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Вариант 5, страница 74 - гдз по физике 8 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон
Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.
Тип: Дидактические материалы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2022 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый
ISBN: 978-5-09-111138-5
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Самостоятельные работы. СР-5. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение - страница 74.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470294 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "74" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/cp05-5" "field_display_title" => "Вариант 5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] …12 } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1048 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1127 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469778 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Самостоятельные работы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_page_start" => "62" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469783 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-5. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "73" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469783 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "СР-5. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_page_start" => "73" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1760868 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1099 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470294" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 5</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в холодных помещениях часто бывает сыро?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему, если подышать себе на руку, чувствуешь теплоту, а если подуть, то ощущаешь прохладу?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В чайнике было 2 кг воды при температуре $16 ^{\circ}\text{C}$. После того как воду нагрели до кипения и часть её испарилась, воды осталось 1,9 кг. Определите количество теплоты, которое израсходовано на получение кипятка. Начертите примерный график процессов, происходящих с водой.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1424" "height" => 639 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp05/5-1.webp?ts=1760803270" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1760868 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470294" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Вариант 5</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в холодных помещениях часто бывает сыро?</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему, если подышать себе на руку, чувствуешь теплоту, а если подуть, то ощущаешь прохладу?</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В чайнике было 2 кг воды при температуре $16 ^{\circ}\text{C}$. После того как воду нагрели до кипения и часть её испарилась, воды осталось 1,9 кг. Определите количество теплоты, которое израсходовано на получение кипятка. Начертите примерный график процессов, происходящих с водой.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1424" "height" => 639 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-cp05/5-1.webp?ts=1760803270" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1820283 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1091 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470294" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в холодных помещениях часто бывает сыро?</p><p>В воздухе всегда содержится некоторое количество водяного пара. Теплый воздух способен удерживать больше водяного пара, чем холодный. Когда теплый и влажный воздух соприкасается с холодными поверхностями в помещении (стенами, окнами), он охлаждается. При понижении температуры воздух достигает "точки росы" — состояния, когда он становится насыщенным водяным паром. Если охлаждение продолжается, избыточная влага конденсируется, превращаясь в капельки воды. Эти капли оседают на холодных поверхностях, что и создает ощущение сырости.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Сырость в холодных помещениях возникает из-за конденсации водяного пара, содержащегося в воздухе, на холодных поверхностях.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему, если подышать себе на руку, чувствуешь теплоту, а если подуть, то ощущаешь прохладу?</p><p>Эти два действия вызывают разные физические процессы.<br>Когда мы медленно дышим на руку (выдох с открытым ртом), мы выдыхаем теплый (около 37 °C) и насыщенный водяным паром воздух из легких. Во-первых, этот теплый воздух передает тепло нашей руке. Во-вторых, водяной пар конденсируется на более холодной коже руки. Процесс конденсации происходит с выделением энергии (скрытой теплоты парообразования), что дополнительно согревает руку.<br>Когда мы дуем на руку (выдох через сжатые губы), мы создаем быструю струю воздуха. Эта струя вовлекает в движение окружающий, более прохладный воздух. Быстрый поток воздуха над поверхностью кожи значительно ускоряет испарение влаги (пота) с её поверхности. Испарение — это процесс, требующий затрат энергии, которая забирается у кожи. В результате кожа охлаждается, и мы ощущаем прохладу.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Когда мы дышим, тепло передается от теплого выдоха и выделяется при конденсации пара на руке. Когда мы дуем, быстрый поток воздуха ускоряет испарение влаги с кожи, что вызывает её охлаждение.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В чайнике было 2 кг воды при температуре 16 °С. После того как воду нагрели до кипения и часть её испарилась, воды осталось 1,9 кг. Определите количество теплоты, которое израсходовано на получение кипятка. Начертите примерный график процессов, происходящих с водой.</p><p><strong>Дано:</strong><br>Начальная масса воды $m_1 = 2$ кг<br>Конечная масса воды $m_2 = 1,9$ кг<br>Начальная температура воды $t_1 = 16$ °C<br>Температура кипения воды $t_{кип} = 100$ °C<br>Удельная теплоемкость воды $c = 4200 \frac{Дж}{кг \cdot °C}$<br>Удельная теплота парообразования воды $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \frac{Дж}{кг}$<br><br>Все величины даны в системе СИ или совместимы с ней (градусы Цельсия для разности температур эквивалентны Кельвинам).</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Общее количество теплоты $\text{Q}$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Общее количество теплоты $\text{Q}$, израсходованное на процесс, складывается из двух частей:<br>1. Количества теплоты $Q_1$, необходимого для нагревания всей начальной массы воды от начальной температуры до температуры кипения.<br>2. Количества теплоты $Q_2$, необходимого для превращения части воды в пар при температуре кипения.<br>Общее количество теплоты: $Q = Q_1 + Q_2$.<br><br>Найдем количество теплоты, необходимое для нагревания воды:<br>$Q_1 = c \cdot m_1 \cdot (t_{кип} - t_1)$<br>$Q_1 = 4200 \frac{Дж}{кг \cdot °C} \cdot 2 \text{ кг} \cdot (100 °C - 16 °C) = 8400 \cdot 84 = 705600 \text{ Дж}$.<br><br>Найдем массу испарившейся воды:<br>$m_{исп} = m_1 - m_2 = 2 \text{ кг} - 1,9 \text{ кг} = 0,1 \text{ кг}$.<br><br>Найдем количество теплоты, необходимое для испарения этой массы воды:<br>$Q_2 = L \cdot m_{исп}$<br>$Q_2 = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \frac{Дж}{кг} \cdot 0,1 \text{ кг} = 230000 \text{ Дж}$.<br><br>Теперь найдем общее количество теплоты:<br>$Q = Q_1 + Q_2 = 705600 \text{ Дж} + 230000 \text{ Дж} = 935600 \text{ Дж}$.<br>$Q = 935,6 \text{ кДж}$.<br><br><strong>Примерный график процессов:</strong><br>График зависимости температуры воды $\text{T}$ (в °C, по оси ординат) от полученного количества теплоты $\text{Q}$ (в Дж, по оси абсцисс) будет состоять из двух участков:<br>1. <em>Участок нагревания:</em> Прямая линия, идущая вверх из точки с координатами ($Q=0$, $T=16$) до точки ($Q=705600$, $T=100$). На этом участке вся подводимая теплота идет на увеличение температуры воды.<br>2. <em>Участок кипения:</em> Горизонтальная линия при постоянной температуре $T=100$ °C. Она начинается там, где закончился первый участок, и продолжается до точки ($Q=935600$, $T=100$). На этом участке вся подводимая теплота идет на парообразование, и температура воды не меняется.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Израсходовано 935600 Дж (или 935,6 кДж) теплоты. График состоит из наклонного участка нагрева от 16 °C до 100 °C и горизонтального участка кипения при 100 °C.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1820283 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470294" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Почему в холодных помещениях часто бывает сыро?</p><p>В воздухе всегда содержится некоторое количество водяного пара. Теплый воздух способен удерживать больше водяного пара, чем холодный. Когда теплый и влажный воздух соприкасается с холодными поверхностями в помещении (стенами, окнами), он охлаждается. При понижении температуры воздух достигает "точки росы" — состояния, когда он становится насыщенным водяным паром. Если охлаждение продолжается, избыточная влага конденсируется, превращаясь в капельки воды. Эти капли оседают на холодных поверхностях, что и создает ощущение сырости.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Сырость в холодных помещениях возникает из-за конденсации водяного пара, содержащегося в воздухе, на холодных поверхностях.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Почему, если подышать себе на руку, чувствуешь теплоту, а если подуть, то ощущаешь прохладу?</p><p>Эти два действия вызывают разные физические процессы.<br>Когда мы медленно дышим на руку (выдох с открытым ртом), мы выдыхаем теплый (около 37 °C) и насыщенный водяным паром воздух из легких. Во-первых, этот теплый воздух передает тепло нашей руке. Во-вторых, водяной пар конденсируется на более холодной коже руки. Процесс конденсации происходит с выделением энергии (скрытой теплоты парообразования), что дополнительно согревает руку.<br>Когда мы дуем на руку (выдох через сжатые губы), мы создаем быструю струю воздуха. Эта струя вовлекает в движение окружающий, более прохладный воздух. Быстрый поток воздуха над поверхностью кожи значительно ускоряет испарение влаги (пота) с её поверхности. Испарение — это процесс, требующий затрат энергии, которая забирается у кожи. В результате кожа охлаждается, и мы ощущаем прохладу.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Когда мы дышим, тепло передается от теплого выдоха и выделяется при конденсации пара на руке. Когда мы дуем, быстрый поток воздуха ускоряет испарение влаги с кожи, что вызывает её охлаждение.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> В чайнике было 2 кг воды при температуре 16 °С. После того как воду нагрели до кипения и часть её испарилась, воды осталось 1,9 кг. Определите количество теплоты, которое израсходовано на получение кипятка. Начертите примерный график процессов, происходящих с водой.</p><p><strong>Дано:</strong><br>Начальная масса воды $m_1 = 2$ кг<br>Конечная масса воды $m_2 = 1,9$ кг<br>Начальная температура воды $t_1 = 16$ °C<br>Температура кипения воды $t_{кип} = 100$ °C<br>Удельная теплоемкость воды $c = 4200 \frac{Дж}{кг \cdot °C}$<br>Удельная теплота парообразования воды $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \frac{Дж}{кг}$<br><br>Все величины даны в системе СИ или совместимы с ней (градусы Цельсия для разности температур эквивалентны Кельвинам).</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Общее количество теплоты $\text{Q}$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Общее количество теплоты $\text{Q}$, израсходованное на процесс, складывается из двух частей:<br>1. Количества теплоты $Q_1$, необходимого для нагревания всей начальной массы воды от начальной температуры до температуры кипения.<br>2. Количества теплоты $Q_2$, необходимого для превращения части воды в пар при температуре кипения.<br>Общее количество теплоты: $Q = Q_1 + Q_2$.<br><br>Найдем количество теплоты, необходимое для нагревания воды:<br>$Q_1 = c \cdot m_1 \cdot (t_{кип} - t_1)$<br>$Q_1 = 4200 \frac{Дж}{кг \cdot °C} \cdot 2 \text{ кг} \cdot (100 °C - 16 °C) = 8400 \cdot 84 = 705600 \text{ Дж}$.<br><br>Найдем массу испарившейся воды:<br>$m_{исп} = m_1 - m_2 = 2 \text{ кг} - 1,9 \text{ кг} = 0,1 \text{ кг}$.<br><br>Найдем количество теплоты, необходимое для испарения этой массы воды:<br>$Q_2 = L \cdot m_{исп}$<br>$Q_2 = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \frac{Дж}{кг} \cdot 0,1 \text{ кг} = 230000 \text{ Дж}$.<br><br>Теперь найдем общее количество теплоты:<br>$Q = Q_1 + Q_2 = 705600 \text{ Дж} + 230000 \text{ Дж} = 935600 \text{ Дж}$.<br>$Q = 935,6 \text{ кДж}$.<br><br><strong>Примерный график процессов:</strong><br>График зависимости температуры воды $\text{T}$ (в °C, по оси ординат) от полученного количества теплоты $\text{Q}$ (в Дж, по оси абсцисс) будет состоять из двух участков:<br>1. <em>Участок нагревания:</em> Прямая линия, идущая вверх из точки с координатами ($Q=0$, $T=16$) до точки ($Q=705600$, $T=100$). На этом участке вся подводимая теплота идет на увеличение температуры воды.<br>2. <em>Участок кипения:</em> Горизонтальная линия при постоянной температуре $T=100$ °C. Она начинается там, где закончился первый участок, и продолжается до точки ($Q=935600$, $T=100$). На этом участке вся подводимая теплота идет на парообразование, и температура воды не меняется.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Израсходовано 935600 Дж (или 935,6 кДж) теплоты. График состоит из наклонного участка нагрева от 16 °C до 100 °C и горизонтального участка кипения при 100 °C.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470295" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470293" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1119} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: 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Вариант 5 (с. 74)
Условие. Вариант 5 (с. 74)
скриншот условия
Вариант 5
1. Почему в холодных помещениях часто бывает сыро?
2. Почему, если подышать себе на руку, чувствуешь теплоту, а если подуть, то ощущаешь прохладу?
3. В чайнике было 2 кг воды при температуре $16 ^{\circ}\text{C}$. После того как воду нагрели до кипения и часть её испарилась, воды осталось 1,9 кг. Определите количество теплоты, которое израсходовано на получение кипятка. Начертите примерный график процессов, происходящих с водой.
Решение. Вариант 5 (с. 74)
1. Почему в холодных помещениях часто бывает сыро?
В воздухе всегда содержится некоторое количество водяного пара. Теплый воздух способен удерживать больше водяного пара, чем холодный. Когда теплый и влажный воздух соприкасается с холодными поверхностями в помещении (стенами, окнами), он охлаждается. При понижении температуры воздух достигает "точки росы" — состояния, когда он становится насыщенным водяным паром. Если охлаждение продолжается, избыточная влага конденсируется, превращаясь в капельки воды. Эти капли оседают на холодных поверхностях, что и создает ощущение сырости.
Ответ: Сырость в холодных помещениях возникает из-за конденсации водяного пара, содержащегося в воздухе, на холодных поверхностях.
2. Почему, если подышать себе на руку, чувствуешь теплоту, а если подуть, то ощущаешь прохладу?
Эти два действия вызывают разные физические процессы.
Когда мы медленно дышим на руку (выдох с открытым ртом), мы выдыхаем теплый (около 37 °C) и насыщенный водяным паром воздух из легких. Во-первых, этот теплый воздух передает тепло нашей руке. Во-вторых, водяной пар конденсируется на более холодной коже руки. Процесс конденсации происходит с выделением энергии (скрытой теплоты парообразования), что дополнительно согревает руку.
Когда мы дуем на руку (выдох через сжатые губы), мы создаем быструю струю воздуха. Эта струя вовлекает в движение окружающий, более прохладный воздух. Быстрый поток воздуха над поверхностью кожи значительно ускоряет испарение влаги (пота) с её поверхности. Испарение — это процесс, требующий затрат энергии, которая забирается у кожи. В результате кожа охлаждается, и мы ощущаем прохладу.
Ответ: Когда мы дышим, тепло передается от теплого выдоха и выделяется при конденсации пара на руке. Когда мы дуем, быстрый поток воздуха ускоряет испарение влаги с кожи, что вызывает её охлаждение.
3. В чайнике было 2 кг воды при температуре 16 °С. После того как воду нагрели до кипения и часть её испарилась, воды осталось 1,9 кг. Определите количество теплоты, которое израсходовано на получение кипятка. Начертите примерный график процессов, происходящих с водой.
Дано:
Начальная масса воды $m_1 = 2$ кг
Конечная масса воды $m_2 = 1,9$ кг
Начальная температура воды $t_1 = 16$ °C
Температура кипения воды $t_{кип} = 100$ °C
Удельная теплоемкость воды $c = 4200 \frac{Дж}{кг \cdot °C}$
Удельная теплота парообразования воды $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \frac{Дж}{кг}$
Все величины даны в системе СИ или совместимы с ней (градусы Цельсия для разности температур эквивалентны Кельвинам).
Найти:
Общее количество теплоты $\text{Q}$ - ?
Решение
Общее количество теплоты $\text{Q}$, израсходованное на процесс, складывается из двух частей:
1. Количества теплоты $Q_1$, необходимого для нагревания всей начальной массы воды от начальной температуры до температуры кипения.
2. Количества теплоты $Q_2$, необходимого для превращения части воды в пар при температуре кипения.
Общее количество теплоты: $Q = Q_1 + Q_2$.
Найдем количество теплоты, необходимое для нагревания воды:
$Q_1 = c \cdot m_1 \cdot (t_{кип} - t_1)$
$Q_1 = 4200 \frac{Дж}{кг \cdot °C} \cdot 2 \text{ кг} \cdot (100 °C - 16 °C) = 8400 \cdot 84 = 705600 \text{ Дж}$.
Найдем массу испарившейся воды:
$m_{исп} = m_1 - m_2 = 2 \text{ кг} - 1,9 \text{ кг} = 0,1 \text{ кг}$.
Найдем количество теплоты, необходимое для испарения этой массы воды:
$Q_2 = L \cdot m_{исп}$
$Q_2 = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \frac{Дж}{кг} \cdot 0,1 \text{ кг} = 230000 \text{ Дж}$.
Теперь найдем общее количество теплоты:
$Q = Q_1 + Q_2 = 705600 \text{ Дж} + 230000 \text{ Дж} = 935600 \text{ Дж}$.
$Q = 935,6 \text{ кДж}$.
Примерный график процессов:
График зависимости температуры воды $\text{T}$ (в °C, по оси ординат) от полученного количества теплоты $\text{Q}$ (в Дж, по оси абсцисс) будет состоять из двух участков:
1. Участок нагревания: Прямая линия, идущая вверх из точки с координатами ($Q=0$, $T=16$) до точки ($Q=705600$, $T=100$). На этом участке вся подводимая теплота идет на увеличение температуры воды.
2. Участок кипения: Горизонтальная линия при постоянной температуре $T=100$ °C. Она начинается там, где закончился первый участок, и продолжается до точки ($Q=935600$, $T=100$). На этом участке вся подводимая теплота идет на парообразование, и температура воды не меняется.
Ответ: Израсходовано 935600 Дж (или 935,6 кДж) теплоты. График состоит из наклонного участка нагрева от 16 °C до 100 °C и горизонтального участка кипения при 100 °C.
Другие задания:
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