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Вариант 7, страница 66 - гдз по физике 8 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон
Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.
Тип: Дидактические материалы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2022 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый
ISBN: 978-5-09-111138-5
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Самостоятельные работы. СР-2. Виды теплопередачи - страница 66.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470266 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-7" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-2. Виды теплопередачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "64" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_book_type" => 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=> null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1142 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null 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Виды теплопередачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_page_start" => "64" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1157 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1760840 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470266" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 7</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в одежде из синтетической ткани в холодную погоду прохладнее, а в жару теплее, чем в шерстяной?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему зимой даже от хорошо заклеенных окон веет холодом?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В каком чайнике — белом или тёмном — горячая вода дольше сохраняется? В каком чайнике она быстрее закипает?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "7-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1433" "height" => 530 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp02/7-1.webp?ts=1760803259" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1760840 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470266" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 7</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в одежде из синтетической ткани в холодную погоду прохладнее, а в жару теплее, чем в шерстяной?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему зимой даже от хорошо заклеенных окон веет холодом?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В каком чайнике — белом или тёмном — горячая вода дольше сохраняется? В каком чайнике она быстрее закипает?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "7-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1433" "height" => 530 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp02/7-1.webp?ts=1760803259" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1164 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1820255 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1165 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470266" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в одежде из синтетической ткани в холодную погоду прохладнее, а в жару теплее, чем в шерстяной?</p><p>Разница в ощущениях от синтетической и шерстяной одежды связана с их способностью удерживать тепло и пропускать влагу.</p><p>Шерстяная ткань имеет пористую структуру, волокна которой удерживают много воздуха. Воздух является плохим проводником тепла, поэтому слой воздуха, заключенный в шерстяной ткани, создает эффективную теплоизоляцию. В холодную погоду это помогает сохранить тепло тела. Кроме того, шерсть хорошо впитывает влагу (пот), оставаясь на ощупь сухой, и позволяет ей испаряться, что способствует терморегуляции.</p><p>Синтетические ткани (например, полиэстер или нейлон) состоят из гладких волокон, которые не могут удерживать много воздуха. Из-за этого их теплоизоляционные свойства хуже, и в холодную погоду тепло тела уходит быстрее, вызывая ощущение прохлады. В жаркую погоду синтетика плохо впитывает влагу. Пот остается на коже, создавая влажную пленку между телом и одеждой. Это мешает естественному процессу охлаждения тела через испарение, из-за чего в синтетической одежде становится жарко и душно.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В холодную погоду в синтетике прохладнее из-за её низкой теплоизоляции, а в жару теплее, потому что она не впитывает пот и мешает охлаждению тела.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему зимой даже от хорошо заклеенных окон веет холодом?</p><p>Ощущение холода от герметично закрытого окна зимой возникает из-за двух основных физических процессов: конвекции и теплового излучения.</p><p>Во-первых, стекло окна, контактируя с холодным уличным воздухом, сильно охлаждается. Внутренний воздух в комнате, соприкасаясь с холодной поверхностью стекла, также остывает. Охлажденный воздух становится плотнее и тяжелее теплого, поэтому он опускается вниз. На его место поднимается более теплый воздух из комнаты, который, в свою очередь, охлаждается и опускается. Этот непрерывный циркулирующий поток холодного воздуха вдоль окна называется конвекцией. Когда мы находимся рядом с окном, мы ощущаем это движение воздуха как холодный сквозняк, хотя на самом деле щелей в окне нет.</p><p>Во-вторых, любое нагретое тело, включая человека, излучает тепло в виде инфракрасных волн. Когда человек находится рядом с холодным окном, его тело отдает значительно больше тепла в сторону холодной стеклянной поверхности, чем получает от нее. Эта односторонняя потеря тепла через излучение создает дополнительное ощущение холода.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> От окна веет холодом из-за конвекционных потоков (холодный воздух опускается вдоль стекла) и из-за того, что наше тело теряет тепло путем излучения в сторону холодной поверхности окна.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В каком чайнике — белом или тёмном — горячая вода дольше сохраняется? В каком чайнике она быстрее закипает?</p><p>Ответ на этот вопрос связан со способностью поверхностей разного цвета поглощать и излучать тепло.</p><p><em>Сохранение горячей воды:</em><br>Горячий чайник остывает, отдавая тепло в окружающую среду, в основном за счет теплового излучения. Согласно законам физики, темные и матовые поверхности являются хорошими излучателями (и поглотителями) тепла, в то время как светлые и блестящие поверхности излучают (и поглощают) тепло плохо. Чтобы вода дольше оставалась горячей, нужно минимизировать теплопотери. Белый (или блестящий) чайник будет излучать тепло медленнее, чем темный. Следовательно, в белом чайнике горячая вода будет сохраняться дольше.</p><p><em>Быстрое закипание воды:</em><br>Чтобы вода закипела, чайник должен эффективно поглощать тепло от внешнего источника (например, от пламени газовой плиты или электрической конфорки). Темные поверхности поглощают тепловое излучение гораздо лучше, чем светлые, которые большую его часть отражают. Поэтому темный чайник будет быстрее нагреваться и быстрее доводить воду до кипения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Горячая вода дольше сохраняется в белом чайнике, а быстрее закипает в тёмном чайнике.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1820255 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470266" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в одежде из синтетической ткани в холодную погоду прохладнее, а в жару теплее, чем в шерстяной?</p><p>Разница в ощущениях от синтетической и шерстяной одежды связана с их способностью удерживать тепло и пропускать влагу.</p><p>Шерстяная ткань имеет пористую структуру, волокна которой удерживают много воздуха. Воздух является плохим проводником тепла, поэтому слой воздуха, заключенный в шерстяной ткани, создает эффективную теплоизоляцию. В холодную погоду это помогает сохранить тепло тела. Кроме того, шерсть хорошо впитывает влагу (пот), оставаясь на ощупь сухой, и позволяет ей испаряться, что способствует терморегуляции.</p><p>Синтетические ткани (например, полиэстер или нейлон) состоят из гладких волокон, которые не могут удерживать много воздуха. Из-за этого их теплоизоляционные свойства хуже, и в холодную погоду тепло тела уходит быстрее, вызывая ощущение прохлады. В жаркую погоду синтетика плохо впитывает влагу. Пот остается на коже, создавая влажную пленку между телом и одеждой. Это мешает естественному процессу охлаждения тела через испарение, из-за чего в синтетической одежде становится жарко и душно.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В холодную погоду в синтетике прохладнее из-за её низкой теплоизоляции, а в жару теплее, потому что она не впитывает пот и мешает охлаждению тела.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему зимой даже от хорошо заклеенных окон веет холодом?</p><p>Ощущение холода от герметично закрытого окна зимой возникает из-за двух основных физических процессов: конвекции и теплового излучения.</p><p>Во-первых, стекло окна, контактируя с холодным уличным воздухом, сильно охлаждается. Внутренний воздух в комнате, соприкасаясь с холодной поверхностью стекла, также остывает. Охлажденный воздух становится плотнее и тяжелее теплого, поэтому он опускается вниз. На его место поднимается более теплый воздух из комнаты, который, в свою очередь, охлаждается и опускается. Этот непрерывный циркулирующий поток холодного воздуха вдоль окна называется конвекцией. Когда мы находимся рядом с окном, мы ощущаем это движение воздуха как холодный сквозняк, хотя на самом деле щелей в окне нет.</p><p>Во-вторых, любое нагретое тело, включая человека, излучает тепло в виде инфракрасных волн. Когда человек находится рядом с холодным окном, его тело отдает значительно больше тепла в сторону холодной стеклянной поверхности, чем получает от нее. Эта односторонняя потеря тепла через излучение создает дополнительное ощущение холода.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> От окна веет холодом из-за конвекционных потоков (холодный воздух опускается вдоль стекла) и из-за того, что наше тело теряет тепло путем излучения в сторону холодной поверхности окна.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В каком чайнике — белом или тёмном — горячая вода дольше сохраняется? В каком чайнике она быстрее закипает?</p><p>Ответ на этот вопрос связан со способностью поверхностей разного цвета поглощать и излучать тепло.</p><p><em>Сохранение горячей воды:</em><br>Горячий чайник остывает, отдавая тепло в окружающую среду, в основном за счет теплового излучения. Согласно законам физики, темные и матовые поверхности являются хорошими излучателями (и поглотителями) тепла, в то время как светлые и блестящие поверхности излучают (и поглощают) тепло плохо. Чтобы вода дольше оставалась горячей, нужно минимизировать теплопотери. Белый (или блестящий) чайник будет излучать тепло медленнее, чем темный. Следовательно, в белом чайнике горячая вода будет сохраняться дольше.</p><p><em>Быстрое закипание воды:</em><br>Чтобы вода закипела, чайник должен эффективно поглощать тепло от внешнего источника (например, от пламени газовой плиты или электрической конфорки). Темные поверхности поглощают тепловое излучение гораздо лучше, чем светлые, которые большую его часть отражают. Поэтому темный чайник будет быстрее нагреваться и быстрее доводить воду до кипения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Горячая вода дольше сохраняется в белом чайнике, а быстрее закипает в тёмном чайнике.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470267" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470265" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1154 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: 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#hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1189 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1195 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1211 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1469670 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-66" "field_display_title" => "66" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "66" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1154} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1224 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1761550 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1761550 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469671" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469669" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1385 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1397 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1398 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1399 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1400 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1401 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1403 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1409 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "65" "field_page_end" => "66" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => "0" "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1398 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1399 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1400 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1401 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1403 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1409 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1404 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470265 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-6" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1402 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1411 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1407 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1405 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1406 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1421 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470265 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-6" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1402 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1411 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1407 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1405 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1406 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1421 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1416 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470266 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-7" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1408 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1423 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1419 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1417 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1420 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1418 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470266 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-7" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1408 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1423 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1419 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1417 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1420 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1418 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1428 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470267 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-8" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1429 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1430 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1431 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1432 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1434 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1440 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470267 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-8" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1429 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1430 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1431 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1432 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1434 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1440 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1435 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470268 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-9" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1433 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1442 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1438 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1436 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1437 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1452 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470268 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "66" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp02-9" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1433 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1442 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1438 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1436 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1437 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1452 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1447 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false 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Вариант 7 (с. 66)
Условие. Вариант 7 (с. 66)
скриншот условия
Вариант 7
1. Почему в одежде из синтетической ткани в холодную погоду прохладнее, а в жару теплее, чем в шерстяной?
2. Почему зимой даже от хорошо заклеенных окон веет холодом?
3. В каком чайнике — белом или тёмном — горячая вода дольше сохраняется? В каком чайнике она быстрее закипает?
Решение. Вариант 7 (с. 66)
1. Почему в одежде из синтетической ткани в холодную погоду прохладнее, а в жару теплее, чем в шерстяной?
Разница в ощущениях от синтетической и шерстяной одежды связана с их способностью удерживать тепло и пропускать влагу.
Шерстяная ткань имеет пористую структуру, волокна которой удерживают много воздуха. Воздух является плохим проводником тепла, поэтому слой воздуха, заключенный в шерстяной ткани, создает эффективную теплоизоляцию. В холодную погоду это помогает сохранить тепло тела. Кроме того, шерсть хорошо впитывает влагу (пот), оставаясь на ощупь сухой, и позволяет ей испаряться, что способствует терморегуляции.
Синтетические ткани (например, полиэстер или нейлон) состоят из гладких волокон, которые не могут удерживать много воздуха. Из-за этого их теплоизоляционные свойства хуже, и в холодную погоду тепло тела уходит быстрее, вызывая ощущение прохлады. В жаркую погоду синтетика плохо впитывает влагу. Пот остается на коже, создавая влажную пленку между телом и одеждой. Это мешает естественному процессу охлаждения тела через испарение, из-за чего в синтетической одежде становится жарко и душно.
Ответ: В холодную погоду в синтетике прохладнее из-за её низкой теплоизоляции, а в жару теплее, потому что она не впитывает пот и мешает охлаждению тела.
2. Почему зимой даже от хорошо заклеенных окон веет холодом?
Ощущение холода от герметично закрытого окна зимой возникает из-за двух основных физических процессов: конвекции и теплового излучения.
Во-первых, стекло окна, контактируя с холодным уличным воздухом, сильно охлаждается. Внутренний воздух в комнате, соприкасаясь с холодной поверхностью стекла, также остывает. Охлажденный воздух становится плотнее и тяжелее теплого, поэтому он опускается вниз. На его место поднимается более теплый воздух из комнаты, который, в свою очередь, охлаждается и опускается. Этот непрерывный циркулирующий поток холодного воздуха вдоль окна называется конвекцией. Когда мы находимся рядом с окном, мы ощущаем это движение воздуха как холодный сквозняк, хотя на самом деле щелей в окне нет.
Во-вторых, любое нагретое тело, включая человека, излучает тепло в виде инфракрасных волн. Когда человек находится рядом с холодным окном, его тело отдает значительно больше тепла в сторону холодной стеклянной поверхности, чем получает от нее. Эта односторонняя потеря тепла через излучение создает дополнительное ощущение холода.
Ответ: От окна веет холодом из-за конвекционных потоков (холодный воздух опускается вдоль стекла) и из-за того, что наше тело теряет тепло путем излучения в сторону холодной поверхности окна.
3. В каком чайнике — белом или тёмном — горячая вода дольше сохраняется? В каком чайнике она быстрее закипает?
Ответ на этот вопрос связан со способностью поверхностей разного цвета поглощать и излучать тепло.
Сохранение горячей воды:
Горячий чайник остывает, отдавая тепло в окружающую среду, в основном за счет теплового излучения. Согласно законам физики, темные и матовые поверхности являются хорошими излучателями (и поглотителями) тепла, в то время как светлые и блестящие поверхности излучают (и поглощают) тепло плохо. Чтобы вода дольше оставалась горячей, нужно минимизировать теплопотери. Белый (или блестящий) чайник будет излучать тепло медленнее, чем темный. Следовательно, в белом чайнике горячая вода будет сохраняться дольше.
Быстрое закипание воды:
Чтобы вода закипела, чайник должен эффективно поглощать тепло от внешнего источника (например, от пламени газовой плиты или электрической конфорки). Темные поверхности поглощают тепловое излучение гораздо лучше, чем светлые, которые большую его часть отражают. Поэтому темный чайник будет быстрее нагреваться и быстрее доводить воду до кипения.
Ответ: Горячая вода дольше сохраняется в белом чайнике, а быстрее закипает в тёмном чайнике.
Другие задания:
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