height" => 2527 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-1/65-1.webp?ts=1760805564" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469670" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1265 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470260 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => "65" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-1" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1280 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1282 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470261" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470259" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470260 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "64" "field_page_end" => "65" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-1" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470261" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470259" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1272 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470261 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-2" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1292 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1294 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470262" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470260" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470261 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-2" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470262" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470260" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1284 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-3" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1304 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1306 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470263" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470261" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-3" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470263" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470261" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1296 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-4" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1316 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1318 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470264" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470262" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-4" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470264" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470262" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1308 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1312 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470265" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470263" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1312} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470265" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470263" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1469669 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-65" "field_display_title" => "65" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "65" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469670" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469668" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470265" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470263" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
Вариант 5 (с. 65)
Условие. Вариант 5 (с. 65)
скриншот условия
Вариант 5
1. В каком доме — деревянном или кирпичном — теплее, если толщина стен одинаковая?
2. В летний день воздух в густом лесу сильнее нагрет среди крон деревьев, чем у поверхности земли. Ночью же температура воздуха здесь ниже. Почему?
3. Два одинаковых термометра выставлены на солнце. Резервуар для ртути одного из них закопчён. Одинаковую ли температуру покажут термометры?
Решение. Вариант 5 (с. 65)
1. Теплее будет в деревянном доме. Это связано с тем, что дерево обладает меньшей теплопроводностью по сравнению с кирпичом. Коэффициент теплопроводности древесины (например, сосны) составляет примерно $0.1-0.2 \frac{Вт}{м \cdot К}$, в то время как для полнотелого керамического кирпича он равен примерно $0.6-0.8 \frac{Вт}{м \cdot К}$. Низкая теплопроводность означает, что материал является хорошим теплоизолятором, то есть он хуже проводит тепло. Следовательно, при одинаковой толщине стен деревянный дом будет медленнее терять тепло зимой и медленнее нагреваться от жары летом, обеспечивая более комфортную и стабильную температуру внутри. Ответ: Теплее будет в деревянном доме.
2. Это явление объясняется особенностями поглощения и излучения тепловой энергии в лесу на разных уровнях.
Днём: Густые кроны деревьев поглощают основную часть солнечного излучения, из-за чего листья и ветви сильно нагреваются. Воздух, находящийся среди крон, нагревается от них путем теплопроводности и конвекции. Поверхность земли при этом находится в тени и получает значительно меньше солнечного света, поэтому остается прохладной, как и приземный слой воздуха. Плотная листва также ослабляет циркуляцию воздуха, что способствует удержанию нагретого воздуха в верхней части лесного полога.
Ночью: С заходом солнца основной источник тепла исчезает. Кроны деревьев, имея большую площадь поверхности, активно излучают тепло в окружающее пространство и быстро остывают, их температура может стать даже ниже температуры воздуха. Поверхность земли также остывает за счет излучения, но кроны деревьев играют роль экрана, который частично задерживает уходящее от земли тепловое излучение, замедляя ее остывание. В результате воздух среди охлажденных крон становится холоднее, чем воздух у более теплой поверхности земли. Ответ: Днем кроны деревьев поглощают солнечное излучение и нагреваются сильнее, чем затененная земля. Ночью кроны деревьев активно излучают тепло и остывают быстрее, чем земля, которая защищена от потерь тепла лесным пологом.
3. Термометры покажут разную температуру. Закопчённый резервуар имеет чёрный цвет. Чёрные поверхности поглощают практически всё падающее на них излучение, в то время как блестящие и светлые поверхности большую его часть отражают. Поэтому закопчённый термометр будет поглощать солнечное излучение гораздо интенсивнее, чем обычный термометр с блестящим ртутным резервуаром. В результате поглощения большего количества энергии внутренняя энергия ртути в закопчённом термометре увеличится сильнее, и он покажет более высокую температуру. Следует отметить, что ни один из термометров, находящихся под прямыми солнечными лучами, не покажет истинную температуру воздуха. Они будут измерять собственную температуру, которая зависит от баланса между поглощенной солнечной радиацией и теплообменом с окружающим воздухом. Ответ: Нет, термометры покажут разную температуру. Закопчённый термометр покажет более высокую температуру.
Другие задания:
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